Gymnosperms produce a large amount of pollen because gymnosperms rely on wind for pollination each egg in the female gametophyte must be fertilized at least two times bees eat large amounts of gymnosperm pollen gymnosperm pollen has a very short life span and must be continuously produced Why do non-seed plants need to live in a relatively moist environment? they lack a waxy cuticle on roots gametophytes are dependent on sporophytes extra water supports production of flowers spores only produce gametes by meiosis in the presence of water sperm movement requires water .