hemoptysis is the expectoration of blood from the lower respiratory tract, most commonly occurs as a result of a pulmonary infection (tuberculosis), while lung cancer is the second most frequent cause of hemoptysis. for more informations you can read the following file.

1. Hemoptysis
Ghadeer Ismail Eideh
Supervised by Dr. Ashraf Al Zughayyer.
21-sep-2022
From: step up to medicine

2. Outlines:
Definition
1
Diagnosis
2
Treatment
3

3. Definition
Defined as expectoration of blood;
hemoptysis varies widely in
severity and medical significance.
The amount of blood does not
necessarily correspond with the
gravity of the underlying cause.

4. Hemoptysis

5. Differential diagnosis
01 02
06
05 04
03
Bronchitis (50% of cases)
Lung cancer (bronchogenic
carcinoma)
TB
Bronchiectasis
Pneumonia
Goodpasture
syndrome (anti-GBM
antibody disease)

6. Differential diagnosis
07
09
08
10
PE with pulmonary
infarction
Hemophilia
Aspergilloma within cavities
Mitral stenosis
(elevated
pulmonary venous
pressure)

7. Diagnosis

8. Diagnosis
1.Verify that hemoptysis has truly occurred.
For example, superficial mouth lacerations, epistaxis, or hematemesis
may be confused with hemoptysis.
2. History and physical
a. Fever, night sweats, and weight loss suggest TB.
b. Fevers and chills or a history of HIV suggests either pneumonia or
TB.
c. Look for risk factors for PE.
d. In the presence of acute renal failure or hematuria, Goodpasture
syndrome should be considered.

9. Diagnosis
3. Diagnostic studies
a.CXR
• May be a clear indicator of a pathogenic process or even diagnostic—for example,
if fungus ball, irregular mass, granuloma, or opacity consistent with pulmonary
infarction is present.
• A normal CXR does not exclude a serious condition, especially PE and even lung
cancer.
b. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy
• Should be performed even if CXR is normal and if there is a significant clinical
suspicion for lung carcinoma.
• Look for a small tumor that may not be evident on a radiograph.
• May localize the site of bleeding.
4. CT of chest—performed as a complement to bronchoscopy or as a substitute if
there are contraindications to bronchoscopy.

10. Treatment

11. Treatment
1. Treat the underlying cause.
2. Suppress the cough if it is aggravating the hemoptysis.
3. Correct bleeding diathesis (although anticoagulation is the
treatment for PE).

12. Thank you