Eman Assem - MA Economics, AUC ERF and World Bank Youth Essay Competition Award Ceremony Cairo, Egypt, January 17, 2017 www.erf.org.eg

1. Setting the Right Goals: Towards
Rebuilding the Youth’s Trust in
Authority
Eman Assem
MA Economics, AUC

2. Employment By Sector (2013)
Source: CAPMAS and World Bank Databank (2013)

3. Goals
• Promote the
private sector
• Train youth to be
skilled for
private sector
jobs

4. Private Firms
• Large multinational corporations
• Large national companies
• Small to medium enterprises (SMEs)
• Micro enterprises.

5. Problems facing Private Businesses
• Limited access to information
• Lack of government support
• Complex licensing processes
• Bureaucratic processes lacking transparency
“Egyptian entrepreneurs spend close to 35% of their
time solving problems related to government
regulation.” (Sala-i-Martin, 2002)

6. Regulation of Local Government
• Internal management processes
• External central government regulation:
performance indicators, audit and inspection
• External public regulation

7. Idemyx Website

9. Training for jobs
Active Labor Market Policies (ALMP) is categorized into two types:
• Policies that facilitate
wage employment,
through a better
education and
vocational training
• Policies that facilitate
self- employment,
through ease of doing a
business and access to
finance and credit and
providing business
support.

10. Characteristics of TVET
• Singapore’s Institute of technical education
• Chiles, Jovenes Program
• Brazil’s Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem
Industrial (SENAI)
• Mubarak-Kohl Initiative

11. (1) Centralisation of planning and
quality control
• Brazil’s (SENAI), one of the most successful vocational
systems in the developing world, is administered by the
National Confederation of Industry.
• In Egypt, the Supreme Council for Human Resources
Development (SCHRD) is being restructured since 2013,
with steps to establish a National TVET Authority (NTA).
• However, the revival of the Council and the
establishment of the Authority appear to have stopped
to date.

12. (2) Decentralisation of training centers
• In the Chile, Jovenes program, The private
sector provides training that is decentralized,
and forms a link to the job market.
• The program operates through about 1,000
training providers, ranging from companies to
non-government organizations.

13. (3) Financing
• Variation in funding can allow for more cost
recovery and increasing relevance of courses.
• Different funding options other than direct
budget allocation can include:
– performance-based funding.
– direct funding from the trainees (individuals or
firms)
• Most of the sector’s financing is through
donors

14. (4) Demand-driven education and
training
• In Singapore’s Institute of technical education
(ITE), courses are designed by companies and
government.
• Performance-based funding means that public
funds could be open for competitive allocation
among both public and private training
providers.

15. (5) Certification and accreditation
• In Singapore’s ITE, joint certificates with
companies such as Microsoft are given.
• Wataneya Society, is an example of an accredited
vocational training program. It’s an NGO that
works in training childcare providers, accreditied
by Edexcel in 2012. And since 2014 it has been
working with the ministry of social solidarity to
set up the certification criteria to all childcare
providers in Egypt.

16. (6) Targeting
• Of specific groups, to specific companies or
industrial sectors.
• Chiles, Jovenes Program: Strong targeting of
people with low educational attainment, low-
income families, limited work experience.

17. (7) Flexibility in shifting towards a track
in academic education
• Singapore’s ITE; Qualifications can open a
track into academic education.
• There is a continued reluctance of many
young people to forgo university for the
perceived low status vocational or technical
training.

18. Timeline of Employment by Sector
Public Employment, 24%
Private Employment, 28%
Informal Sector,
48%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Source: CAPMAS (2015)