This document discusses chemoprevention for cancer. It defines chemoprevention as using chemicals to interfere with cell division processes so cancer cells commit suicide. Chemoprevention is divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention based on risk levels. The ideal chemopreventive agent is inexpensive, safe, and effective with minimal side effects for long-term use. The document then discusses how chemoprevention works on tumor cells and by histone modifications. It describes epigenetic therapy and drugs used for this therapy. Finally, it discusses how phytochemicals from plants like green tea, curcumin, caffeine, and gingerol can also help prevent cancer.

1. Welcome 
To
Presentation

2. • Foysal Ahmed
University of Development Alternative , Dhaka

3. CHEMOPREVENTION
The term "chemoprevention" refers utilizes chemicals that interfere with the
cell division process - damaging proteins or DNA - so that cancer cells will
commit suicide.
Chemoprevention is divided into three groups:
Primary prevention - These individuals may have a history that puts them at
higher risk, such as a history of smoking or particular genetic mutations
predisposing them to cancer development.
Secondary prevention -Involves patients who have known premalignant (pre-
cancerous) lesions utilizing medications or vitamins in an attempt to prevent
the progression of these lesions into cancers.
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4. • Tertiary prevention - Focuses on the prevention of new cancers in
patients cured of an initial cancer or individuals who have been
treated for premalignant lesions.
• The ideal chemopreventive agent will not significantly alter quality of
life, is inexpensive, safe, well tolerated, and effective. However, some
chemopreventive drugs may have severe side effects in some
patients, which is an issue when considering long-term administration
of a compound to healthy people who may or may not develop
cancer.

5. Chemoprevention On Tumor Cell
• Cell growth by miosotis ,If miosotis get any wrong signal then it will
produce wrong / faulty cell so cancer cell grow.By identify the
wrong signaling we can prevent cancer. These components regulate
the molecules in the cell signal transduction pathways including
• MAPK(Mitogen Activated Protien Kinase),
• PKC-(Protien Kinase C),
• P13K-(Phosphoinositide-13-Kinase),
• GSK-(Glycogen Synthax Kinase) pathways.
• By modulating cell signaling pathways, these components, among
other mechanisms, activate cell death signals and induce apoptosis
in precancerous or cancer cells, resulting in the inhibition of cancer
development and/or progression.

6. Chemoprevention By Histone
Modifications
• It is now widely recognized that epigenetic events are important
mechanisms underlying cancer development and progression.
Epigenetic information in chromatin includes covalent modifications
(such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and
ubiquitination) of core nucleosomal proteins (histones). Histone
modifications and other epigenetic mechanisms appear to work
together in establishing and maintaining gene activity states, thus
regulating a wide range of cellular processes. Different histone
modifications themselves act in a coordinated and orderly fashion
to regulate cellular processes such as gene transcription, DNA
replication, and DNA repair. Alterations in the function of histone-
modifying complexes are believed to disrupt the pattern and levels
of histone marks and consequently deregulate the control of
chromatin-based processes, ultimately leading to oncogenic
transformation and the development of cancer.

7. Epigenetic Therapy
• Skin, eyes, teeth, and hair all look different, but they contain exactly
the same genetic information known as epigenetic.
• It turns out that there are two kinds of modifications that can affect
DNA. One is a biochemical modification that attaches straight to
DNA itself, the most understood of which right now is DNA
methylation. The other key event is the fact that DNA is wrapped
around a series of proteins called histones. If these proteins hug the
DNA very tightly, then it is hidden from view for the cell. A gene
that is hidden cannot be utilized. It is the same as having a dead
gene or a mutated gene. These are the kinds of things that can
regulate gene expression and also become abnormal in cancer.

8. • The idea of epigenetic therapy is to stay away from killing the cell. Rather,
what we are trying to do is diplomacy, to change the instructions of the
cancer cells. You see, cancer cells start out as normal cells. They have the
set of instructions that is present in every one of our cells.
• Drugs Use for This Therapy
• 5-Azacuytidine
• Vorinostal
• EGCG (Epigallocatechin gallate)
• Procainan

9. Phytotherapy For Chemoprevention
• Recent studies indicate that receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), which play
important roles in cell proliferation, are one of the possible targets of green
tea catechins (GTCs) in cancer cell growth inhibition. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-
gallate (EGCG), the major catechin in green tea, inhibits cell proliferation
and induces apoptosis in various types of cancer cells, including colorectal
cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma cells, by blocking the activation of the
epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of RTKs. EGCG inhibits the
activation of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and VEGFR2, the
other members of the RTK family, and this effect is also associated with the
anticancer and chemopreventive properties of this agent.
Curcumini, Caffeine, Gingerol also help in cancer prevention .

10. 
 THANK YOU 
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