Hepatitis A is an inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus. It is usually transmitted through the fecal-oral route by consuming food or water contaminated with the stool of an infected person. Common symptoms include jaundice, dark urine, nausea, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves blood tests to detect signs of the virus. While most people fully recover on their own, vaccination is recommended for those at high risk of infection. Proper hygiene and sanitation are important to prevent the spread of hepatitis A.

2. Presented by : Group 4
Ahmed Abdullah
Abla Elsaied
Dina Gamal
Ahmed Zaghloul
Aya Kamal
Eslam Elsaiyd
Ahmed Elgendy
Sara Gamal
Omnia Samir
Aya mahdy
Hader Baha
Presented to : DR Fatma Elswerky

3. 1) Definition of hepatitis A
2) Risk factor of hepatitis A
3) Mode of transmission of hepatitis A
4) Clinical manifestation of hepatitis A
5) Diagnostic evaluation
6) Prevention of hepatitis A
7) Treatment of hepatitis A
8) Nursing management of hepatitis A
9) precaution of hepatitis A
10) Complication of hepatitis A

4. Hepatitis A: Inflammation of the liver caused by
the hepatitis A virus (HAV). HAV is usually
transmitted from person to person by food or
drink that has been contaminated with the stool
of a person with hepatitis A

5. 1. People who lived with some one
who has hepatitis A.
2. People who work in child care
settings.
3. Children who go to child care.
4. People who travel to countries
where hepatitis A is common.

6. Cont…………..
5)Are a man who has sexual contact with
other men
6)Have any type of sexual contact with
someone who has hepatitis A
7)Are HIV positive
8)Have a clotting-factor disorder, such as
hemophilia
9)Use any type of illegal drugs (not just

7.  Fecal _ oral route , poor sanitation ,
person to person contact , water borne ,
food borne , transmission possible with
oral _ anal contact during sex
 Incubation period of the disease is : 15
to 50 day (average 30 day)

9. 1)mild symptoms
 Upper respiratory tract infection
 Low grade fever
 Anorexia
2) Severe symptoms
 jaundice
 dark urine
 epigastric distress
 nausea
 heart burn

11. Diagnostic evaluation
Blood tests are used to look for signs of the hepatitis
A virus in your body. A sample of blood is taken,
usually from a vein in your arm. It's sent to a
laboratory for testing.

12.  Most people fully recover on their
own within a few weeks. No specific
medications, including antibiotics, are
used to treat hepatitis A.
 People should take hepatitis A
vaccine not to be diagnosed by
hepatitis A.

13. 1) Rest. Many people with hepatitis A infection feel
tired and sick and have less energy.
2) Manage nausea. Nausea can make it difficult to
eat. Try snacking throughout the day rather than
eating full meals. To get enough calories, eat more
high-calorie foods. For instance, drink fruit juice or
milk rather than water. Drinking plenty of fluids is
important to prevent dehydration if vomiting occurs.
3) Avoid alcohol and use medications with
care. Your liver may have difficulty processing
medications and alcohol. If you have hepatitis, don't
drink alcohol. It can cause more liver damage. Talk
to your doctor about all the medications you take,
including over-the-counter drugs.

14. 4) Avoid sexual activity. Avoid all sexual activity if
you have hepatitis A. Many kinds of sexual activity
can spread the infection to your partner. Condoms
don't offer adequate protection.
5) Wash your hands thoroughly after using the
toilet and changing diapers . Scrub vigorously for
at least 20 seconds and rinse well. Dry your hands
with a disposable towel.
6) Don't prepare food for others while you're
actively infected. You can easily pass the infection
to others.

15.  Provide two dose of vaccine to adult (18 years)
Second dose given 6 to 12 months after first
dose.
 Children and adolescent 2 to 18 years receive
three doses, Second dose is given 1 month after
first dose and third dose is given 6 to 12 months
after second dose.
 Hepatitis A vaccine should recommended to
people traveling to location where sanitation and
hygiene are un satisfactory.

16. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
recommends a hepatitis A vaccine for the following people:
1) All children at age 1, or older children who didn't receive
the childhood vaccine
2) Laboratory workers who may come in contact with
hepatitis A
3) Men who have sex with men
4) People with other risk factors who work or travel in parts
of the world where hepatitis A is common
5)People who use any type of illegal drugs, not just injected
ones
6)People who receive treatment with clotting-factor
concentrates
7)People with chronic liver disease

17. 1) Encourage proper community and home sanitation.
2) Encourage individual hygiene.
3) Educate patient practices for preparing food.
4) Support effective health supervision of school.
5) Promote community health education program.
6) Recommend vaccination for travelers to developing
countries.
7) Recommend pre exposure vaccination for all children
12 to 23 months, Continue existing immunization
program for children 2 to 18 years.

18.  assist the patient and family in coping with the
temporary disability and fatigue that are common
in hepatitis and educate them to seek traditional
health care.
 provide rest.
 follow up blood work.
 avoid alcohol.
 sanitation and hygiene measure.

19.  educate the patient and his family to reduce
the risk of hepatitis A.
 personal hygiene.
 reduce stress.
 encourage hand washing.
 encourage the sanitation of food and water
supply.

20. precautions of hepatitis A
1)Peel and wash all fresh fruits and vegetables
yourself.
2)Don't eat raw or undercooked meat and fish.
3)Drink bottled water and use it when brushing your
teeth.
4)Avoid all beverages of unknown purity, with or
without ice.
5)If bottled water isn't available, boil tap water before
drinking it.

21. Complication of hepatitis A
Unlike other types of viral hepatitis, hepatitis A does
not cause long-term liver damage, and it doesn't
become chronic.
In rare cases, hepatitis A can cause a sudden loss of
liver function, especially in older adults or people
with chronic liver diseases. Acute liver failure
requires a stay in the hospital for monitoring and
treatment. Some people with acute liver failure may
need a liver transplant.

22. summary