Dr Sadgun Bhandari is a Community Mental Health Team Consultant covering Hatfield, Hertfordshire.

1. BASIC SCIENCES IN PSYCHIATRY
QUIZ I ANSWERS
 DR SADGUN BHANDARI
 CONSULTANT PSYCHIATRIST
 QUEEN ELIZABETH II HOSPITAL
 WELWYN GARDEN CITY
 HERTFORDSHIRE

2. BASIC SCIENCES IN PSYCHIATRY
QUIZ I ANSWERS
 1. B. Causes milk ejection
 Oxytocin is made in magnocellular neurosecretory
cells of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of
the hypothalamus and is stored in Herring bodies at
the axon terminals in the posterior pituitary. It is then
released into the blood from the posterior lobe
(neurohypophysis) of the pituitary gland

3. BASIC SCIENCES IN PSYCHIATRY
QUIZ I ANSWERS
 2. B. Conduction velocity is directly proportional to
the diameter of the conducting fibres
 A typical action potential is initiated at the axon
hillock when the membrane is depolarized sufficiently
(i.e. when its voltage is increased sufficiently). As the
membrane potential is increased, both the sodium
and potassium ion channels begin to open. This
increases both the inward sodium current
(depolarization) and the balancing outward potassium
current (repolarization/hyperpolarization).

4. BASIC SCIENCES IN PSYCHIATRY
QUIZ I ANSWERS
 3. A. Acetylcholine

5. BASIC SCIENCES IN PSYCHIATRY
QUIZ I ANSWERS
 4. A. 1%

6. BASIC SCIENCES IN PSYCHIATRY
QUIZ I ANSWERS
 5. E. Right parietal cortex.
 The hallmark of contralateral neglect is an inability to perceive
and attend to objects, or even one's own body, in a part of
space, despite the fact that visual acuity, somatic sensation, and
motor ability remain intact. Affected individuals fail to report,
respond to, or even orient to stimuli presented to the side of the
body (or visual space) opposite the lesion. They may also have
difficulty performing complex motor tasks on the neglected side,
including dressing themselves, reaching for objects, writing,
drawing, and, to a lesser extent, orienting to sounds.

7. BASIC SCIENCES IN PSYCHIATRY
QUIZ I ANSWERS
 6. D. Neurofibrillary tangles, neuritic amyloid plaques,
and amyloid angiopathy

8. BASIC SCIENCES IN PSYCHIATRY
QUIZ I ANSWERS
 7 A.
 Proton density—weighted axial MR images show
high signal intensity from mamillary bodies (arrows,
A), periaqueductal gray matter (arrowheads, A),
medial thalami (arrowheads, C), and surrounding the
third ventricle (arrowheads, B).


9. BASIC SCIENCES IN PSYCHIATRY
QUIZ I ANSWERS
 8. A. Temporal and frontal.

10. BASIC SCIENCES IN PSYCHIATRY
QUIZ I ANSWERS
 9. E. Phasic twitches in somatic musculature.
 Sleep spindles, the hallmark of sleep synchronization
in stage 2 non-REM sleep, are rhythmic and
monomorphic waves, between 10 and 14 Hz, with a
maximum amplitude in the vertex (Cz), with bilateral
irradiation to central regions (C3 and C4).

11. BASIC SCIENCES IN PSYCHIATRY
QUIZ I ANSWERS
 10. C. A relaxed adult with eyes open.

 Alpha is the frequency range from 8 Hz to 12 Hz.
Hans Berger named the first rhythmic EEG activity he
saw, the "alpha wave." This is activity in the 8–12 Hz
range seen in the posterior regions of the head on
both sides, being higher in amplitude on the dominant
side. It is brought out by closing the eyes and by
relaxation. It was noted to attenuate with eye opening
or mental exertion. This activity is now referred to as
"posterior basic rhythm," the "posterior dominant
rhythm" or the "posterior alpha rhythm."

12. BASIC SCIENCES IN PSYCHIATRY
QUIZ I ANSWERS
 Beta is the frequency range from 12 Hz to about 30
Hz. It is seen usually on both sides in symmetrical
distribution and is most evident frontally. Low
amplitude beta with multiple and varying frequencies
is often associated with active, busy or anxious
thinking and active concentration.
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