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Macroeconomics
Lecture 18
Light
Four Types of Goods
Five Ages
Questions
New Capital
Human
Physical
Intellectual
Financial
Cultural
Price
Level
Quantity of Output
LRAS1
Y1
LRAS2
Y3
LRAS3
Y3
P1
P2
P3
Aggregate Demand
Fiscal & Monetary
Aggregate Supply
Innovation
Four Types of Goods
Private Goods
Public Goods
Common Resources
Club Goods
Some goods do not have
prices
How much should we
produce?
Government policy
Private Goods
Goods that are excludable
and rival in consumption.
Can exclude others
If I consume, you cannot
Excludable
Can people be prevented
from using the good?
Yes
No
Rivalry in Consumption
Can one person’s use of a
good reduce others use?
Can two people consume at
the same time without
reducing?
Exclude others
When I
consume it
diminishes
Public Goods
Goods that are neither excludable
nor rival in consumption.
Cannot exclude
Everyone can consume without
reducing amount
Free Rider
a person who
receives a benefit
but does not pay for
it
National Defense
Basic Research
Everybody Benefits
Common Resources
Goods that rival in
consumption but are not
excludable
Cannot exclude others
If I consume, you cannot
Common
Resource
Drink as fast
as possible
before it
runs out
Private Good
Each person has his own cup
Which method will
incentivize people
to not waste the resource?
Share one cup
Each person gets
their own cup
Tragedy of the Commons
If everyone owns it,
no one owns it
Privatize the commons
Property Rights
Reduce contention
Create wealth
Club Goods
Goods that are excludable
but not rival in consumption
Can exclude others
Everyone can consume
without reducing amount
Rival in Consumption?
Yes No
Yes
No
Excludable?
Private Goods
Common
Resources
Club Goods
Public Goods
Snickers Bar
Car
Pizza
Satellite TV
Paintings
Fireworks
National DefenseFish in Ocean
Air
Is it reduced when one person consumes?
Can people be
prevented from
consuming?
Born to Choose
Middle English chosen, from Old English
ceosan; akin to Old High German kiosan
to choose, Latin gustare to taste.
Asset
Value toYou
Capital
Value to Others
Assets
Capital

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Macro 18