2. 2
6.1 Introduction to Database
At the end of this topic,
students should be able to:
1. define
● Database
● Database Management System (DBMS)
2. describe advantages and disadvantages of database
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Learning
Outcome
3. 3
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6.1 Introduction to Database
Database
● can be define as ;
● an integrated collection of related data OR
● collection of data organized in a manner that allows access,
retrieval, and use of that data – Shelly & Varmaat, 2012, OR
● a collection of data, manage and organized by a database
management system – Petersen, 2002
● related data, e.g. : information stored in University
(students, courses, faculty, students taking courses,
faculty teaching courses … )
● integrated: all data is stored in a uniform way on
secondary storage.
4. 4
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6.1 Introduction to Database
Database Management System (DBMS)
● can be define as ;
● a collection of programs that is used to create, maintain and
manipulate data in the database, OR
● specific type of software for creating, storing, organizing and
accessing data from a database.
● provide an interface between the database and its users
and other application programs
● DBA, a database administrator is the people
responsible for managing database, who sets up and
manage a database.
9. 9
File System versus Databases
Almost all application programs use either these two
approaches (in managing data and information);
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6.1 Introduction to Database
File System Database System
10. 10
● each department in an organization has its own set
of files.
● the records in one file may not relate to the records
in any other file.
● organizations have used file processing systems for
many years.
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6.1 Introduction to Database
File System
11. 11
● each department in an organization has its own set
of files Weakness#1 , redundancy of data
● the records in one file may not relate to the records
in any other file. Weakness#2 , isolation of data
● organizations have used file processing systems for
many years. Weakness#3 , hard to maintain
security of data and information stored in files
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6.1 Introduction to Database
File System
12. 12
● database system – many programs and users
share the data in the database.
● example#1: a school’s database most likely at a minimum
contains data about students, instructors, schedule of
classes, and student schedules.
● example#2: a library’s database stored data about book’s
title, the author, ISBN number etc.
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6.1 Introduction to Database
Database System
15. 15
Advantages
1. Sharing data
data in a database environment is shared
over a network.
2. Easier Access
better data accessibility using standard
data query language (SQL). allows end-
user to access and maintain data.
3. Reduced data redundancy
reduce data redundancy by improving
data sharing.
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6.1 Introduction to Database
16. 16
Advantages (continued)
4. Security
improved data security (backup recovery,
concurrency, access control)
5. Reduced Development Time
is easy and fast to develop programs.
6. Higher data integrity
increasing data integrity through data
independence from applications program.
7. improve data quality
reducing update errors (using same format)
thus increasing data consistency
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6.1 Introduction to Database
17. 17
Disadvantages
1. Complex, difficult, and time
consuming to design
2. Special training required for
all programmers and users
3. Require more memory,
storage and processing
power
4. Expensive hardware and
software cost to setup
database
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6.1 Introduction to Database
18. 18
Disadvantages
5. Extensive conversion costs in moving
form a file-based system to a
database system
6. Vulnerable of Database System
● damage to database affects
virtually all applications
programs
● unauthorized users potentially
could gain access to single
database file that contains
personal and confidential data
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6.1 Introduction to Database
