Arguments Against Animal Testing Essay

Arguments Against Animal Testing Essay
Animal Testing There is much debate over whether animal testing should be allowed or not. Some people think that it is not essential to sacrifice
animals for human benefits because they are being abused and tortured severely during experiments. Some others who stand against animal testing
claim that humans eliminate many lives on earth in order to safe humans' lives, so there is no justice because even animals have the right to live on
earth, yet these people do not consider the truth that animals are being used in the food industry or in the laboratories. Thus, if someone asks how
many animals are being used in the laboratory experiments around the world every year, who can give an accurate answer? It can be one, ten, or fifty
million. It is difficult to find the exact figure on this question because people only read news through mass media such as having a new vaccine which
can help human avoid uterus cancer or a new medicine help humans cure strokes, but they also need to know how many lives of the animals would have
to take in order to get theses vaccines. Therefore, some organizes think that animal testing is one of the most disturbing experiments ever, and it should
be banned. Despite many controversies with opposing opinions, a compromise can be made in order to reduce the use of animals in the laboratory
experiments. In the problem, there are always opposite sides which can create the debate about using animals in the laboratory experiments. Some
people want to
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Essay about Costs of Childhood Cancer Treatment and Research
Cancer, one of the most feared words in our vocabulary of this time, especially in childhood (Druker 1). Most people when thinking of "childhood
cancer" envision very young children, although a "Nation Institute of Health Policy concerning inclusion of children in clinical research defines
children as being younger than twenty–one years of age while the Food and Drug Administration considers children to be fifteen years and younger"
(Ries 158). That being said, most cancers incidence peak among children occurs during the first year of life (Gurney 149). Some of the most
well–known nationwide childhood cancers are leukemia, brain cancer, and other central nervous system cancers (oeconline 1). In conjunction, "the side
effects of treatment, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As one can see the price for one single child with cancer treatment that needs necessary care over multiple nights can be, on average, up to 6
figures in the United States (oeconline 2). Statistically, the national cost per child is about equivalent to $815,830 in 2007 dollars (oeconline 1). The
average per day costs for pediatric cancer has increased consistently from 2000 to 2005 by over twenty percent, figuratively that is from $14,400 to
$17,500 (Nagamine 2). Although the prices are already substantially high they are apparently still on the rise (Nagamine 2). Raising awareness is a
step in the right direction to escalating advocacy and support for childhood cancer research (acco.org 1). One nationwide project that brings in the most
financial aid for visitors and patients is St. Jude's Children's Research Hospital (StJude.org 1). The mission of St. Jude is "to advance cures and the
means of prevention, for pediatric catastrophic diseases through research and treatment" (StJude.org 1). That being said, the support "helps ensure that
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital will continue its lifesaving mission of finding cures and saving children" (StJudes.org 1). Few people realize the
dire situation patients and families are in when they are deciding to not

Adenomatous Polyps Theory
Randomized patients, whose colonoscopy revealed the presences of adenomatous polyps, viewed a power point presentation that documented the
precancerous nature of adenomatous polyps and associated an increased risk with immediate family members. Additionally, a randomized portion of
the adenomatous positive population received a one page personalized letter reinforcing the information contained in the Computer Based Education
Program (CBEP). Furthermore, each patient received a follow–up telephone survey to quantify how well they absorbed the information concerning
adenomatous polyps. Access the full study @ https://rtips.cancer.gov/rtips/programDetails.do?programId=1472737 . Beneficiaries of the CBEP and the
personalized letter, attained... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the social marketing conceptual framework, there are three categories of products: actual products, core products, and augmented
products. Actual products, in this instance, are the colorectal screenings marketed to adenomatous positive patients and their family members.
Benefits of colonoscopy participation (core products) include decreased risk of developing cancer, life, and the added benefit (augmented product) of
saving loved ones from cancer diagnoses. With respect to colonoscopies, the price is a perceived loss of dignity, embarrassment, and pride
(Mikocla–Walus, 2012). Post recovery, adenomatous positive patients viewed an educational video regarding precancerous polyps, therefore the
marketing strategy takes place in the recovery room; and The Computer Based Education Program and the one paged, personalized, letter of
reinforcement are the tools used to promote awareness of adenomatous polyps and the importance of colorectal

The Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing
What would you do if you were forced to live in filthy conditions, subjected to various tortures and horrifying ordeals? This is the life of an animal
kept as a tool for scientific research. The debate over human animal testing has been ongoing for many years, starting as early as the 19th century.
However, animal testing has been recorded as early as 500 BC, and has been practiced ever since. People have been advocating for more humane
practices for animal testing since the 19th century, when Queen Victoria publicly displayed her disgust at these practices. Scientists should not continue
animal testing because there are alternatives that are safer for the animals, the treatment of said animals has been shown to be inhumane, and the testing
done on some of these animals does not even translate to humans. First off, there are many different alternatives to animal testing, and as such it can be
voided altogether. One way to avoid animal testing is to use in vitro testing. In vitro testing is testing "within the glass." This means that the tests are
done outside of the whole living organism. This is a safer alternative because it does not directly affect the animal at hand, and therefore the animal
does not suffer. Another alternative is microdosing. Microdosing is the process in which humans are given an extremely small dosage of the product
at hand. With the incredibly small dosage, the whole body is not affected, but the response can be observed at a cellular level. This

Effects Of Amendment 2 On The State Florida
Has anyone done any research on what the effects Amendment 2 would have on the state Florida? Well the opposition clearly did not do any research
and the politicians used smooth talking fallacies to blind side the voters. It is time to see the holes in their stance on medical marijuana.
"The Smokescreen" as defined by the author Joe Cardona from the Miami Herald, is the lack of liability Amendment 2 brought to the table when it
hit the polls in October. His meaning behind this is because a medical marijuana user would not be receiving a prescription from a trained medical
physician. Instead, they would be receiving a referral for a license to receive treatment and they would have it forever. Also as part of Joe Cardona's
"Smokescreen" theory, because the fact that Amendment 2 is a constitutional amendment that there would have been no way to tweak or amended it,
like a legislative law would. So regulating the consumption of medical marijuana would be impossible. (Cardona, 2014)
Unfortunately he is not the only one to interpret Amendment 2 this way. Dr. Rafael Miguel, director of the Sarasota Memorial Institute for Advanced
Medicine 's Pain Medicine Program and representatives for Drug Free America. He states that "You don 't get refills, you get it forever. There 's no
regulation on consumption." (Gillin, 2014)
These bold statements were completely wrong and very misinforming. The referral would also have a date attached, so a doctor would put on the
referral how long the

Continuum Of Caregivers
A nonsystematic study reviewed previous research and noted the importance of assisting caregivers as there are nearly four million adult caregivers
nationwide.7 Researchers from the School of Nursing in Michigan gave insight about the issues faced by caregivers, and how to better meet their
caregiving needs. Legislation review and five meta–analyses were conducted in order to see the many implications caregivers face as well offer ways
to help them. National data showed these caregivers estimate an average of 8.3 hours a day providing care near 13.7 months. 5 Along with
innumerable physical changes, sleep disturbances, and changes financial well–being, psychological impairment and moods disturbance were a great
topic of research. In several... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Researchers from the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) conducted a study to review the psychosocial care and needs
within the cancer continuum of caregivers. With multidimensional approaches, the guidelines and models for psychosocial evaluations were
produced.10 Researchers proposed that community based sectors with a variety of services could improve by including nurse and clinicians within the
psychosocial care and stressor treatment. Meanwhile, researchers in China conducted theoretic framework for a smartphone app that was constructed
for providing better managing the psychological needs and stressors for patient's parents. Interviews, focus groups, and discussions with both health
professionals as well as caregivers lead to what the app would focus on. 12 Modules were designed for the caregiver to walk through that included
numerous subjects. This app was administered through a web–based portal and included both systematic and qualitative approaches for data
collection.12 A huge issue of concern did arise with money and transmitting health information online and the privacy of individuals. To decrease future
gaps in treatment and find improvements, researchers also suggested professional training, strategic and assistance videos, and improved involvement
from health systems. An intended focus would be to better design and implement online programs and propose work throughout communities to
include more time, involvement, and information between caregivers and professionals such that this intervention will hope to better solve. Findings
from the planned intervention will hope to coincide with these focuses in suggestions for future research of caregivers

Should Athletes Be Paid Essay
Playing A children's Game Pays Millions!!!
Why are athletes so overpaid? They do not need all this money yet every year, they can get paid millions of dollars. A sports athlete is one of the
highest paying jobs in the world, according to Business Insider, an average basketball player gets paid 4.6 million dollars annually. Should athletes
really get paid this much for playing a children's game? No one should, people might say that athletes can entertain the world, but a soldier can save
the world, yet most go homeless after serving their time and risking their lives. According to Forbes, Lionel Messi makes 53.4 million dollars
annually. Imagine how useful that money could have been if it was used for something else. This is why professional athletes salaries are not justified,
they teach greed to the younger generation, other jobs are in need ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Athletes salaries have been in the millions for many years, and it is now that we should realize that they shouldn't be getting this much money. Athletes
that already get paid millions but want a better contract, and Josh Beckett being a scam is why athletes are shown as greedy people and why kids
will learn the same way. Also, jobs are going to be left open, like software engineers, that are very important considering how fast the society is getting
technological and advanced. Lastly, the money could be used for things like health care and education, according to treasury.gov, the money could be
used for the water districts in Canada. If money was used for the water district then we would have cleaner water used and also heavy rains would be
managed better than they are right now. This is why I think we should take action and take a bit of money from athletes salaries, leading the country
into the right and better

Argumentative Essay: The Benefits Of Animal Testing
Animal testing is considered to be a cruel act of mankind for their own benefit. One might think that we should find another way to replace animal
testing as it is harming animals every day, but the harsh reality is that they are a necessary part of ensuring the health and safety of all organisms in the
long run. The reality is that despite some scientists not being in favour of animal testing, they have to use due to the lack of alternatives available to
them. All drugs are regulated by the FDA and therefore must be tested before released for public consumption, meaning that animal testing is
regulated and somewhat encouraged by the law. As it is a cheap, easy and fast way to place your drug out for sale that may be beneficial to humans...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As we know, "Chimpanzees share 99% of their DNA with humans, and mice are 98% genetically similar to humans"(http://animal–testing.procon.org/),
hence they share common charactersitics with humans. As chimpanzees share almost all of their DNA with us humans we are able to get results that
match and work with our DNA's therefore helping us find more cures. Similarly being 98% genetically similar we are able to get results after testing
drugs on mice and then apply these same outcomes on humans, thus saving a lot of human lives through animal testing. In addition, there aren't any
other adequate forms of animal testing as even the smartest computers on Earth won't be able to find out results which will be as reliable as animal
testing. Thus, as animals and humans share many similarities, animal testing is the best way to find cures as we have no other adequate forms present
today, and not to forget that it also saves human as well as animal

Health Literacy And Its Effect On Patient Safety Essay
Introduction Health literacy is the ability to read, comprehend, and utilize healthcare information in order to make health related decisions based on the
individual 's interpretation of this information (Eadie, 2014). This includes the individual 's ability to "perform Internet searches, reading health
prevention pamphlets, measuring medication doses, and understanding and complying with verbal or written health care instructions" (Eadie, 2014, p.
10). These barriers significantly affect patient safety and require intervention from health care professionals. As we have learned in our previous theory
courses, many individuals experience some form of limited health literacy; however, "the Institute of Medicine reports that 90 million American adults
lack basic health literacy" (as cited in Eadie, 2014, p.10).
Health literacy is important in patient management of health and disease because it can help avoid medical mistakes. Patients who do not comprehend
complex nursing instructions cannot successfully adhere to the desired treatment regimen (The Joint Commission, 2007). This can lead to negative
health outcomes, although it is not the fault of the patient, but the provider for not assessing what the client understands and where additional
clarification is needed. After all, the health care system is meant to serve all individuals in need of assistance, yet patients and their families are
challenged with navigating this convoluted system. Therefore, promoting health

Persuasive Essay About Cancer
Researchers at the National Cancer Institute have found that approximately 38.5% of both male and female will be diagnosed with some form of
cancer throughout their lives. Unfortunately, this statistic hits a little too close to home for many of us. (BE3) Because there are so many
different branches, forms, and strings of cancer, scientists are still unable to find a specific cure for all of them. (BE2) Cancer affects all of us in
so many different ways and with so many different people, for me, it was my grandpa Davis and lung cancer. Losing my grandpa to cancer was
one of the hardest things I have experienced and had to go through in my life so far, and a situation that has had an enormous impact on my life in
more than one way, not just negative. All of my life I have lived in the same house same town and my grandparents have always lived a block and
a half away from us. This could be a major contributor on why we were so close, I guess it was all I have ever known. In 2014 My grandpa Davis
was diagnosed with lung cancer in the third stage. He and Grandma immediately started radiation and chemotherapy at Mercy and Mayo clinic hoping
to put the cancer in a dormant stage. These harsh treatments worked for a while and bought him more time with us, which is all anybody can ask for
in the end. We know he wouldn't back down easy because he was strong–willed, and stubborn, and did not back down easily. (SC5) Determined and
strong, grandpa fought a long hard battle. (BE1) When

Population Based Cancer Database By National Cancer Institute
The SEER is a population–based cancer database by National Cancer Institute. The SEER 13 represents approximately 14% of the population of the
United States and includes 13 cancer registries – San Francisco–Oakland, Connecticut, Detroit, Hawaii, Iowa, New Mexico, Seattle (Puget Sound
region), Utah, Atlanta, San Jose–Monterey, Los Angles, Alaska Natives, and rural Georgia. High quality data are collected from hospitals andcancer
treatment centers. The database includes primary tumor site, staging, patient demographics, treatment modality and survival statistics (10). We selected
adult patients (в‰Ґ 18 years) diagnosed with first primary HCC between January 1992 and December 2011. We excluded cases diagnosed at autopsy
and those lost to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Results:
A total of 15,296 patients diagnosed with primary HCC met the study criteria. Majority of the patients were men (74.47%) and belonged to the
Caucacian race (58.57%). Median age at the time of diagnosis was 66.16 years (range: 42.33 – 95.5 years). Detailed patient demographics are
presented in Table 1. The median follow–up duration was 28 months (range: 6 – 18.5 years). A total of 446 (2.83%) patients developed 466 SPM with
observed/expected (O/E) ratio of 1.07 (95% CI= 0.97–1.17) and AER of 7.17 per 10,000 population, p = 0.16. These patients had significant excess
risk of non–Hodgkin's lymphoma and several solid tumors including cancers of head and neck, lung, thyroid, adrenal glands, stomach, anus and
hepatobiliary region. Interestingly, there was significantly decreased risk of prostate cancer among HCC patients compared to general population.
Younger patients (aged <60 years) had increased risk of malignancies of oropharynx (O/E ratio of 4.18, CI = 2.23– 7.15, p=.01; AER 7.15), lung and
bronchus (O/E ratio of 3.03, CI=1.9 – 4.58, p= 0.01; AER 11.6), hepatobiliary system (O/E ratio 4.35, CI=2.32–7.44, p=.01; AER 7.8), small intestine
(O/E ratio of 8.11, CI=1.67–23.1, p=.01; AER 2.07), non–Hodgkin's lymphoma (O/E ratio of 4.44, CI 2.43–7.44, p=.01; AER 8.53.) Among older
patients (Age в‰Ґ 60 years), there was increased risk of cancers of oropharynx (O/E ratio 1.7, CI

The Problem And Its Background Of Cervical Cancer
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction Throughout the world and through the years, it is always a traumatic experience being faced by patients diagnosed with cancer, popularly
identified as "The Big C". There are several challenges one has to face. Among the hundred of cases conducted on patients with cancer , particularly on
women , the extraordinary reality is that the cancer is not always the most difficult part of their lives. Instead , it maybe directed at problems of living
that are related only tangentially to cancer. "The Big C" – otherwise known as cancer – is the third leading cause of death in the Philippines. In recent
years, between the years 1980 to 1995, cervical cancer or cancer of the cervix has been ranked amongst the most prominent types of cancer in the
country, third only to lung (ranked first) and breast cancer (second). It is interesting to note that cervical cancer is the first gyne–type cancer that
appears on the "Leading Sites of Cancer" list. This simply means that we are aware of the dangers posted by lung and breast cancer. So much so, that
significant time and attention has been given to it to promote early detection and prevention.
Although we cannot singularly undermine these types of cancer, it cannot be denied that cervical cancer has indeed claimed so many lives of
women. It is impossible not to find a family that has lost a sister, a mother, a grandmother or a friend because of this disease. Cervical cancer is an

Effectiveness Of Successful Resilience Programs For Nurses
Shortcomings in the Literature
Although CF and resilience are relatively new areas of research, there are several studies that cite their importance and benefit to combatting illness,
nursing and patient quality of life, and retention rates. As mentioned previously, CF adversely affects both nursing retention rates, as well as patient
outcomes. Hart, Brannan, and Chesnay felt a majority of factors in patient dissatisfaction were the same factors that increased stress in nurses; thus,
patient and nurse quality of life are inseparably tied together. Preliminary studies show that resilience strengthening classes for nurses significantly
alleviates CF rates. However, no studies to date try to link these classes for nurses with patient outcomes. Patients who have more resilience have better
outcomes, especially long–term and with regard to their families. Research should be done to examine whether successful resilience programs for
nurses also affect both patient outcomes and patient resilience levels. If these are significantly benefited by resilience programs, then resilience
programs for nurses will have a greater reputation among healthcare organizations. If both nursing and patient outcomes are benefited, the
cost–effectiveness and necessity of these programs will be realized, as well as advancement in healthcare efficacy.
Proposal
Methods and Procedure
Given the previous research on CF and resilience within nursing and patient outcomes, a two–part study developed to

The Negative Effects of Using Tanning Salons
Tall, fit, and tan... Sounds attractive? It is not to rare to encounter young teenage girls who's aims are to achieve this "perfect" image. These looks are
popularized through stars, models, and individuals that the younger population look up to. Enforcing insecurity amongst teens, advertisements portray
these ultimate, beautiful, "natural" looks. However, what they do not portray is the time, effort, and health risks involved. Unfortunately these teens do
not take into consideration the harsh circumstances that these procedures consist of. In other words, they are not aware of the after affects that will
alter their health along with their image. A large part of the population of the United States including men and women, teenage or adult, are insecure
about their body image. They're not lying when they say, "Beauty is Pain." Many of these treatments and procedures people undergo drastically
change the look of their image. Given all these considerations the use of indoor tanning salons has been a controversial topic to many people. The
essential question is, should a federal ban against the use of tanning salons by minors be enacted? Absolutely yes, minors should not be able to use the
amenities of tanning salons due to the long term affects that will disturb their well being. The negative effects of using tanning salons do not
overcompensate the temporary look enhancement. A shocking article titled "Alarming Find: 29% of High School Girls Use Tanning Beds" by Liz

Pesticides In Canada
Use of pesticide in farming has long been a topic of debate in both developed and developing countries. Significantly, Canadian farming also relies
heavily on the use of pesticides. In Canada, Pest Management Regulatory Agency, a division of Health Canada regulates the use of pesticides.
Although, the Ministry of Environment has banned the sale of a large number of highly toxic "pesticides for cosmetic purposes on lawns, gardens,
parks and schoolyards....but the ban makes exceptions for agriculture, forestry and golf courses, and for public health or safety issues" (News Staff,
2009). However, this regulation does not wholly satisfy the majority of Canadians that supports pesticide bans on a larger scale due environmental and
health concerns. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the most direct way of pesticides reaching the fish population is contamination of water sources due to soil erosion, leeching, run–off and
accidental exposure. This leads to mass death of aquatic life forms due to poisoning and depletion of oxygen. Sometimes, pesticides intended to
eradicate a pest in one species has fatal outcome to another species. Two such pesticides, Alphamax and Salmosan introduced in New Brunswick
Salmon Farming Industry to fight sea lice infestation has killed lobsters far away from the site of salmon farms. As stated by Wayne Moore, director
general of Regulatory Science for Fisheries and Oceans Canada, "Reports indicate that there are potential (lethal) issues associate with Salmosan and
Alphamax usage" (CBC NEWS, 2015). More so, treating seeds of canola, soybean and corn with Neonicotinoid, a pesticide to ward off aphids (insect
pests), has been in practice since long in Canadian farming. Bird's ingestion of these treated seeds or contaminated insects has been a major cause of
an alarming decline in their population due to poisoning. Certain bird populations like barn swallows, tree sparrow, common starlings and chimney
swifts are down by 75% in recent years. It is not just the birds that are affected by lethal concentrations of the pesticides such as Neonicotinoid; the

Underage Tanning Law
Many teens today feel pressured to live up to society's standards. They believe that perfect hair, flawless makeup, designer clothes, and bronze skin
is required. This is where tanning beds come into play. About 29.5 percent of teenagers use indoor tanning devices. (Health Day News). However,
is the warm, golden glow going to be achievable any more? State Representatives are considering new restrictions, and changing existing laws, in
regards to teen tanning. These new commands will ban teens from tanning. Are these bills acceptable? Are they needed? The Senate and Assembly
of New York agreed to ban teens ages 16 years and younger from tanning beds (Precious). Lawmakers in New Jersey are adding new rules to teen
tanning; no one can tan under the age of 17. (N.J. Bans Minors from Tanning Beds). Therefore, teen tanning bed use is a very controversial topic.
Have you ever felt the "false sense of security that [you] may not feel under direct sunlight" from a tanning bed (Jeffrey)? Your body relaxes, you feel
serene, and you get a golden glow. Some teens strive for this feeling...and the tan. Tanning is theskin's response to injury, according to Arielle Kauvar,
M. D. The exposure of UV rays over time can cause skin cancer. Skin cancer is the growth of abnormal growth of skin cells that forms in the tissue of
the skin (Skin Cancer). Melanoma, the most dangerous type of skin cancer, can come from UV rays. From 1998– 2008, the number of cases of
Melanoma has increased by about

Cancer Is Defined By The National Cancer Institute
Sample of introduction: Cancer is defined by the National Cancer Institute as "the name given to a group of related diseases. In all types of cancer,
some of the body's cells begin to divide without stopping and spread into surrounding tissues." Cancer can develop at almost any part of the human
body and anyone can develop cancer, although risk typically increases with age because most cancers tend to require many years to develop.
Typically, human cells tend to grow and divide and ultimately form new cells as the body needs them. When an organisms cells grow old or get
damaged, the cells die, and new ones replace them. However when cancer develops, this orderly process gets reformatted. As cells increasingly get
more irregular, old or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The importance's of staging cancer is to assist the doctor with planning appropriate treatments to fight the cancer and also helps determine is
treatment is a necessary option for patients. Unfortunately cancer is an assembly of illnesses that can result in virtually any sign or symptom.
However the signs and symptoms associated with cancer are dependent upon where the cancer is located, how big the cancer is, and how much of
the cancer affects the organs and tissues that the cancer is found in. If a cancer has metastasized (spread) to other regions of the body the signs or
symptoms will possibly appear their as well. Although cancer has no race limits cancer incidence and death statistics reveal that certain groups of
people that live in the United States are disproportionately affected by cancer when compared to other groups which ultimately leads to premature
death. Despite there being substantial progress in the treatment of cancer regarding screening, diagnosis, and prevention over the years; there are still
significant disparities that exist amongst groups of people with no clear explanation as to why they exist. Typically these populations of interest are
characterized by various factors such as ethnicity, geographic location, income, or race. "The National Cancer Institute (NCI) defines "cancer health
disparities" as adverse differences in cancer incidence (new cases), cancer prevalence (all existing cases), cancer death (mortality),

What Is The Theme Of Mrs Frisby
"Mrs. Frisby and the Rats of NIMH" is a story about a group of animals on a farm who do everything in their power to salvage their home. Mrs.
Frisby is the head of the farm who everyone turns too because she is so kind and loving. Lately, it hasn't been easy for Mrs., Frisby because she
has been caring for her very sick son. In efforts to help him get better, she seeks out Mr., Agnes, a wise mouse, for some medicine that will work its
magic on her son Timothy. Although things begin looking up for Timothy's well being, summer was quickly approaching and Timothy was in charge
of changing over their home for the summer time so they wouldn't be plowed by the farmers. When Mrs. Frisby expresses her concern about moving
day to Jeremy, a crow, he... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This storyline was all based around moving Mrs. Frisby home to safety in order to steer clear of plowing season. Throughout the story, we are able
to witness Mrs. Frisby go to extreme lengths to save her home and keep her family happy. Although it is not an easy process, Mrs. Frisby never
gave up. Her home was her safety net and the place where her family could all be together. Mrs. Frisby and her children were especially lucky to
even have a house. Although it was a slightly damaged cinder block, the hollow kind with two ovals through it, but it was the place they called
home and they would make it work no matter what the season (pg. 38). There was no way she was going to let it all be destroyed by the farmers.
Instead of relocating, she travels all over to find a way to solve her problem, which, in the end, is accomplished. In comparison to the impact Mrs.
Frisby's home has on her life, the rats of NIMH don't really have a set home. They are not dependent on one certain place, which is why they come up
with a plan to re–locate when they find out the rosebush is going to be torn down. To them, home is wherever they can live independently or create a
place for themselves. At this stage in their life, they are more focused on trying to be independent enough so they don't have to depend on anyone for
anything. They are highly trained to live and work in any condition. Unlike Mrs. Frisby, they are willing to

Behavioral Therapies Of The National Cancer Institute
). "According to the 2014 Surgeon General's Report, there have been more than 20 million smoking–related deaths in the United States since 1964; 2.5
million of those deaths were among non–smokers who died from exposure to secondhand smoke." (American Cancer Society, 2015).
Trying to quit the use of any tobacco product is truly a difficult battle. There are many cessation options to overcome this battle. These options include,
pharmaceutical drugs, nicotine replacement, and behavioral therapies. Although these are just a few options available, quitting also takes desire and
commitment to be successful. During the quitting process there are several withdrawal symptoms that can occur. For instance one could have nicotine
cravings, anger ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another opportunity is discussing options with a healthcare provider. He or she can provide tips and local resources available to overcome this
addiction.
For most individuals the detrimental effects that tobacco products pose on the body, is well known. However, many are unaware of the benefits that
begin almost immediately after quitting. Some of the benefits include; a decrease in blood pressure and pulse rate within 20 minutes, a stabilization
of carbon monoxide and oxygen levels in the blood within eight hours, and by one year the risk of having a heart attack is cut in half (Ohio Tobacco
Quit Line, 2015). Another incentive to quit is the amount of money one could save by quitting. On average a smoker who smokes a pack a day
spends $2,372.50 annually. This amount continually goes up with the rising cost of a pack of cigarettes. A person who uses a can of smokeless
tobacco a day spends approximately $1,460 annually. The amount of money spent on these products will continue to rise at alarming rates.
The learning needs of the client will be met by providing him or her with information about the risks of tobacco use. By providing the information in
regards to the health risks associated with tobacco use, this allows the client to make a better informed decision to quit. Once receiving the information
about the dangers of tobacco, the client should set a quit date and be given

Mattel and Toy Safety
In 2007, the international toy manufacturer, Mattel, Inc. issued several recalls for millions of their products. These recalls were for safety reasons in
that testing at the manufacturing sites and special test laboratories showed that millions of their toys were coated with dangerous amounts of lead in
the paint. This lead based paint contains a potent neurotoxin that if ingested can cause serious harm to children. Mattel assured the public that the
problem would be solved, the recalled products would be collected and replaced, and that the company would never let this type of incident happen
again. In the contents of this case there are several management and safety issues and areas for improvement. One issue is Mattel, Inc.'s ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
To achieve this about 65 percent of its toy manufacturing was moved to Asia where its products could be produced cheaper. In doing so Mattel now
has to work within the culture of its manufacturing facilities to ensure healthy and safe operations to its employees. This means that wage, possible
child labor, and other ethical issues could arise, thus as stated before the Global Manufacturing Principles were created and implemented. Since Mattel's
products are now being imported into the U.S., several government agencies and laws have to be taken into consideration, of which pertain to both
countries' government, Chain and the U.S. Some of these agencies in the U.S. are the Consumer Product Safety Commission, whose job is to make sure
any and all products that are entering the U.S. are safe for people. The acting commissioner of the Consumer Product Safety Commission was
negotiating for broader testing and urged consumers to not overreact to the recalls. As for the safety aspect there is several differences between the
two for lead. In China the government standard for lead products in the household, are to only contain 90 parts of lead per million in any product. In
the U.S. the standard is allowed to be as high as 600 parts per million. The major difference is that the U.S. has banned the use of lead completely for
toy products. As such in the U.S. the standards are held to high

Radiation and Tyroid Cancer Essay
For decades, the effects of radiation has been studied by doctors around the world. X–rays are used in the medical and dental field to take radiographs
of certain parts of a person's body. Some have become concerned of the long term and short term effects of having x–rays taken because of the
radiation that is exposed. Since the rise of concern, studies have been done to find any type of link between cancer and radiation from x–rays.
Specifically, in dental x–rays, researchers have been performing studies trying to prove that radiation from x–rays in the dental office can cause cancer .
In 2011, Colleagues from the National Cancer Institute conducted a study involving dental x–rays. Sara Schonfield and others did comparisons with the
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Dr. Oz believes and has been encouraging people to limit the use of x–rays and that it raises the risk of causing cancer (Brody.) He said thyroid cancer
was the "fastest–growing cancer in women." He said it was from dental x–rays and mammograms. His thoughts were that people who had more than 5
x–rays a year were at a higher risk of being diagnosed with thyroid cancer. He also strongly recommended that anyone who goes to get dental x–rays
done should use a lead thyroid shield. On the other hand, a thyroid cancer specialist, Dr. Leonard Wartofsky argues that with the new technology and
scientific equipment we have these days, there is no reason to be concerned. The amount of radiation that is actually exposed is not enough to cause
harmful damage to anyone. Also, the radiation that is actually exposed from dental x–rays has decreased a huge amount for the past two decades.
According to researchers in England, their conclusion to their studies was that further research needed to be conducted. They reported that several
factors may possibly play an important role leading to the increased diagnoses of thyroid cancer (Nordqvist.) Their case–control study was in fact the
largest ever done, but they also wanted to let the public know that the results "should be treated with caution because the data were necessarily based
on self–reporting by the

Essay about Survey of Marijuna Usage at Texas Christian...
Marijuana usage when discussed brings about debate and division no matter the forum. This is a topic that many individuals feel either one or the
other about. Very few feelings can be described as "Middle of the Road". As students at Texas Christian University we felt that in the time we were in
attendance no one had tried to measure how students felt and view Marijuana. This information could be used by organizations such as NORML; it
could help them decide whether or not pursuing a NORML chapter on TCU's campus would be worthwhile. NORML is a marijuana advocacy group
that is working to "move public opinion sufficiently to legalize the responsible use of marijuana". Our study tries to determine what people know and
what people think... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although few relevant surveys of practice patterns exist, it appears that physicians caring for cancer patients in the United States who recommend
medicinal Cannabis predominantly do so for symptom management.
On the other hand there are those who believe marijuana is detrimental to the health of those who use it. The National Institute on Drug Abuse for
believes that marijuana use has many long– and short–term implications. These implications include increased heart rate during use, respiratory issues
including a possibility heightened lung infections and frequent chest illness, and finally long time use can lead to mental illness. Finally there are what
legal alternatives to marijuana use. Some people view these alternative as not as harmful towards physical or mental health and assume that because
they are legal they of course are better. Despite these beliefs many other feel these drugs are much more harmful than their illegal counterparts. In
accordance with the AAPCC, American Association of Poison Control Centers, these substances that go by many different names including "Spice,"
"K2," "Sence," "Skunk," and many others are known to cause vomiting, hallucinations, and elevated blood pressure. In recent years though, these "legal
alternatives" have gained similar ratings and punishments to that of their illegal

Speech Pursuasive Essay
Specific Purpose Statement: To persuade my audience that IF they choose to support a children's charity, to support St Jude Children's Research
Hospital. Central Idea: Many charities are deserving of support, but St Jude is truly special. Everything they do for these children makes their lives and
their family's lives just a little bit easier. Pattern of Organization: Problem–Solution Introduction: Attention: How many of you here think that one day,
you will choose to support a charity, whether through donating your money or volunteering your time? Reveal Topic: There are hundreds of deserving
charities across the nation, but a really special one is St Jude Children's Research Hospital. Credibility: If you remember from my... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
There are 12 major types of childhood cancer 1. Leukemias (blood cancers) and brain cancers combined account for more than half of all new cases
of pediatric cancer. a. One third of all cases are leukemias b. The most common form of leukemia is ALL (Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia) c. The
survival rate of ALL in 1962 was 4% http://www.stjude.org/stjude/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=f87d4c2a71fca210VgnVCM1000001e0215acRCRD 2. The
most common solid tumors are brain tumors 3. Other solid tumors are less common in children C. According to the United States Environmental
Protection Agency facts about childhood cancer, the monetary cost per case was estimated to be around $623,000. http://yosemite.epa.gov/ochp
/ochpweb.nsf/content/fastfacts.htm#cancer 1. Even with insurance, most families are not going to be able to cover all of these costs. 2. According to
the Chili's website, who as I stated before also supports St Jude, the cost of one day of oxygen equals out to about $500. http://www.createapepper.com
/Donate.aspx a.. The cost of one blood count test estimates out to around $50 b. One child–sized specialty wheel–chair, which most of these kids need,
costs about $1,000 3. A lot of children do not get the best quality of care because of these money issues. (Connective: Transition–Now that you've heard
a little background information on childhood cancer, I'm going to share with you what St Jude does and how they are helping battle these

Essay on Animal Testing
Every year, animals are subjected to cruel and unnecessary experimentation. According to the USDA, "between 1990–1997 research labs registered
with the USDA reported killing at least 12,895,885 dogs, cats, primates, guinea pigs, hamsters, rabbits, bears, armadillos, squirrels, wild rodents and
other species. This doesn't include non USDA registered labs" ("Wikianswers"). Lab animals are cut up and tortured to death all in the name of
science. How can we as fellow animal species continue to allow this to happen? Animal testing is a callous and barbaric practice. It is unreliable, and
there are newer ways to test products that do not involve slaughtering animals. Animals have no voice and cannot defend themselves, so we need to
take a stand ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Yet there have been many tests where different species have different reactions to the same chemical. According to the Humane Society, "Only 50
–70%
agreement between rat and mouse test results for the same chemicals" ("Animals in Research"). Obviously different chemicals are going to react
differently in different species. So how can we expect to know how a human will react if most animals react differently? One of the most famous
examples of inaccurate testing would be the release of Thalidomide as a safe sedative for pregnant or breastfeeding women. Despite extensive animal
testing which showed that the drug was safe, thousands of children were born with severe birth defects. Another example would be Clioquinol.
Supposedly, this drug cured diarrhea, but in humans it actually caused it, and in severe cases, death ("CAAT
–Against Animal Testing"). It is also
thought that animal testing will help find a cure for cancer. Billions of dollars have been spent, and so far there is nothing to show for it. According to
the National Cancer Institute there are two main reasons why animals do not accurately help with cancer research. "1. Animals and humans do not get
the same diseases. As a result, animal research focuses on artificially inducing symptoms of human cancer and attempting to treat those symptoms. 2.
Experimental drugs and treatments that have been found effective on animal models will not necessarily work in people" ("CAAT–Against Animal

Lung Cancer: The Relationship Between Gender, Age, and...
HINTS is an acronym for Health Information National Trends Survey and its purpose is to collect cancer–related data on a national level (HINTS,
2007). The goal of HINTS is to assess how information pertaining to cancer is accessed, how the risk of developing cancer is viewed by the public,
how the course of communication has changed, and how the patterns of health has changed through the course of the past several years (HINTS,
2007). Once data has been collected, researchers are able to gain a better understanding of how adults are obtaining health related information. All of
this information allows researchers to adjust, or fine tune, their theories and offer superior suggestions that aid in decreasing the burden brought on by
a cancer... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Or is it found to occur more frequently among a particular race?" The independent variables gender and race/ethnicity are both on a nominal scale.
The dependent variable of likeliness to develop lung cancer is on an ordinal scale. The hypothesis to the first research question is that women are more
likely than men to be diagnosed with lung cancer. The hypothesis to the second research question is no, a diagnosis of lung cancer is not stable across
different races/ethnicities.
Three questions were asked pertaining to the variables and were retrieved from the
HINTS codebook found on Titanium. First, "Are you male or female". The responses were: male
(2,969) or female (4,696). Second, "Which one or more of the following would you say is your race?" The responses were: White (5853); African
American (743); Asian (227); American
Indian/Alaskan Native (179); Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander (30); refused (42); and don't know (99). Finally, "How likely do you think it is
that you will develop cancer in the future? Would you say your chances of getting cancer is..." The responses were: very low
(1,130); somewhat low (1,729); moderate (2,872); somewhat high (995); very high (353); refused (27); and don't know (217). The numbers associated
next to the variables are the amount of people who responded to or chose

According to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) triple...
According to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) triple negative breast cancer is subtype of breast cancer that lack estrogen receptors, progesterone
receptors or large amounts of HER2/neu proteins. It's commonly known as ER–negative, PR–negative and HER2/neu–negative breast cancer (1). Due
to the aforementioned characteristic of triple negative breast cancer it is insensitive to most of the effective therapies available for breast cancer
treatment including HER2–directed therapy such as trastuzumab (2). Chemotherapy is the only systemic treatment for Triple Negative Breast Cancer.
Even though standard chemotherapy regimens can be effective for patients in the early stages of triple negative breast cancer, but patients with ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Second generation Antibody–drug conjugate consider as a new approach for treatments of TNBC. The main idea is to use an antibody and cytotoxic
agents together to produce a synergistic effect and to ensure delivery of the cytotoxic agent to the target cell (6) Our main goal in this research is to
develop a novel antibody based therapy against LRP8. We hypothesis that an anti–LRP8 antibody conjugated to cytotoxic drug will lead toward
effective therapy for TNBC. We will perform experiments using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy to prove that LRP8 is suitable ADC target.
Two main factors will contribute to whether it is suitable target:
i.100,000 LPR8 receptors should be expressed on the surface of 18–20 cells line. Our hypothesis is that will be more than 100,000 LPR8 receptors on
the surface of breast cancer cell line. ii. Internalization of antibody bound to LRP8 We hypothesis that the antibody bind to the LRP8 have the ability to
internalize and eventually causes cell death or apoptosis.
Background and Preliminary Results: In February 2013, an anti–HER2 antibody trastuzumab was approved by the FDA following the positive outcome
of the Phase III EMILIA trial.
In this trial, Patients with HER2 (also known as ERBB2)–positive metastatic breast cancer had an improved median overall survival benefit compared
to the combination of lapatinib and capecitabine (6). This drug represents an

The Medical Eye Institute And The National Cancer Institute
The NIH Clinical Center is one of 27 centers at NIH (NIH, 2015). Others include the national eye institute and the national cancer institute, along
with many others. They are located in Bethesda Maryland but they also have facilities in Montana, Arizona, and North Carolina (NIH, 2015). NIH as
a whole provides information on the latest health trends and newest healthcare technologies. There is information for consumers needing a doctor
referral or medical information, as well as information for professionals; such as research they can be apart of and local jobs to apply for. They also
provide grants and training opportunities for professionals. Their mission "is to seek fundamental knowledge about the nature and behavior of living
systems and the application of that knowledge to enhance health, lengthen life, and reduce illness and disability (NIH, 2015). The clinical center has
several departments including bioethics, pharmacy, social work, radiology, and many others (Welcome and Overview, 2015). At the Clinical Center
they provide inpatient and outpatient services for customers. They also perform clinical studies or trails to develop new interventions or drug therapies
for illness and disabilities (Welcome and Overview, 2015). The clinical center provides an environment for patient care, training, andclinical research
(Welcome and Overview, 2015). One service provided I found very helpful is the patient advisory group in which former patients can serve as an
advocate for

Hagfish Research Papers
The revolution of technology has made it possible to discover new medical drugs better than centuries before. Since the dawn of time, mankind has
always sought out ways to protect, heal and even prolong their life from even the most death threating of diseases, but as quick as new medical
cures arrive on shelfs, so too does mankind's resistance to these new medical drugs as well. Most drugs today are derived from plant molecules found
on land; such as, aspirin from willow bark, and morphine from poppies (Krajick). Researcher's today look past the land and toward the vast ocean for
answers to today's most common diseases. In understanding more about marine organisms, researchers can unlock beneficial knowledge to discovering
better medical breakthroughs for the future for potential pharmaceutical and therapeutic uses. In history, the use of using marine organisms as an aid to
reduce pain can be traced and used as important information for marine researchers. The... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The most unique thing about the hagfish is its four pea sized hearts that beat independent of each other and these hearts are not regulated by nerves.
It is similar to that of a human heart in embryo form. Dr. Jenson has done a variety of experiments with the hagfish heart and how they work. In his
experiments he removed the heart and placed it under the skin of another hagfish or in salt solution, and the result was always that the heart kept
beating for a few weeks in another host, or a few days in solution. It took eleven years until he uncovered what made the hearts pulse, and called it
eptatretin. In an experiment with using dogs, eptatretin was injected into a dog that had a heart attack and stunningly he was jolted back to live. Before
this powerful heart regulator can be used on humans, it must go through many tested on animals to note any possible unwanted side effects before it
can ever be used on humans. (Berry

Why Inbreeding Isn 't As Bad As You Think
Alasdair, Wilkins. "Why Inbreeding Isn 't as Bad as You Think." Io9. Io9, 30 Dec. 2011. Web. 05 Feb. 2016.. In the article, "Why Inbreeding Isn't
as Bad as You Think", Wilkins debunks the myths behind inbreeding and attributes them to cultural taboos. Wilkins alludes that cousins who are the
first in their family lineage to inbreed have the exact same changes of having healthy offspring as unrelated couples. He then mentions that
marrying a second cousin would greatly increase one 's chance of having healthy offspring. In the article, cousins of inbreeding that are detrimental
to the offspring 's health and mentions that this may occur when inbreeding has happened for long periods of time. It is because both parents may
be carriers of the recessive gene, although 96% of children produced from such mating are health. Wilkins concludes that if anyone traces back
thousands of years, they will find they shared the same ancestors as their partners so everyone in a way, has been exposed to inbreeding. In the
informative article, Wilkins writes for the average reader and shows his bias about cultural taboos when he mentions that there can be disorders but
yet explains that they are not. Firger, Jessica. "Binge Eating Fish Living Links to Obesity in Humans."Newsweek. Newsweek LLc, 14 Aug. 2015.
Web. 04 Feb. 2016. Researchers find that Mexican Cave Fish may be the link to explain obesity in humans. The fish have adapted to an environment in
which food is not available and

The Inhumanity Of Animal Testing
Would you like to see animals suffer everyday because of a lab test? Just imagine seeing pictures and videos of harmless animals being tested and
tortured for human benefits. A research by Cruelty Free International and Dr. Hadwen Trust estimates about 115 million animals are being used in
experiments all around the world each year. Animal testing should be prohibited and not be used for research. The reasons are that the method of
animal testing is very cruel and inhumane. Also most experiments that scientists conduct, do not work and the life of an animal is wasted.
The method of using animals for lab testing is very cruel and inhumane. Studies show that when an animal is in a laboratory, it feels lonely, trapped,
isolated, and the animal is in complete misery. One shocking fact is that the U.S law allows animals to be tortured and killed. They allow scientists to
do whatever they want to the animal to reach their goal. The scientists force the animals to drink chemicals and many other things that can be harmful to
them and that later ends up damaging many parts of the animal's body. Even after the animals endure all the pain, they get put back into their cage
without having anything to stop the pain. Many animals are in danger of losing their lives due to the cruelty and inhumanity of animal testing in labs.
Most of these experiments performed on animals do not work and their life is wasted. Dr. Michael Bracken, professor of epidemiology at Yale
University's School of

Case Study : The Summer Student Program
What's SSP All About?
The Summer Student Program is designed for students who want to immerse themselves in genetics and genomics research. It emphasizes laboratory
discovery, communication of knowledge, and professional growth.
Students participate in an ongoing research program with the support of an experienced scientific mentor. They develop an independent project,
implement their plan, analyze the data, and report the results. At the end of the summer, they present their findings to researchers, other students, and
parents.
One Program, Two Campuses
The Summer Student Program is available at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine and The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine in
Farmington, Connecticut. Outside the laboratory ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To apply go to this link. Read the information on this page. Click on admissions, housing and dining, quick facts and research areas for a detailed
description of the program. https://www.jax.org/education–and–learning/high–school–students–and–undergraduates/learn–earn–and–explore The
STEP–UP Program provides hands–on summer research experience for high school and undergraduate students interested in exploring research careers.
Program Highlights
8 to 10 weeks of full–time research experience
Students receive a summer research stipend
Students are assigned to a STEP–UP Coordinating Center to help coordinate and monitor their summer research experience
Students are paired with experienced research mentors at institutions throughout the nation
Students are encouraged to choose a research institution and/or mentor near their hometown or within commuting distance of their residence. Students
are not required to relocate in order to conduct their summer research.
Students receive training in the responsible conduct of research
All–paid travel expenses to the Annual STEP–UP Research Symposium held on NIH's main campus in Bethesda, Maryland. Students are given the
opportunity to conduct a formal oral and poster presentation.
The STEP–UP Program is a federally funded program managed and supported by the Office of Minority Health Research

Why Do Minors Have The Right?
According to the National Cancer Institute, "In 2014, it is estimated that 15,780 children
and adolescents ages 0 to 19 years will be diagnosed with cancer and 1,960 will die of the
disease in the United States" (National Cancer Institute). This statistic may seem rather small
when compared to the thousands of people in the United States but the number of 1,960 is not
just a statistic, each digit represents the loss of a child, some of theses deaths are avoidable
though. The ongoing battle between minors and their constitutional rights has risen again, the
present battlefield; hospitals. Do minors have the right to refuse a life saving treatment such as
chemotherapy, or is this a matter for parents and doctors? Minors are not ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Under proper treatment, doctors estimate it has a
survivability rate as high as 80% for children." (Hopper, P3). After her prognosis she started her
first round of chemotherapy. After eleven weeks of treatment, she decided she no longer wanted
to go through with this course of treatment, and begged her parents to end it. Makayla wanted to
pursue treatment through alternative medicine. She did not want to suffer through some of the
common chemotherapy side–effects, such as; hair loss, atrophy of the body, weakness, and

nausea. Her decision to quit the treatment was easily supported by her parents, however when
she was withdrawn from the hospitals treatment program they hit a snag. The hospital was not
comfortable letting a child stop chemotherapy and reported the families decision to Canada's
Children's Aid Society. The Society investigated and decided to not intervene and allowed the
family to continue.
" Makayla Sault, a member of the First Nations tribe in Canada, died after suffering a
stroke on Sunday" graced the headline of ABC news on January 22 of 2015 (Mahoney). After
months of alternative medicine treatment Makayla died, and her parents blamed the eleven
weeks of chemotherapy the young girl underwent. ""Makayla was on her way to wellness,
bravely fighting toward holistic well–being after the harsh side effects that 12

The Accomplishment of Gertrude B. Elion
Elion accomplished a lot in her 81 years working. She started out teaching biochemistry at New York hospital school of nursing, and then she was
an unpaid chemistry lab assistant. She stuck with this job, hoping to eventually get paid and even made $20 a week, which is one of the reasons
she was able to attend New York University (Koenig, 2006). She scrimped and saved and had help from her boyfriend, Leonard Canter
(McGrayne, 2002). While in school, she taught as a teacher in training as well as a substitute (Elion, 1988). At the same time she was doing
research for her Master's at night and on the weekends to keep up. She eventually got a job doing analytical work for a food company. She did gain
excellent instrumentation skills in this job even though she thought of it as quite boring. After this, Johnson and Johnson hired her, but that was
short lived. Many people wanted to work with Elion, but she refused many job offers and agreed to work with George Hitchings at Burroughs
Wellcome Company. IV: Scientific Contributions George Hitchings allowed Elion a lot more freedom. She was able to perform research at her own
pace, which she loved because she was highly motivated to learn as much as possible, as fast as possible. She got involved with areas outside of
chemistry, like immunology, pharmacology, and virology (McGrayne, 2002). Little was known about enzymes or nucleic acids at the time, so her
main focus was on purines. Hitchings would always let Elion know that he was

Essay Gender and the Rates of Cancer
Cancer is very prevalent in America. It is one of the many diseases still left without a cure. Men and women all the around world are affected by this
disease as it continues to spread. There are many different types of cancer that impact both men and women such as pancreatic, lung, breast, skin, and
many more types of cancer. Bailar and Gornik say that despite decades of basic and clinical research and trials of promising new therapies, cancer
remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality (1997). Whether you are male or female, cancer has the ability to terminate any one's life. Since
cancer is such a strong disease, many questions arise. One question is are females more prone to worry about cancer than males? Do males have higher
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
White women rates increased 0.4% per year from 1970–1984 and remained stable between 1984 and 1998. For black men, the rates increased 0.5% per
year from 1970–1989 and decreased by 0.9% per year through 2009. For black women, the rate increased by 1.3% per year between 1970–1989 and
decreased 0.5% through 2009 (Ma, Siegel, and Jemal, 2013).
Sample and Delivery The HINTS data was collected by a survey that provides changing patterns, needs, and information opportunities in health,
identifies changing communications trends and practices and assesses cancer information access and usage. Hints collects nationally representative
date routinely about the American public's use of cancer–related information. The Hints data was created to monitor changes in the rapidly evolving
field of health communication. (HINTS website, 2014). Program planners are using the data to overcome barriers to health information usage across
populations. The HINTS data set sampled adults from underserved ethnic and minority populations. Altogether, 13,260 people have been sampled.
HINTS began in 2003, with a nationally representative sample of 6,369 U.S. adults, including an over–sampling of key underserved ethnic and
minority populations (Hints.com).
Variables
The variables were collected from the HINTS dataset. The variables selected were "Are you male or female" and "In general, I depend on numbers
and statistics to help

Children With Scis And Caregivers Living
This project is developed to educate patients with SCIs and caregivers living in the New York City (NYC) and Long Island areas of New York as they
are the primary audiences. Data that will be collected are responses of face–to–face interview questions to patients that center on function in daily
living. These questions will be evaluated to determine the appropriate resources gathered for them along with the agency based on the responses. The
awareness of these resources can help people living with SCIs reduce developing conditions that affect their mental and social health, such as
depression (World Health Organization, 2015). The project will specifically benefit persons living with SCIs and their caregivers because they can
become ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As well, I am able to provide the resources that I have gathered relating to SCIs to patients and others impacted by it.
A health theory that applies to the project on SCIs is the social cognitive theory because it "describes a dynamic, ongoing process in which personal
factors, environmental factors, and human behavior exert influence upon each other" (National Cancer Institute, pp. 19, 2005). Three main factors of
the social cognitive theory that affect the likelihood of a person performing a behavior are self–efficacy, goals, and outcome expectancies (National
Cancer Institute, pp. 20, 2005). A goal of this project is to help improve or maintain the self–efficacy of people living with SCIs and their caregivers,
leading to them to have a better quality of life. Self–efficacy is defined as confidence in the ability of a person to overcome barriers and take action
(National Cancer Institute, pp. 20, 2005). The projected outcomes benefitting the agency and me, stated earlier in this section, can assist patients living
with SCIs and their caregivers achieve confidence in performing the expected behavior, which is to utilize the resources that they are provided. This
can lead to the improvement of the function of the patient, which implies the benefit of their physical, mental and

Childhood Obesity : An Epidemic
Childhood Obesity
Childhood obesity is more than a major issue in the United States: it is an epidemic. The number of overweight and obese children in America has
increased at an alarming rate over the past years. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, childhood obesity has more than
doubled in children and tripled in adolescents in the past 30 years [1]. American Heart Association stated, "Today one in three American kids and teens
are overweight or obese; nearly triple the rate in 1963" [5]. Unfortunately, this affects our children physically, mentally, and long
–term.
Obesity is not specifically just being a few pounds overweight. A child is considered obese when his or her weight, compared to height, is abnormal
by ten pounds or more. This is a growing issue in children ages 7–17 and is getting worse. The most effective methods of hindering this epidemic are
by mandating a quality and nutritious school lunch program, increasing childhood activity initiatives, and educating caretakers at home. Schools play
an important role in promoting physical activity and healthy eating habits, which are a fundamental component of the American educational
experience. Mrs. Michelle Obama's "We Can" program is great for children in every shape and form [4]. The "We Can" program stands for ways to
enhance children 's activity & nutrition. It is a national movement designed to give parents, caregivers, and entire communities a way to help children 8
to 13

Traveling With Cancer
43 children per day or 15,780 children per year are expected to be diagnosed with cancer (Arms Wide Open Childhood Cancer Foundation). Cancer
is an everyday struggle that families go through. The Fault in Our Stars is a novel written by John Green. Its purpose is to portray a teenagers life
with cancer. This book brings the reader's eye to eye with cancer patients Hazel and Augustus, and walks through the life and everyday struggle that
one faces.The Fault in Our Stars uses a realistic fiction story to accurately depict traveling with cancer, the support from others, and having a social life.
Green accurately portrays the struggle of traveling with cancer. Current advice regarding traveling with cancer argues that " Long flights pose a risk
of blood clots for every patient which may increase the risk of medical attention. A patient should also verify the health insurance, get assistance
throughout the flight, be prepared for infection, and consult with your medical team" ( McDonnell ). Mcdonnell offers information on how it is
difficult to cope with cancer in air services. The same type of situation is seen in The Fault in Our Stars when Augustus and Hazel wish to fly to
Amsterdam. Because of Hazel's lung cancer, it enabled her from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Everyday children are diagnosed to cancer, and families are learning how to support their child. These difficulties may be unknown to a new reader.
By reading Green's novel, a reader can take away the struggle of traveling with cancer and the support that a patient will always have. Additionally,
readers can understand cancer patients are prone to an optimistic outlook in the world. As a reader of The Fault in Our Stars is easy to connect
personal history too and similar events like the dysfunctions of cancer.Any reader can take away great lessons and the disadvantages to having serious
medical

A Process Evaluation For A Comprehensive Breast Cancer...
The article that is being analyzed is titled: Designing a process evaluation for a comprehensive breast cancer screening intervention: Challenges and
opportunities, the authors are Claire J. Vivadro, Jo Anne L. Earp and Mary Altpeter, and the article was published 1997 in the Evaluation and Program
Planning, Vol. 20 No. 3 pages 237– 249.
The North Carolina–Based Breast Cancer Screening Program (NC–BCSP) was questioning if they could increase African–American women's access to
breast cancer screening, would this help women determine their risk factors and seek further screening process? The goal was to decrease the
obstructions of the women in North Carolina to everyday health care, but at the same time increase women's access to breast cancer screening, while
making connections that could help women across the state. The evaluated outcomes was to implement an education process so that there was a
tracking system that would determine if the participants were at the human health center and clinic for their initial visit or a repeat visitor.
The NC–BCSP is a National Cancer Institute (NCI) sponsored undertaking that was designed to increase African–American women of five (5) counties
in North Carolina, access to education and services for breast cancer screening processes. The NC–BCSP had designed the program to focus on women
50 years old or older. The objective was to be completed through three categories. Those categories were: InReach, Access and OutReach, The InReach

Cancer Is Defined By The National Cancer Institute
Cancer is defined by the National Cancer Institute as "the name given to a collection of related diseases. In all types of cancer, some of the body's
cells begin to divide without stopping and spread into surrounding tissues." Cancer can develop at almost any part of the human body and anyone can
develop cancer, although risk typically increases with age because most cancers tend to require many years to develop. "Normally, human cells
grow and divide to form new cells as the body needs them. When cells grow old or become damaged, they die, and new cells take their place. When
cancer develops, however, this orderly process breaks down. As cells become more and more abnormal, old or damaged cells survive when they
should die, and new cells form when they are not needed. These extra cells can divide without stopping and may form growths called tumors"
(cancer.gov). Cancerous tumors are defined as malignant meaning that they can spread to nearby tissues or metastasize to distant places in places
within the body and form new cancerous tumors. There are over 100 forms of cancer and they are usually named after the organs or tissues where
the cancers originate. Staging of cancer is used to "describe the severity of a person's cancer based on the size and/or extent (reach) of the original
(primary) tumor and whether or not cancer has spread in the body" (cancer.gov). The importance's of staging cancer is to assist the doctor with
planning appropriate treatments to fight the cancer

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