One of the most common questions the general public asks about intimate partner violence (ipv) is "Why does she stay?" Several important factors need to be mentioned in this regard. First, women do leave abusive relationships. In fact, they leave and return multiple times. ( Be wary of any resource that quotes an exact or average number of times that survivors leave. The reality is that we really don't know, other than it appears to be multiple times for many women .) Second, when someone asks "Why doesn't she leave?" they are making the very dangerous mistake of assuming that to leave a violent relationship will cause the violence to cease. According to the American Psychological Association Presidential Task Force on Violence and the Family (1996), "Many people still believe that the problem of battering can be solved by separation, but the risk of serious or lethal violence may actually increase after separation" (39). The greatest risk for serious injury or death from violence is at the point of separation or at the time when the decision to separate is made. Data from a U.S. Department of Justice national Crime Victimization Survey indicates that among women who were victims of violent assault by an intimate partner, women reported that the offender was an ex-spouse almost half as many times as they reported that the offender was a spouse" (American Psychological Association Presidential Task Force on Violence and the Family, 1996, p. 39). The reality is that for a large number of survivors to leave a violent relationship does not make things better, rather, it makes things worse. Please see the attached handout, Examples of the Types of Violence Occuring At Separation (linked below) . A third factor to be considered in this discussion involves the very nature of the question "Why does she stay?" Very rarely do people ask, "Why does he batter?, or "Why doesn't he leave?" Many grassroots activists and feminists believe that to ask "Why does she stay?" is actually victim blaming and fails to hold the abuser accountable for his behavior. In Module 1 , Lawrence Green and his colleagues identified three types of factors that can affect the help-seeking process by either encouraging or discouraging action: Predisposing factors – attitudes, perceptions, or beliefs that either facilitate or hinder personal motivation to act Enabling  factors --factors that either help by their presence or hinder by their absence like the ability to obtain necessary assistance (limited facilities, inadequate personnel, lack of funds)  Reinforcing factors  – characteristics of services or attitudes of caregivers that assist in decision-making like the feedback or attention received. Linked below is the handout Barriers to Leaving which outlines numerous factors or "barriers" that should be considered when examining the difficulties in leaving an abusive relationship. This list of barriers can be combined with Green’s et. al. work to help explain the cha.

1. One of the most common questions the general public asks
about intimate partner violence (ipv) is "Why does she stay?"
Several important factors need to be mentioned in this regard.
First, women do leave abusive relationships. In fact, they leave
and return multiple times. (
Be wary of any resource that quotes an exact or average number
of times that survivors leave. The reality is that we really don't
know, other than it appears to be multiple times for many
women
.)
Second, when someone asks "Why doesn't she leave?" they are
making the very dangerous mistake of assuming that to leave a
violent relationship will cause the violence to cease. According
to the American Psychological Association Presidential Task
Force on Violence and the Family (1996), "Many people still
believe that the problem of battering can be solved by
separation, but the risk of serious or lethal violence may
actually increase after separation" (39).
The greatest risk for serious injury or death from violence is at
the point of separation or at the time when the decision to
separate is made. Data from a U.S. Department of Justice
national Crime Victimization Survey indicates that among
women who were victims of violent assault by an intimate
partner, women reported that the offender was an ex-spouse
almost half as many times as they reported that the offender was
a spouse" (American Psychological Association Presidential
Task Force on Violence and the Family, 1996, p. 39). The
reality is that for a large number of survivors to leave a violent
relationship does not make things better, rather, it makes things
worse. Please see the attached handout,
Examples of the Types of Violence Occuring At Separation
(linked below)
.
A third factor to be considered in this discussion involves the

2. very nature of the question "Why does she stay?" Very rarely do
people ask, "Why does he batter?, or "Why doesn't he leave?"
Many grassroots activists and feminists believe that to ask
"Why does she stay?" is actually victim blaming and fails to
hold the abuser accountable for his behavior.
In
Module 1
, Lawrence Green and his colleagues identified three types of
factors that can affect the help-seeking process by either
encouraging or discouraging action:
Predisposing factors
– attitudes, perceptions, or beliefs that either facilitate or
hinder personal motivation to act
Enabling factors
--factors that either help by their presence or hinder by their
absence like the ability to obtain necessary assistance (limited
facilities, inadequate personnel, lack of funds)
Reinforcing factors
– characteristics of services or attitudes of caregivers that
assist in decision-making like the feedback or attention
received.
Linked below is the handout
Barriers to Leaving
which outlines numerous factors or "barriers" that should be
considered when examining the difficulties in leaving an
abusive relationship. This list of barriers can be combined with
Green’s et. al. work to help explain the challenges that
survivors face in their help-seeking process.
For this purposes of this discussion topic please complete the
following:
1. Take a look at the Lisa Steinberg/Hedda Nussbaum Case
Study listed in Module 1 along with the linked handouts to this

3. conference topic.
2. Respond to the following questions:
a) Explain the issues affecting the help-seeking behavior of
Hedda Nussbaum, including issues in the victim and offender
response system that inhibited appropriate intervention
b) Do you think the question "Why does she stay is victim
blaming? Why or why not?
3. Please support your response with resources (including in-
text citations).
Examples of the Types of Violence Occurring At Separation
/content/enforced/50634-013924-01-2152-OL4-7980/BEHS 453
Examples of Types of Violence Occurring at Separation.rtf
Barriers to Leaving
/content/enforced/50634-013924-01-2152-OL4-7980/BEHS 453
Barriers to Leaving.rtf
Reference
American Psychological Association Presidential Task Force on
Violence and the Family. (1996).
Violence and the family
. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.