History of Treatment of Mental Illnesses is interesting. Concept of Split Brain function is thought provoking. Brain testing is enjoyable experience

3. Dorothea Lynde Dix (1802 –1887)
• Dorothea Dix – American
activist - Superintendent of
Army Nurses.
• Opened first Lunatic Asylum
for the mentally ill
• Trenton, New Jersey, 1848
• She suffered debilitating
mental breakdowns
• Eventually admitted to the
same Hospital
WORLD MENTAL HEALTH DAY - 10 October

4. Therapy for Mental Illness
• Jules Wagner-Jauregg (University of Vienna)
• Observation - Mental symptoms disappeared
in mental patients ill with Fever
• He injected malarial blood into mentally ill
patients to induce fever
• Fever - therapy was dangerous
• No effective Malaria Rx
• Killing about 15% of patients
• So it was abandoned
• Received the Nobel Prize in 1927

5. Phineas Gage 1823 - 1860
• American railroad construction foreman - Blaster
• 1848 - Rock blasting accident with a large iron rod
3 feet 7 inches long and 3.2cm diameter, 6kg
• Pierced through his head, destroying his brain
• He was conscious and able to walk within minutes
of the accident. Taken to Hospital

6. Phineas Gage 1823 - 1860
• Operated for removal of bone pieces and
part of the brain
• Comatose for 14 days
• Miraculously recovered
• Personality changed after brain injury

7. The Transformation
• Before – Hard working responsible
• He was favorite, efficient, capable
• After – Mind changed, vulgar, indecent
• Psychopath – Aggressive and violent,
drinking, lying, brawling, Unacceptable
• Died due to Status Epilepticus
• 12 yrs after his injury
• This case gave newer approaches for
treatment of Mental Illnesses

8. Antonio Egas Moniz 1874 – 1955
• Portuguese Neurologist
• First Cerebral angiography - 1927
• 1935 – First lobotomy of Frontal Lobe
• To change the mindset of violent patients
• 20 patients who had suffered from anxiety,
depression, schizophrenia.
• Used crude hammer and chisel

9. Antonio Egas Moniz 1874 – 1955
• Drilled holes in the skull on both sides
• Injected alcohol to destroy nerve fibers
• Leucotome – Extend a metal loop inside to cut
the brain parts
• Tried on Murder Convicts of the prison
• Shot by one of his patients in spine
• He became paraplegic - on wheelchair

10. Antonio Egas Moniz 1874 – 1955
First Portuguese - Nobel Prize in 1949

11. Dr. Walter J Freeman 1895 - 1972
• American Physician, Neurologist
• Yale university (Not a Surgeon)
• Lobotomy to disconnect Thalamus
(Emotional Brain) from the Frontal
lobe – (Thinking brain)
• To calm patients emotions and
stabilize their personalities without
changing their intelligence and
motor functions.
• Trans-orbital approach

12. The Trans-orbital approach
• Ice Pick Lobotomy – Transorbital
• Electro-convulsive shock before surgery
• To reach the frontal lobe through the tear ducts.
• The Ice-pick would then be scrambled from side
to side in order to damage the frontal lobe

13. Transorbital lobotomy
• Blind dissection of the brain
• Lobotomobile – Operation Van
• High Mortality and Morbidity
• Done in 10 minutes, anywhere, without
anaesthesia, without asepsis and without the
assistance of a surgeon.
• Despite a 14 per cent fatality
rate, Freeman performed 3,439
lobotomies.
• Total 40000 done in US.

14. Rosemary Kennedy
• Sister of President John F Kennedy, 23 yrs
• Violent Mood swings and rebellious.
• Erratic behavior in convent school
• Considered psychologically unstable by her family
• 1941 - Lobotomy done by Dr. Freeman to calm her
• She was conscious during the procedure
• They asked her to recite National anthem
• Continued till she stopped responding
• There was a big mistake….

15. Fate of Rosemary Kennedy
• She Became vegetative
• Poor Brain functions like an infant
• Unable to speak or walk
• Lived in Psychiatric hospital
• Died at 86 yrs in same status
• Eunice Kennedy became an activist
in the field of mental retardation.
• She founded the Special Olympics
for mentally disabled athletes
Lobotomies were banned after the death of a patient of
Dr. Freeman due to brain Haemorrhage - 1967

16. Charles Whitman 1941 -1966
• Charles Whitman, 25yrs, US Marine
corps and Engineering student
• Stayed away from his father (Rude)
• Loved his mother and wife
• Good Student of Marine services
• Noticed Sudden change in his behavior,
consulted five Psychiatrists
• ‘I have been a victim of many unusual
and irrational thoughts’
• He was consuming large doses of
Dexdrine – Amphetamine

17. The Unexpected fate…
• 1st Aug 1966 - Killed his mother
and wife in sleep by stabbing them
• He wrote letters beside his mother
and wife after killing them.
• He mentioned – ‘He loved them,
and wanted them to be safe in
heaven’
• Then he went to the Texas
University

18. Texas University Shootout Case
• Went to top of Texas University
• Killed 3 people on the way
• Fired at innocent people for 96min, killing 14
people and injuring 32.
• He was shot dead by the police

19. Brain ib6aD
• He had requested for autopsy
after his death to find out reason
of his headaches and moods.
• There was a Frontal lobe tumor,
Astrocytoma pressing on the
amagdala
• It could have contributed to his
inability to control his emotions
and actions.
• Excess of Dexdrine

20. MALASIAN FLIGHT 370

21. SPLIT – BRAIN
• Roger W. Sperry, Neuropsychologist
• Nobel Prize in 1981
• “Split-Brain” studies on cats
• Different functions of Left and Right Brain
• Both sides are involved in each function
differently
• One side may dominate other
• Personality change with Rt or Lt ?

22. TEST MY BRAIN

23. TEST MY BRAIN

24. START THE TEST…

25. FIND A HUMAN FIGURE IN HERE..

26. STROOP EFFECT – READ THE COLOR

27. Read Fast…

28. Count the F

29. FIND THE MISTAKE

30. READ THIS

31. Which Grey is Darker?

32. In 1981, Israeli artist Isia Leviant
Made a painting called The Enigma

33. Hermann grid illusion

34. Motion-induced blindness

35. DISTORTION TEST

36. OPTICAL ILLUSIONS

37. Mueller-Lyer Illusion

38. Jastrow Illusion

39. Kanizsa Triangle

40. Sander illusion

41. Ebbinghaus Illusion

42. Zollner's illusion

43. A TWIST

44. LOOK IN THE CENTER
THE BALL TURNS GREEN?

45. Four Perfectly Round Circles

46. Who is he?

50. • Lift your Right foot
• Make Clockwise Circles
• Lift your Right hand
• Draw Number SIX
• Check your Right foot