The document summarizes the basic grammar rules of English tenses. It provides the signs, usages, formulas, examples of sentences for each tense including: - Present Simple Tense - Present Continuous Tense - Past Simple Tense - Future Simple Tense - Present Perfect Tense The tenses covered are used to talk about actions and events in the present, past and future. The rules for forming affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences are also explained for each tense.

1. Tãm t¾t ng÷ ph¸p c¬ b¶n tiÕng anh
Thêi
DÊu hiÖu nhËn
biÕt
C¸nh sö dông
§éng
tõ
C«ng thøc
C¸c quy t¾c
C©u kh¼ng ®Þnh (+) C©u phñ ®Þnh (-) C©u nghi vÊn ( ?)
C©u hái cã tõ ®Ó hái
(Wh_Q)
The
Present
simple
(HiÖn
t¹i
®¬n)
- Always
(constantly,
generally)
- Usually
- Regularly
- Frequently
- Often
- Sometimes
(Occasionally)
- Rarely (Seldom)
- Never
- Every(day,
week,...)
- Once (a
week)
Twice (a
month)
Three times (a
year)
DiÔn t¶ 1 sù viÖc diÔn ra trong 1 thêi
gian dµi hoÆc së thÝch ë hiÖn t¹i.
DiÔn t¶ 1 sù viÖc lÆp ®i lÆp l¹i ®·
thµnh thãi quen ë hiÖn t¹i.
DiÓn t¶ 1 hiÖn tîng lu«n lu«n ®óng.
Nãi vÒ thêi gian biÓu, thêi khãa biÓu.
Eg : - I live in Hanoi.
We don’t like football.
- He often gets up at 6 am.
- The sun rises on the East.
- We have English on Mondays.
To be
N
S + To be + Adj
(am, is, are) Adv (n¬i
chèn)
Am: I
Is : He, she,it, danh tõ sè Ýt,
danh tõ kh«ng ®Õm ®îc
Are: You, we, they, danh tõ
sè nhiÒu
N
S + To be + not + Adj
(am, is, are) Adv (n¬i
chèn)
Is not = isn’t
Are not = aren’t
N
To be + S +
Adj ?
(am, is, are) Adv (n¬i
chèn)
TL: Yes, S + To be
No, S + To be not.
Wh_Q + To be + S ?
(am, is, are)
TL: Dïng c©u Kh¼ng ®Þnh
Quy t¾c chia ®éng tõ
víi ng«i thø 3 sè Ýt ë
thêi hiÖn t¹i ®¬n.
 Th«ng thêng:  + S
 KÕt thóc b»ng: S, SS,
SH, CH, X, O  + ES
 KÕt thóc b»ng phô ©m
+ Y  ®æi thµnh I +
ES
 KÕt thóc b»ng nguyªn
©m +Y  + S
 KÕt thóc b»ng F, FE 
§æi F, FE thµnh VES
§éng
tõ th-
êng
S + V / V(s, es)
V: I, you, we, they, danh tõ sè
nhiÒu
V(s, es): He, she, it, danh tõ
sè Ýt, danh tõ kh«ng ®Õm
®îc
S + don’t/ doesn’t + V
Don’t : I, you, we, they, danh tõ
sè nhiÒu
Doesn’t : He, she, it, danh tõ sè Ýt
Do/ does + S + V?
TL: Yes, S + do/does
No, S+ don’t/
doesn’t
Wh_Q + do/ does + S + V?
TL: Dïng c©u kh¼ng ®Þnh
The
Present
Contin
uous
(HiÖn
t¹i tiÕp
diÔn)
- Now / Right now
- At the moment
- At this moment
- At present
- ( Thøc mÖnh
lÖnh)
Eg:
Look! The bus is
coming.
DiÔn t¶ 1 hµnh ®éng, sù viÖc ®ang
x¶y ra ë thêi ®iÓm nãi.
DiÓn t¶ 1 hµnh ®éng x¶y ra xung
quanh thêi ®iÓm nãi (cã c¸c tr¹ng tõ :
This week, this month, this year).
DiÔn t¶ 1 hµnh ®éng s¾p x¶y ra trong
t¬ng lai gÇn.
Eg :
- We are learning English now.
- This week I am reading Kieu story.
- My sister is getting married neat
week.
§éng
tõ th-
êng
S + To be + V-ing
(am, is, are)
S + To be + not +V-ing
(am, is, are)
Is not = isn’t
Are not = aren’t
To be + S + V-ing?
TL: Yes, S + To be
No, S + To be + not
Wh_Q + To be + S +V-ing?
TL: Dïng c©u kh¼ng ®Þnh
Quy t¾c cÊu t¹o V-ing :
Th«ng thêng  + ing
KÕt thóc b»ng E  bá E
vµ + ing
KÕt thóc b»ng IE 
chuyÓn IE thµnh Y vµ +
ing
§éng tõ 1 ©m tiÕt kÕt thóc
b»ng 1 phô ©m, tríc nã lµ
1 nguyªn ©m  nh©n
®«i phô ©m cuèi vµ + ing
§éng tõ 2 ©m tiÕt, träng
©m r¬i vµo ©m tiÕt thø
2, kÕt thóc b»ng 1 phô
©m, tríc nã lµ 1 nguyªn
©m  nh©n ®«i phô ©m
cuèi vµ + ing
Mét sè ®éng tõ kh«ng chia tiÕp diÔn:
§éng tõ chØ sù suy nghÜ: think, believe, see, recognize, imagine, remember, forget, understand, realize, know, suppose,…
§éng tõ chØ c¶m xóc: like, love, dislike, prefer, hate, want,…
§éng tõ chØ nhËn thøc: see, taste, hear, smell, feel,…
C¸c ®éng tõ kh¸c: To be, need, seem, belong to, include, have (khi mang nghÜa cã),…
The
Past
Simple
(Qu¸
khø
®¬n)
- Yesterday
- Last (night, week,
…)
- Kho¶ng t/g + ago
- Thêi gian trong
QK
(in/on/at + t/g QK,
When+S+was/were
...)
-DiÔn t¶ 1 hµnh ®éng, sù viÖc ®· x¶y
ra trong qu¸ khø, kh«ng liªn quan ®Õn
hiÖn t¹i vµ t¬ng lai.
- DiÔn t¶ 1 chuçi c¸c hµnh ®éng x¶y
ra kÕ tiÕp nhau trong qu¸ khø.
Eg:
- John started working here last year.
- She came in, turned on the light and
started reading.
- We didn’t do our homework
yesterday.
- Did you meet her 2 days ago?
To be
N
S + To be + Adj
(Was/ were) Adv (n¬i
chèn)
Was : I, he, she,it,
danh tõ sè Ýt,
danh tõ kh«ng
®Õm ®îc
Were : You, we, they,
danh tõ sè nhiÒu
N
S + To be + not + Adj
(Was/ were) Adv (n¬i chèn)
Was not = wasn’t
Were not = weren’t
N
To be + S + Adj ?
(Was/ were) Adv (n¬i
chèn)
TL: Yes, S + To be
No, S + To be not.
Wh_Q + To be + S ?
(Was/ were)
TL: Dïng c©u Kh¼ng ®Þnh
Quy t¾c cÊu t¹o V-ed :
(ChØ ¸p dông víi ®éng
tõ cã quy t¾c)
Th«ng thêng  + ED
KÕt thóc b»ng E  + D
KÕt thóc b»ng phô ©m
+ Y  ®æi thµnh I +
ED
KÕt thóc b»ng nguyªn
©m +Y  + ED
§éng tõ 1 ©m tiÕt kÕt
thóc b»ng 1 phô ©m, tr-
íc nã lµ 1 nguyªn ©m
 nh©n ®«i phô ©m
cuèi vµ + ED
§éng tõ 2 ©m tiÕt,
träng ©m r¬i vµo ©m
tiÕt thø 2, kÕt thóc
b»ng 1 phô ©m, tríc nã
lµ 1 nguyªn ©m 
nh©n ®«i phô ©m cuèi
vµ + ED
Chó ý:Visit  visited
§éng
tõ th-
êng
S + Ved / Vbqt-qk S + didn’t + V Did + S + V?
TL: Yes, S + did
No, S + didn’t
Wh_Q + did + S + V ?
TL: Dïng c©u kh¼ng ®Þnh
The
Future
Simple
(T¬ng
lai
®¬n)
- Tonight
- Tomorrow
- Next (week,
month,)
- someday
- soon
DiÔn t¶ 1 sù viÖc sÏ x¶y ra trong t¬ng
lai mµ kh«ng cã sù s¾p xÕp, dù ®Þnh
tríc
§Ò nghÞ ®îc lµm 1 viÖc g× ®ã
Høa lµm 1 viÖc g× ®ã
Yªu cÇu ai ®ã lµm 1 viÖc g×
Will/
shall S + Will/ shall + V
Will : TÊt c¶ c¸c ng«i
Shall: I, We
S + will/ shall + not + V
Will not = won’t
Shall not = shan’t
Will/ Shall + S + V?
TL: Yes, S + will/ shall
No, S + won’t/ shan’t
Wh_Q + will/ shall + S + V?
TL: Dïng c©u kh¼ng ®Þnh
Chó ý: Trong c©u hái ph¶i
dïng ‘Shall’ víi c¸c ng«i I, We.

2. - In + 1 kho¶ng t/g
- Thêi gian trong t-
¬ng lai
§ång ý, tõ chèi lµm 1 viÖc g× ®ã. Listen listened
Open Opened
Enter Entered
The
near
future
(T¬ng
lai
gÇn)
- Dù ®o¸n 1 viÖc sÏ x¶y ra ë t¬ng ai
dùa vµo dÊu hiÖu ë hiÖn t¹i.
Eg: Look at those black clouds.
It’s going to rain.
- DiÔn t¶ 1 dù ®Þnh sÏ lµm 1 viÖc
g× ®ã trong t¬ng lai.
 - DiÔn t¶ 1 sù viÖc s¾p
x¶y ra ë t¬ng
lai gÇn
To be
going
to
To be
Ving
S + To be + going to +
V
(am, is, are)
S + To be + not + going to + V
(am, is, are)
To be + S + going to + V?
(Am, Is, Are)
TL: Yes, S + to be
No, S + to be + not
Wh_Q + to be + S + going to
+ V?
(am, is, are)
TL: Dïng c©u kh¼ng ®Þnh
Thêi DÊu hiÖu nhËn biÕt C¸nh sö dông §éng tõ
C«ng thøc
C©u kh¼ng ®Þnh (+) C©u phñ ®Þnh (-) C©u nghi vÊn ( ?) C©u hái cã tõ ®Ó hái (Wh_Q)
The
Past
Contin
uous
(Qu¸
khø
tiÕp
diÔn)
- Thêi ®iÓm x¸c ®Þnh trong qu¸
khø.
Eg: at 8 p.m yesterday
At this time last Sunday
- MÖnh ®Ò When ( khi..) ë qu¸
khø ®¬n víi ®éng tõ thêng.
- MÖnh ®Ò While ( trong khi..)
ë qu¸ khø tiÕp diÔn.
DiÔn t¶ 1 sù viÖc ®ang x¶y ra ë 1 thêi
®iÓm x¸c ®Þnh trong qu¸ khø.
DiÔn t¶ 1 sù viÖc ®ang diÔn ra ë qu¸ khø
th× 1 sù viÖc qu¸ khø kh¸c c¾t ngang.
DiÔn t¶ 2 hµnh ®éng ®ang diÔn ra song
song t¹i 1 thêi ®iÓm trong qu¸ khø.
Eg. - When I saw her, she was having
breakfast.
- At 5 pm yesterday, I was watching T.V
while my sister was reading a book.
§éng tõ
thêng
S + was/ were + Ving
Was : I, he, she,it, danh tõ sè Ýt,
danh tõ kh«ng ®Õm ®îc
Were : You, we, they, danh tõ sè
nhiÒu
S + was/ were + not + Ving
Was not = wasn’t
Were not = weren’t
Was/ Were + S + Ving ?
TL: Yes, S + was/ were
No, S + wasn’t/
weren’t
Wh_Q + was/ were + S + Ving ?
TL: Dïng c©u kh¼ng ®Þnh
The
Present
Perfect
(HiÖn
t¹i
hoµn
thµnh)
- already - ever
- Just - never
- recently - several
times
- lately - many times
- yet - so far
- up to now/ until now
- for + 1 kho¶ng t/g
- since + 1 mèc t/g
DiÔn t¶ 1 hµnh ®éng, sù viÖc ®· x¶y ra ë
Qk mµ thêi ®iÓm kh«ng x¸c ®Þnh râ ( hay
nãi vÒ kinh nghiÖm ®· tõng tr¶i qua).
DiÓn t¶ 1 hµnh ®éng b¾t ®Çu ë qu¸ khø
mµ vÉn cßn tiÕp tôc ®Õn hiÖn t¹i.
DiÔn t¶ 1 sù viÖc ®· x¶y ra ë qu¸ khø nhng
kÕt qu¶ cña nã v©n liªn quan ®Õn hiÖn t¹i.
DiÔn t¶ 1 sù viÖc võ míi x¶y ra.
§éng tõ
thêng +
§éng
tõ
To be
S + have / has + PII
has : he, she,it, danh tõ sè Ýt,
danh tõ kh«ng ®Õm ®îc
have : I, You, we, they, danh tõ sè
nhiÒu
S + have / has + not + PII
have not = haven’t
has not = hasn’t
Have / Has + S + PII ?
TL: Yes, S + have / has
No, S + have / has +
not
Wh_Q + have / has + S + PII?
TL: Dïng c©u kh¼ng ®Þnh
The
Past
Perfect
(Qu¸
khø
hoµn
thµnh)
- By / untill + t/g trong qu¸ khø
Eg: By 2005, he had written 5
books.
- Before + t/g trong qk
- After mÖnh ®Ò qk
DiÔn t¶ 1 hµnh ®éng, sù viÖc ®· x¶y ra vµ
hoµn thµnh tríc 1 thêi ®iÓm hoÆc 1sù viÖc
kh¸c ë qu¸ khø. Eg: - They had lived here
before 1985.
- He phoned me after he had passed the
exam.
- Before Ha went to bed, she had finished
her work.
§éng tõ
thêng
+
To be
S + had + PII S + had + not + PII
had not = hadn’t
Had + S + PII ?
TL: Yes, S + had
No, S + hadn’t
Wh_Q + had + S + PII ?
TL: Dïng c©u kh¼ng ®Þnh
The
Present
Perfect
Contin
uous
(HiÖn
t¹i hoµn
thµnh
tiÕp
diÔn)
- for + 1 kháang t/g
- since + 1 mèc t/g
( thêi nµy thêng ®i víi c¸c ®éng
tõ: wait, stay, live, work, learn,
sit, stand…)
Dïng ®Ó nhÊn m¹nh tÝnh liªn tôc cña 1
hµnh ®éng b¾t ®Çu trong qu¸ khø, kÐo dµi
®Õn hiÖn t¹i vµ cßn tiÕp tôc ®Õn t¬ng lai.
Eg: - I have been waiting for you since 4
p.m.
- She has been working for more than 2
hours.
§éng tõ
thêng
S + have/ has + been + Ving
has : he, she,it, danh tõ sè Ýt,
danh tõ kh«ng ®Õm ®îc
have : I, You, we, they, danh tõ sè
nhiÒu
S + have / has + not + been +
Ving
have not = haven’t
has not = hasn’t
Have/ Has + S + been +
Ving?
TL: Yes, S + have/ has
No, S + haven’t/ hasn’t
Wh_Q + have/ has + S + been+Ving ?
TL: Dïng c©u kh¼ng ®Þnh
So s¸nh thêi hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh vµ thêi hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh tiÕp diÔn
HiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh HiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh tiÕp diÔn
- NhÊn m¹nh kÕt qu¶ cña hµnh ®éng. - NhÊn m¹nh tÝnh liªn tôc cña hµnh ®éng
Eg: I have taught for 4 hours today Eg: I have been teaching since 2 p.m
( hµnh ®éng ®· hoµn tÊt vµo lóc nãi, nhÊn m¹nh vµo kÕt qu¶ “ 4 giê”) ( hµnh ®éng cha hoµn tÊt, nhÊn m¹nh vµo tÝnh liªn tôc cña
nã)
Mét sè tõ ®Ó hái: * Gerunds infinitives Passive voice
- What : c¸i g×
- Where : ë ®©u
- When : khi nµo
- What time : mÊy giê
- Who : ai
- Whose : cña ai
- Why : tại sao
- How : nh thÕ nµo
- How far : bao xa
- How long : bao l©u
- How often : hái cho møc ®é
thêng xuyªn
- Hái cho sè lîng :
How many + N ®Õm ®îc sè
Gerund: (V-ing)
Gerund (Danh động từ): là Ving được sử dụng như 1 danh từ.
- Danh động từ có thể dùng làm:
o Chủ ngữ. Eg: Learning English is very useful.
o Tân ngữ. He likes swimming
o Bổ ngữ Her greatest pleasure is reading.
o §èi ng÷ cho giới từ. She is fond of dancing.
- Vị trí của danh động từ:
*Thường đứng sau các động từ chỉ sự yêu, gét, thích hay không thích: like,
love, enjoy, dislike, hate, prefer, mind, can’t stand, can’t bear, can’t help…
* Sau Before/ After/ Without/ By .
*Luôn được dùng sau giới từ (in, on, at, about…..)
to be interested in , to be fed up with, to be good at,to be excited about,
to be bored with, to be fond of, to be tired of, to be scare of,
to be afraid of, to be surprised at , to be amused at, to be pleased with,
to be frightened of, to be delighted at, to be amazed at,
to be fascinated by, to be Terrified of.
*Sau một số động từ khác như:
avoid, finish, keep on = continue, practise, deny, suggest, imagine,
delay, admit, consider, encourage, give up, keep, keep on, miss,
postpone, prefer, have trouble….
Note: * stop + Ving : ngừng làm gì # stop + to V : dừng lại để làm gì…
* try + Ving : thử làm…. # try + to V : cố gắng làm…
* remember + Ving : nhớ đã làm…# remember + to V: nhớ phải
làm…
• To-infinitive: (To-V)
- Sau c¸c ®éng tõ: want, intend, decide,
hope,expect, mean, offer, promise, threaten,
would like,
would love.
- Sau c¸c tÝnh tõ nh: glad, happy, ready, kind, …
- Trong cÊu tróc: ‘too…to’, ‘enough to’,
It takes + sb + to-V
- Trong cÊu tróc: ask, get, tell, want, advise +
sb + (not) to-V
• Bare infinitive: (V)
- Sau c¸c ®éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu.
- Sau c¸c ®éng tõ nh: had better,would
1. Active  passive
Active: S + V + O
Passive: S + To be + PII + (by + O)
(tobe chia theo thêi cña V)
2. C«ng thøc c©u bÞ ®éng ë c¸c thêi
a. HT§: S + am/is/are + PII
b. HTTD: S + am/is/are + being + PII
c. HTHT: S + have/has + been + PII
d. QK§ : S + was/were + PII
e. QKTD: S + was/were + being + PII
f. QKHT: S + had + been + PII
g. TL§G: S + will/shall + be + PII
h.TL gÇn: S +am/is/are +going to be + PII
i. §éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu
S + can/ could/ should + be + PII
must/have to/had to

3. §TNX
lµm chñ
ng÷
§TNX
Lµm t©n
ng÷
TTSH §TSH
Ng«i 1: I
We
Ng«i 2:
You
Ng«i 3:
He
Me
Us
You
Him
Her
It
Them
My
Our
Your
His
Her
Its
Their
Mine
Ours
Yours
His
Hers
Its
Theirs
* Relative pronouns:
Chỉ người Chỉ vật
Chủ ngữ Who Which
Tân ngữ Whom (Who) Which
Sở hữu Whose Whose
( of which)
* Adverb pronouns: (When, Where, Why)
- When thay thế cho At/ In/ On which (chỉ thời gian).
- Where thay thế cho At/ In/ On which (chỉ nơi chốn).
- Why thay thế cho For which (chỉ lý do)
Conditional sentences:
1. Lo¹i 1 ( cã thËt ë hiÖn t¹i)
If + S + am/is/are/V/ Vs,es …, S + will/shall +
V…
2. Lo¹i 2 ( kh«ng cã thËt ë hiÖn t¹i)
If + S + were/Ved/Vqk…, S + would + V…
3. Lo¹i 3 ( Kh«ng cã thËt ë qu¸ khø)
If + S + had + PII…, S + would + have + PII…
4. lo¹i 0 (lu«n ®óng hoÆc ding ®Ó ra lÖnh)
If /When + S + V(present)..., S +V(present)/
Order