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IDM AN INDIRECT DISSEMINATION MECHANISM FOR SPATIAL VOICE
INTERACTION IN NETWORKED VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS
ABSTRACT:
One type of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) live streaming has not yet been significantly investigated, namely
topologies that provide many-to-many, interactive connectivity. Exemplar applications of such
P2P systems include spatial audio services for networked virtual environments (NVEs) and
distributed online games. Numerous challenging problems have to be overcome-among them
providing low delay, resilience to churn, effective load balancing, and rapid convergence-in such
dynamic environments.
We propose a novel P2P overlay dissemination mechanism, termed IDM that can satisfy such
demanding real-time requirements. Our target application is to provide spatialized voice support
in multiplayer NVEs, where each bandwidth constrained peer potentially communicates with all
other peers within its area-of-interest (AoI). With IDM each peer maintains a set of partners,
termed helpers, which may act as stream forwarders. We prove analytically that the system reach
ability is maximized when the loads of helpers are balanced proportionally to their network
capacities.
We propose a game-theoretic algorithm that balances the loads of the peers in a fully distributed
manner. Of practical importance in dynamic systems, we prove that our algorithm converges to
an approximately balanced state from any prior state in rapid O (log log n) time, where n is the
number of users. We further evaluate our technique with simulations and show that it can
achieve near optimal system reach ability and satisfy the tight latency constraints of interactive
audio under conditions of churn, avatar mobility, and heterogeneous user access network
bandwidth.