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Lecture 25
The Economic History of the United States
Quiz 8
Rescheduled
11/21 to 12/5
Basic Economics
Macro Micro
Microeconomics
Demand
Supply
Equilibrium
Demand
Price Quantity
$2 25
$5 20
$7 15
$10 12
$12 10
$15 7
$18 5
$20 3
$25 1
$0
$5
$10
$15
$20
$25
0 5 10 15 20 25
Quantity
Price
Price Quantity
$2 25
$5 20
$7 15
$10 12
$12 10
$15 7
$18 5
$20 3
$25 1
Value - Willing to Pay
Price
Consumer Surplus
$20
$15
$5
Consumer Surplus
Area above the price line
and below the demand
curve
$0
$5
$10
$15
$20
$25
0 5 10 15 20 25
Quantity
Price
Consumer
Surplus
($15 x 15 ) ÷ 2
= $112.50
$10 x 15
= $150
$0
$5
$10
$15
$20
$25
0 5 10 15 20 25
Quantity
Price
Consumer
Surplus
($20 x 20 ) ÷ 2
= $200
$5 x 20
= $100
$0
$5
$10
$15
$20
$25
0 5 10 15 20 25
Quantity
Price
($5 x 5 ) ÷ 2
= $12.50
$20 x 5
= $100
Change in Price
Change in Quantity
Demanded
Shift in Demand
Income
Population
Price of Substitutes
Price of Complements
Expectations
Tastes
Quantity
Price
Shift in Demand
Supply
The Law of Supply
As price increases the
quantity supplied
increases
Producer Surplus
Area below the price line
and above the supply
curve
$0
$5
$10
$15
$20
$25
0 5 10 15 20 25
Quantity
Price
Producer
Surplus
($9 x 15 ) ÷ 2
= $63
$0
$5
$10
$15
$20
$25
0 5 10 15 20 25
Quantity
Price
Producer
Surplus
($14 x 23 ) ÷ 2
= $161
Shift in Supply
Innovation
Taxes and Subsidies
Expectations
Entry or Exit of Producers
Changes in Costs
Quantity
Price
Shift in Supply
The Law of Demand
As price increases the
quantity demanded
decreases
$0
$5
$10
$15
$20
$25
0 5 10 15 20 25
Quantity
Price
Supply
Producer Surplus
Area below the price line
and above the supply
curve
$0
$5
$10
$15
$20
$25
0 5 10 15 20 25
Quantity
Price
Producer
Surplus
($9 x 15 ) ÷ 2
= $63
$0
$5
$10
$15
$20
$25
0 5 10 15 20 25
Quantity
Price
Producer
Surplus
($14 x 23 ) ÷ 2
= $161
Shift in Supply
Innovation
Taxes and Subsidies
Expectations
Entry or Exit of Producers
Changes in Costs
Quantity
Price
Shift in Supply
$0
$5
$10
$15
$20
$25
0 5 10 15 20 25
Quantity
Price
Market
Supply and Demand
$0
$5
$10
$15
$20
$25
0 5 10 15 20 25
Quantity
Price
Complements
goods or services
that are
used together
Complements
Substitutes
goods or services
that can be used for the
same purpose
Normal Good
Demand increases
as income rises and
decreases as income falls
Inferior Good
Demand decreases
as income rises and
increases as income falls
Price
Supply
Demand
Market Price
Quantity
Price Controls
QD = Qs
Qm
Maximum
Ceiling
Controlled Price
Qd
Qs
Shortage
Price
Supply
Demand
Market Price
Quantity
Price Controls
QD = Qs
Qm
Minimum
Floor
Controlled Price
Qd Qs
Surplus
Wage
Supply
Demand
$12
Quantity
Wage Controls
150
Minimum
Floor
Minimum Wage $20
100 200
Raise Fired Not Hired

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