Root surface caries, also known as cemental caries or cervical caries, is a soft, progressive lesion of the cementum and dentine that involves bacterial infection and invasion. It occurs more frequently with age due to factors like gingival recession exposing the root surface. The formation of root surface caries lesions begins with bacterial invasion of the cementum and dentine after gingival recession removes the protective periodontal fibers. Risk factors include periodontal infection, microorganisms, inadequate oral hygiene, frequent consumption of cariogenic foods, low fluoride exposure, xerostomia, and prosthetic devices. Prevention methods consist of maintaining a balanced diet, regular personal oral hygiene like toothbrushing and f