APA Citation 1 What is APA style? Standardized system for giving credit to others for their contribution to your work Is parenthetical (cited in the text) Guidelines for headings and a reference list 2 Parenthetical, which means the citations appear in the text of your paper. Also a reference list we’ll get to later. What is APA style? Author’s Last Name Year of Publication Page Number (if a direct quote) 3 Intro: In these citation, they call for three things. Why Should I Use APA? Shows honesty about borrowing others’ intellectual property Provides evidence of your research Allows readers to locate your sources Prevents plagiarism Honesty=much different from hip-hop and electronic music where borrowing without giving credit is a norm. Academic norm is to explicitly give credit. 4 What kind of source do I have? Book Page from a Website Academic (Peer-Reviewed) Journal In-text Citations: Direct Quote Example from article (Original Sentence) “This case study showed that the dominant upper back pain decreased after the RSP decreased through application of RST by using kinesiology tape in a female sedentary worker.” 1. Authors’ names 2. Year of Publication 3. Page number (2013) Hwang-Bo, Lee, & Kim discovered “dominant upper back pain decreased after the RSP decreased through application of RST by using kinesiology tape in a female sedentary worker” (p. 611). Inserted authors’ names, year, and page number at beginning and end Noticed I also cut off the first part of the sentence because it didn’t really fit with how I wanted to construct my sentence and I want to emphasize their findings. First time we spell out all name for sources with 1-5 authors. After that, 3,4,5 authors get shortcut the second time. 6 or more authors are always abbreviated. 8 Citation at end of sentence “dominant upper back pain decreased after the RSP decreased through application of RST by using kinesiology tape in a female sedentary worker” Researchers discovered that (Hwang-Bo, Lee, & Kim, 2013, p. 611). Subsequent References 1-2 authors-----Always spell out all names Smith (2001) said…. Smith and Jones (1980) examined… Applicants’ expectations are outlandish (Smith, 2001). Applicants’ expectations are outlandish (Smith and Jones, 1980). *Note that these are paraphrases. Subsequent References: 3-5 Authors First Reference: Wiley, Smith, & Jones (2015) stated most left-handers are artistic. Most left-handers are artistic (Wiley, Smith, & Jones, 2015). Spell out all names first mention, then use “et al.” 11 Subsequent References: 3-5 Authors Subsequent Reference: Wiley et al. (2015) state scary movies affect left-handers more than right-handers. Scary movies affect left-handers more than right-handers (Wiley et al., 2015). 6 or more Authors Start with first author, then use “et al.” Johnson et al. (2015) defend the claim that….. No Author Named Use short ...

1. APA Citation
1
What is APA style?
Standardized system for giving credit to others for their
contribution to your work
Is parenthetical (cited in the text)
Guidelines for headings and a reference list
2
Parenthetical, which means the citations appear in the text of
your paper. Also a reference list we’ll get to later.
What is APA style?
Author’s Last Name
Year of Publication
Page Number (if a direct quote)

2. 3
Intro: In these citation, they call for three things.
Why Should I Use APA?
Shows honesty about borrowing others’ intellectual property
Provides evidence of your research
Allows readers to locate your sources
Prevents plagiarism
Honesty=much different from hip-hop and electronic music
where borrowing without giving credit is a norm. Academic
norm is to explicitly give credit.
4
What kind of source do I have?
Book
Page from a Website
Academic (Peer-Reviewed) Journal

3. In-text Citations: Direct Quote
Example from article (Original Sentence)
“This case study showed that the dominant upper back pain
decreased after the RSP decreased through application of RST
by using kinesiology tape in a female sedentary worker.”
1. Authors’ names 2. Year of Publication 3. Page number
(2013)
Hwang-Bo, Lee, & Kim
discovered
“dominant upper back pain decreased after the RSP decreased
through application of RST by using kinesiology tape in a
female sedentary worker”
(p. 611).
Inserted authors’ names, year, and page number at beginning
and end
Noticed I also cut off the first part of the sentence because it
didn’t really fit with how I wanted to construct my sentence and

4. I want to emphasize their findings.
First time we spell out all name for sources with 1-5 authors.
After that, 3,4,5 authors get shortcut the second time. 6 or more
authors are always abbreviated.
8
Citation at end of sentence
“dominant upper
back pain decreased after the RSP decreased
through application of RST by using kinesiology
tape in a female sedentary worker”
Researchers discovered that
(Hwang-Bo,
Lee, & Kim, 2013, p. 611).
Subsequent References
1-2 authors-----Always spell out all names
Smith (2001) said….
Smith and Jones (1980) examined…
Applicants’ expectations are outlandish (Smith, 2001).
Applicants’ expectations are outlandish (Smith and Jones,
1980).
*Note that these are paraphrases.
Subsequent References: 3-5 Authors

5. First Reference:
Wiley, Smith, & Jones (2015) stated most left-handers are
artistic.
Most left-handers are artistic (Wiley, Smith, & Jones, 2015).
Spell out all names first mention, then use “et al.”
11
Subsequent References: 3-5 Authors
Subsequent Reference: Wiley et al. (2015) state scary movies
affect left-handers more than right-handers.
Scary movies affect left-handers more than right-handers (Wiley
et al., 2015).
6 or more Authors
Start with first author, then use “et al.”
Johnson et al. (2015) defend the claim that…..
No Author Named
Use shortened title of work and year
Kinesiology tape helps with shoulder pain (“Efficacy,” 2013).

6. In-text Citations: Paraphrase
A paraphrase is the original ideas and thoughts from a source
put into your own words.
ALWAYS NEED A CITATION
Only use quotes when the information bears repeating exactly as
it was written.
Get back to what constitutes a good and bad paraphrase later
14
Why so many different ways to cite?
Using the same way to incorporate sources every time gets
redundant and bores your reader
Shows lack of versatility in writing skills
A writer may want to focus on something particular when
incorporating a source.
Here are three ways
Idea-focused
Place the author(s) and date(s) in parentheses at an appropriate
place in or at the end of a sentence

7. Example
Researchers have studied how children represent mathematical
problems (Alibali, Phillips, & Fischer, 2009; Siegler, 1976).
Here, several reserachers have made an observation about how
children represent math problems. When two authors say the
same thing, you separate them by a semicolon in your
parenthetical
Notice the idea appears first and the citation stuff is at the end,
necessarily there, but not the focus of the sentence.
16
Researcher-focused
Place only the date in parentheses
Example
Alibali, Phillips, and Fischer (2009) asked, “Did the
participants adopt the taught strategies?” (p. 96).
Used when doing literature reviews, critiques, or focusing on
method
This author uses a direct quote because it’s important to know
what question participants were asked. A paraphrase of the
researchers question may not have yielded the same results in
the study; therefore, the reader needs the exact words. Notice
the use of page number
17

8. Chronology-focused
Integrate both the author and date into your sentence
Example
In 2009 Alibali, Phillips, and Fischer reported that third- and
fourth-grade students improved their problem representation
when they were taught the equalize strategy but did not improve
their problem representation when they were taught the add-
subtract strategy
Used when doing literature reviews or when the time of the
research is important
Secondary Source Citation
Sometimes, you find a source that quotes another author, and
you like what that author said.
If possible, always find the original source where the quote
originated from.
The secondary and primary source will have to be cited in the
reference list AND in text
These are secondary sources.
19
Secondary Source Citation
Paraphrase
Thonus emphasizes that creating an ethical solution requires
participation by all parties (as cited in Brufee, 2003).
Direct quotation

9. Thonus remarks, “writing center literature is filled with
reference to our marginality and status as outsiders” (as cited in
Brufee, 2003, p. 170).
Reference Page
List of sources cited in paper
Title
Type the word "References" at the top of a new page, centered.
Spacing
All entries should be double-spaced, unless your assignment
instructs you otherwise.
Indentation
First line is flush left. Subsequent lines have handing indent
Author names
Last name, first initial: Smith, R.
Only use the author shortcut “et al.” if there are 8 or more
authors.
Capitalization Rule in APA
For article title, capitalize

10. First word of title
First word of subtitle
Any proper nouns (the name of a person or city, for example)
From the sample
Computer-mediated communication effects on disclosure,
impressions, and interpersonal evaluations: Getting to know one
another a little bit at a time.
Citing a Book
Print
Turkle, S. (2011). Alone together: Why we expect more
from technology and less from each other. New York,
NY: Basic Books.
E-book
Last name, First initial. (date). Title. Retrieved from
www.webpage.com
Have them use their textbook. Pull something out they’ve read
at the time of prezi
24
Chapter in a book or entry in a reference book
Use for anthologies, textbooks, or edited books

11. Complete Citation
North, P. (1984). The idea of a writing center. In C.
Murphy & S. Sherwood (Eds.), The St. Martin’s
sourcebook for writing tutors (pp. 44-58). Boston, MA:
Bedford.
Journal Article
Mostly found through library databases
Journal Article
What’s needed
Author(s) name(s)
Year of publication
Article title (follows capitalization rule)
Title of Journal (italicized)
Volume and issue or number of journal
Pages numbers of article
DOI number or URL

12. Journal Article
Example
Hwang-Bo, G., Lee, J., & Kim, H. (2013). Efficacy of
kinesiology taping for recovery of dominant upper back pain
in female sedentary worker having a rounded shoulder
posture. Technology & Health Care, 21(6), 607-612.
doi:10.3233/THC-130753
Government Report
Technical, research, and government reports “can serve a
valuable supplementary role” to your research.
Come from government agencies, profit/non-profit research
institutes, and educational institutions.

13. Government Report
Author, A.A. (Date). Title of work (Report No. xxx). Location:
Publisher.
List all levels of the government agency.
GPO Reports have publisher location and name as…
Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office
Government Report
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National
Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute. (2003). Managing asthma: A guide for schools
(NIH Publication No. 02-2650). Retrieved fromhttp://www/
nhlbi.nih.gov/health/prof/lung/asthma/ast h_sch.pdf
Page from a Website
Page from a Website
California State University, Bakersfield. (2015). Complaints
and grievances. Retrieved July, 7 2015, from
http://www.csub.edu
/academicprograms/Complaints%2
0and%20Grievances/index.html

14. Page from a Website
Publication date of webpage can found at the top or very bottom
of the page
Source for additional information
http://ucumberlands.libguides.com/c.php?g=504168&p=3452390