CSF Anlaysis

2. General exam of CSF
• A. Physical examination
• B. Microscopic examination
• C. Chemical examination
• D. Microbiological examination
• E. Immunological examination

3. Normal Composition of CSF

4. Sample collection
CSF is obtained by the following techniques:
• Lumbar puncture
• Cisternal puncture
• Ventricular cannulas or shunts
• Lateral cervical puncture

5. CSF findings in health & meningitis.

6. Conditions causing increased neutrophils in CSF
• Bacterial meningitis
• Brain abscess
• Brain infarct
• Repeated lumbar puncture

7. • Conditions causing increased lymphocytes in CSF
i. Viral meningitis
ii. Tuberculous meningitis
iii. Parasitic meningitis
iv. Fungal infections
Conditions causing plasma cells in CSF
i. Tuberculous meningitis
ii. ii. Syphilitic meningoencephalitis
iii. Multiple myeloma
iv. Malignant brain tumours

8. Conditions causing malignant cells in CSF
i. Metastatic cancers
ii. Leukaemias
iii. Lymphomas
iv. Medulloblastoma
v. Ependymoma

9. Immunological Examination CSF
i. Viral inclusions by immunostains
ii. PCR for viral DNA and tuberculosis
iii. ELISA for tuberculosis
iv. VDRL for syphilis.