1. Accounting for
Wider Social Benefits
Roberta Ara
Senior Research Fellow, ScHARR

2. Taking a wider perspective
• Measurement and valuation of
informal care time and carers utility
• The measurement and valuation of
productivity effects

3. Objective:
Explore potential relationship between
EQ-5D score (& ICD-10 code) and
absence from work due to ill health

4. Data (1)
HODAR
N
>30k
Survey design
prospective
Patient characteristics:
General population
 discharged within
previous 6 weeks
Health status:
ICD-10

Quality of life & recall period:
EQ-5D

today
Absence from paid employment due to ill health & recall period:
Off work sick
 previous 6 weeks
number of days off

5. HODAR - issues
a) Recall periods (EQ5D, time off work)
b) EQ-5D =1 (% off paid employment)
c) Questions for recall unclear (masses
at multiples of 5 and 7 days)
d) Substantial proportion (42%)
indicated full 6 weeks off work
e) Generalisability

6. Data (2)
HODAR
N
>30k
Survey design
prospective
Patient characteristics:
General population
 discharged within
previous 6 weeks
Understanding Society
>27k
X-sectional

Health status:
ICD-10


self-reported
17 broad definitions
Quality of life & recall period:
EQ-5D
SF36 (or SF12)


today
previous 4 weeks


previous 4 weeks
Absence from paid employment due to ill health & recall period:
Off work sick
 previous 6 weeks
 previous week
number of days off
yes/no for absence

7. Off paid employment in previous week
(Understanding Society)

8. Approach taken
HODAR
EQ-5D, ICD,
Model 1
age, gender
SF-6D
preference
measure
Understanding Society
SF-6D
age, gender
Model 2
P(absent from
work due to
sickness or injury)
HODAR
age, gender, ICD
Model 3
Number of days
off work sick
|off work sick

9. Relationship between EQ5D and SF6D
(HODAR)

10. Relationship between QoL & absence from
paid employment due to ill health (U.Society)

11. Combining elements
STEP 1:
E(SF6D) = f(EQ5D, age, gender, ICD group)
STEP 2:
p(OWS) = f(SF6D, age, gender)
STEP 3:
E(DOWS |OWS) = f(age, gender, ICD group)
STEP 4:
Weight average number of days off work sick (Step 2)
by the probability of being off work sick (Step 3)

12. Issues with data
• Double/triple mapping – not ideal
• Switching between datasets – not ideal
• Neither surveys capture total absence due to ill health
• eg early retirement due to condition, long-term sickness etc
Ongoing/planned research
•
•
•
•
HIPPO – new HODAR
Includes both SF12 & EQ5D
Recall for work absence is 1 week (and 4 weeks)
Switch to examine relationship between QoL and paid
employment (as opposed to the relationship between
QoL and probability of being off work sick)