Illegal immigration involves the movement of people across national borders in violation of destination country laws. Illegal immigrants are also referred to as illegal aliens to distinguish them from legal aliens. Issues around illegal immigration involve social, economic and political aspects related to ethnicity, religion, jobs, settlement patterns, and more.
Understanding Illegal Immigration in the United States
1. Illegal immigration is the
g g
movement of people across
national borders in a way that
violates the immigration laws
of the destination country
country.
Illegal immigrants are also
known as illegal aliens to
differentiate them from legal
aliens.
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9. In politics, the term may imply a larger set
of social issues and time constraints with
disputed consequences in areas such as
economy, social welfare, education,
health care, slavery, prostitution, legal
protections, voting rights, public services,
and human rights
11. Under the basic cost/benefit
argument ft for ill l i
illegal immigration,
i ti
potential migrants believe the
probability and benefits of
successfully migrating to the
destination country are greater than
the costs. These costs may include
restrictions living as an illegal
immigrant in the destination
country, leaving family and ways of
life behind, and the probability of
being caught and resulting
sanctions.
13. The neoclassical economic model
looks only at the probability of
success in immigrating and finding
employment, and the increase in
real income an illegal immigrant can
expect. This explanation would
account for the economies of the
two states, including how much of a
"pull" the destination country has in
terms of better‐paying jobs and
improvements in quality of life. It
also describes a "push" that comes
from negative conditions in the
home country like lack of
employment or economic mobility
mobility.
15. This theory states that
postindustrial economies have a
widening gap between well‐paying,
white‐collar jobs that require ever
higher levels of education and
"human capital", which native‐born
citizens (and legal immigrants) can
qualify to take, and bottom‐tie jobs
that are stigmatized and require no
education. These "underclass" jobs
include harvesting crops, unskilled
labor in landscaping and
construction, house‐cleaning, and
maid and busboy work in hotels and
restaurants,
restaurants all of which have a
disproportionate number of illegal
workers.
17. Some illegal immigrants seek to live
with loved ones such as a spouse or
ones,
other family members. Family
reunification visas may be applied
for by legal residents or naturalized
citizens to bring their family
members into a destination state
legally, but these visas may be
limited in number and subject to
yearly quotas. This may force their
family members to enter illegally to
reunify. From studying Mexican
migration patterns, research finds
that the likelihood of a Mexican
national to emigrate illegally to the
US increases dramatically if they
have one or more family members
already residing in the legally or
the,
illegally
19. Human smuggling is the practice of
intermediaries aiding illegal
immigrants in crossing over
international borders in financial
gain, often in large groups. Human
smuggling differs from, but is
sometimes associated with, human
trafficking. A human smuggler will
facilitate illegal entry into a country
for a fee, but on arrival at their
destination, the smuggled person is
usually free. Trafficking involves a
process of using physical force,
fraud, or deception to obtain and
transport people
people.
21. Since late April 2007, the Iranian
government has forcibly deported
back to Afghanistan mostly
unregistered (and some registered)
Afghans living and working in Iran at
a rate between 250,000 ‐ 300,000
per year. The forceful evictions of
the refugees, who have lived in Iran
and Pakistan for nearly three
decades, are part of the two
countries' larger plans to repatriate
all Afghan refugees within a few
years. Iran says it will send
1,000,000 by next March, and
Pakistan announced that all
2,400,000 Afghan refugees, most
living in camps, must return home
by 2009
2009.
23. Between 12 and 20 million illegal
immigrants are estimated to be
living in the United States; due to
the nature of illegal immigration,
the exact number is unknown. The
majority of the illegal immigrants
are from Latin America. Illegal
immigration has been a
longstanding issue in the United
States, creating immense
controversy. Harvard University
economistexplains that the
controversy centers around the
"huge redistribution [of wealth]
away from [unskilled American]
workers to [American employers]
who use immigrants."
25. The illegal entry of non‐nationals
into the United States is a
misdemeanor according to the
Immigration and Nationality Act,
which prohibits non‐nationals from
non nationals
entering or attempting to enter the
United States at any time or place
which has not been designated by
an immigration officer, and also
prohibits non‐nationals from
eluding inspection by immigration
officers
27. The U.S. Customs and Border Protection is responsible for apprehending individuals
attempting to enter the United States illegally. The United States Border Patrol is its
mobile uniformed law enforcement arm responsible for deterrence detection and
arm, deterrence,
apprehension of those who enter the United States without authorization from the
government and outside the designated ports of entry.
Six to seven million people reside in the United States after having evaded the
Immigration Inspectors or Border Patrol. There are an estimated half a million illegal
entries into the United States each year. Often, migrants employ "coyotes", smugglers
who promise a safe passage into the United States and are paid thousands of dollars per
person they assist in crossing the border.
The unfenced, rural mountainous and desert border between Arizona and Mexico has
become a major entrance area for unlawful migration to the United States, due in part
to the increased difficulty of crossing illegally into California. The recent tightening of
border f
b d enforcement h di has disrupted the traditional circular movement of many migrant
d h di i l i l f i
workers from Mexico by increasing the costs and risks of crossing the border, thereby
reducing their rate of return migration to Mexico. Each year there are several hundred
migrant deaths along the Mexico‐U.S. border. The difficulty and expense of the journey
g g y p j y
has prompted many migrant workers to stay in the United States longer or indefinitely.
29. Unreported employment, often referred to colloquially as working under the
table, is the performance of employment that is not reported as required by law
to the appropriate local, state or provincial, or national government agency. This
is often done by the employer or employee in order to dodge one or more laws in
one of these jurisdictions. Workers and employers who engage in this practice
generally make and receive payments i cash, and often, the employer d
ll k d i in h d f h l does not
check the employee's background or credentials as is sometimes required by law
or otherwise expected by the industry's client base, such as a license or
certification.
certification While the hiring of the employee may or may not be legal in itself
itself,
this is often done when the employer or employee is intentionally failing to obey
one or more laws.
31. American immigration (immigration to the United States of America) refers to the
movement of non‐residents to the United States. Immigration has been a major
source of population growth and cultural change throughout much of American
history. The economic, social, and political aspects of immigration have caused
controversy regarding ethnicity, religion, economic benefits, job growth,
settlement patterns, environmental i
l i l impact, iimpact on upward social mobility,
d i l bili
levels of criminality, nationalities, political loyalties, moral values, and work
habits. As of 2006, the United States accepts more legal immigrants as
permanent residents than any other country in the world
32. Illegal immigration is the
g g
movement of people across
national borders in a way that
violates the immigration laws
of the destination country
country.
Illegal immigrants are also
known as illegal aliens to
differentiate them from legal
aliens.
Minutes To
NOVEMBER
unearthing the ultimate reality