Transformation of a shape - enlargement

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Enlargement
A
A’
Shape A’ is an enlargement of shape A.
The length of each side in shape A’ is 2 × the length of each
side in shape A.
Shape A has been enlarged by a scale factor of 2.

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Congruence and similarity
If two shapes are congruent, they are the same shape and size.
Corresponding lengths and angles are equal.
In an enlarged shape, the corresponding angles
are the same but the lengths are different.
The object and its image are similar.
This is different to
reflections, rotations and
translations, which produce
images that are congruent
to the original shape.
Is an enlargement congruent to the original object?
A
A’

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Enlargement
When a shape is enlarged, any length in the image
divided by the corresponding length in the original
shape (the object) is equal to the scale factor.
A
B
C
A’
B’
C’
=
B’C’
BC
=
A’C’
AC
= the scale factor
A’B’
AB
4cm
6cm
8cm
9cm
6cm
12cm
6
4
=
12
8
=
9
6
= 1.5

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Scale factors between 0 and 1
What happens when the scale factor for an enlargement
is between 1 and 0?
When the scale factor is between 1 and 0, the enlargement
will be smaller than the original object.
Although there is a reduction in size, the transformation is
still called an enlargement.
For example,
E
E’
Scale factor =
4
6
2
3
=

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This example shows the shape ABCD enlarged by a scale
factor of –2 about the centre of enlargement O.
O
A
B
C
D
Negative scale factors
When the scale factor is negative the enlargement is on
the opposite side of the centre of enlargement.
A’
D’
B’
C’

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The centre of enlargement
To define an enlargement we must be given a scale factor
and a centre of enlargement.
For example, enlarge triangle ABC by a scale factor of 2 from
the centre of enlargement O.
O
A
C
B
OA’
OA
=
OB’
OB
=
OC’
OC
2
A’
C’
B’
=

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Finding the centre of enlargement

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Practice

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Practice

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Practice

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Summary

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Summary