![Feminism
Feminism has fought no wars. It has killed no
opponents. It has set up no concentration
camps, starved no enemies, practiced no
cruelties. Its battles have been for education,
for the vote, for better working conditions, for
safety on the streets … for child care, for
social welfare … for rape crisis centres,
women's refuges, reforms in the law.… [If
someone says], "Oh, I'm not a feminist," [I
ask] , "Why? What's your problem?" —Dale
Spender](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Oumlil Defining Gender.pptx
- 1. Defining Gender Media and Gender COM 3315 Dr. Kenza Oumlil
- 2. Feminism Feminism has fought no wars. It has killed no opponents. It has set up no concentration camps, starved no enemies, practiced no cruelties. Its battles have been for education, for the vote, for better working conditions, for safety on the streets … for child care, for social welfare … for rape crisis centres, women's refuges, reforms in the law.… [If someone says], "Oh, I'm not a feminist," [I ask] , "Why? What's your problem?" —Dale Spender
- 3. Contemporary theories and perspectives on gender and sexuality • Social constructionists – who argued that the influences of biology are indirect and mediated by society Versus • Biological essentialists – who argued that the direct effects of biology endow each gender with essential characteristics.
- 4. Defining Gender • Deborah Tannen talks about the male figure being unmarked and the female being marked. Marking is a linguistic device but it is also a semiotic device – it is a sign that tells how to communicate gender – how to in fact ‘do’ gender.
- 5. Defining Gender • Tannen (1995): Men’s styles unmarked, only scrutinizing women at conference. “Unlike the women they had the option of being unmarked” (4). • Tannen (1995): “The unmarked form of most English words also convey “male.” Being male is the unmarked case. Endings like ess and ette mark words as “female”” (4). The use of “he” as the sex-indefinite pronoun.
- 6. Defining Gender • West and Zimmerman: Do gender; risk of gender assessment: “And note, to “do” gender is not always to live up to normative conceptions of femininity or masculinity; it is to engage in behavior at the risk of gender assessment…” (139). • Doing gender normalizes and naturalizes the social arrangements based on sex category; it legitimates the organization of social life. Conversely, doing gender can also disrupt the dominant social arrangements.
- 7. Defining Gender • West & Zimmerman (2000): “…sex categorization and the doing of gender are not the same” (138). Categorization could be secure or suspect. Categorization does not necessarily depend on gender. Being seen as unfeminine does not make one “unfemale.” Identificatory display (dress) ; gender display (allowing men to light her cigarette); normative gender behavior.