6. Effectiveness
Choosing where to focus your attention
Choosing what (& who) to ignore
Fundamental leadership skills
More difficult under stress
It will only get harder
7. System 1 &
Keith Stanovich, University of Toronto
Richard West, James Madison University
Individual Differences in Reasoning (2000)
Daniel Kahneman, Princeton
System 2
8. System 1 &
Systems = Modes of operating
Not actual brain structures
System 2
16. Who’s in charge?
It depends
System 2 usually an acquiescent monitor
& sometimes in charge & actively resistant
& sometimes an endorser, NOT an enforcer
37. Attention mgmt.
Try to pose for yourself this task: not to think of
a polar bear, and you will see that the cursed
thing will come to mind every minute.
~Fyodor Dostoyevsky
38. Attention mgmt.
Daniel Wegner, Harvard
People can control their mental states
just by trying to direct their thoughts.
These strategies of mental control
can sometimes backfire, however.
40. Surprise!
Emotion is needed to interrupt thinking when
prompt response to environmental demands is
needed. Emotion should not be very
susceptible to willful control.
~Daniel Wegner
44. Habit
Habits must intervene between wish & execution
in the case of bodily acts, [but] we still cherish
the illusion that they can be dispensed with in the
case of mental & moral acts.
~John Dewey
45. Habit
Could the young but realize how soon they will
become mere walking bundles of habits, they
would give more heed to their conduct while in
the plastic state.
~William James
48. Deliberate
Repeated exposure = Cognitive ease
Skill in a task = Requires less mental effort
Habitual activities = Lower demand on System 2
practice
64. Photo by Pranav Yaddanapudi [link]
To sum up
Attention is your most precious resource
We can struggle to direct it effectively
Mere mental effort isn’t enough
Habitual practices are key
65. To sum up
This will only get harder
Everyone wants the leader’s attention
No one cares how much it costs the leader
Start treating your attention like a resource
73. And a survey!
6 dimensions of Emotional Style
Note the 3 that interest you most
AFTER doing the exercise & reading
Survey link sent via Canvas announcement
74. Other items…
Slides will be posted on my site
Assignment & survey due Wed 1pm
Today’s 1:1s in B206 (the usual location)