This document presents a proposal to evaluate the potential for thermophilic biocatalytic systems in hot springs in the Western Himalayas to biologically fix carbon dioxide and influence the precipitation of calcite and silica. The objectives are to measure CO2 emissions from hot springs, isolate thermophilic microbes and enzymes that can convert CO2 into valuable products like calcium carbonate, and study microbiologically influenced silica mobilization. The methodology involves field work to collect samples, culturing thermophiles, purifying enzymes, analyzing CO2 conversion and precipitate formation. The expected outcomes are new insights into hot spring CO2 fluxes, demonstrating biocatalytic CO2 conversion technologies, and reporting thermophiles capable

1. Evaluation of CO2 bio fixation
potentiality of Thermophile
biocatalytic system and role on
calcite and silica precipitation in hot
springs of western Himalayas
Presented By : SHAGUN SHARMA
Roll No:D22172
School : SCENE
Date of Registration: 06/02/23

2. Contents
• Introduction
• Importance
• Objectives
• Methodology
• Procedure
• Expected outcomes
• List of Courses
• Work Plan
• References

3. INTRODUCTION
•Rapid industrialization and human growth cause the several types of
global environmental issues over a past several decades.
•The CO2 concentration in the atmosphere are currently nearing 418.19
parts per million. Since the beginning of the industrial age the
concentration has increased by 47 percent, from 280 parts per million.

4. •According to some projections, anthropogenic CO2 levels could
also reach 590 ppm by 2100, resulting in a 1.9°C rise in global
temperature.
•Hot springs in the North Western Himalayan region release huge amount of
CO2 into the atmosphere because of varying temperatures and chemical
environments, which contribute to the global carbon cycle.
•CO2 can be transform into useful products mainly through electrochemical
biochemical, biological, photochemical, and thermo-chemical approaches.
•Biological reduction of CO2 using biocatalytic system is used for making some
valuable products like CaCO3 ,alcohols etc.
INTRODUCTION

5. Importance
• CO2 conversion is important not just because it is a greenhouse gas that
causes a variety of climate consequences, but also because it is the most
abundant source of valuable organic chemicals.
• The CO2 conversion into high-value products like calcium carbonate
(CaCO3), bio cement, methane (CH4) and methanol (CH3OH) is being
considered as a possible path to achieving long-term global growth with
minimal environmental effects.
• Biocatalytic CO2 conversion strategies offer not only a potential
technology for CO2 reduction, but also important for the production of
value added chemicals like multicarbon compounds, carbonate salts,
cements and biodiesel etc.
• The biocatlaytic conversion of CO2 has attracted increasing international
interest due to its industrial applications and ability to convert
greenhouse gas into high-value products.

6. Objectives
• To estimation of the total CO2 output or fluxes into the atmosphere from
the geothermal hot spring pools.
• To screen potential new CO2 converting thermophile and CO2 converting
enzymes producing microbes from north western Himalayan hot
springs.
• Isolation and purification of thermostable CO2 converting enzymes and
CO2 transformation into production of value added products.
• Advancement and improvement of purified thermostable CO2 converting
enzymes through enzyme immobilization techniques.
• Study of microbiologically mediated silica mobilization of north
western Himalayan hot springs.

7. Methodology
•The location of springs or geographic position will be investigated For the CO2
output or fluxes experiment the water, gas and sediments samples will be
collected from western Himalayan hot spring located at Himachal Pradesh.
• Inverted funnel will be used for sampling of bubbling gases and stored glass
flasks equipped with two stopcocks until analyses. . An inductively coupled
plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) will be used to measure the
metal concentration in the sediments and water sample. Total organic carbon
(TOC) will be measure by using TOC analyser.
•Potent CO2 converting thermophile strains will be isolated through microbial
culture method.
•The enzyme purification shall performed chromatographic purification.

8. Methodology
•Purified enzymes and microbes will be analysed for CO2 conversion efficiency
and calcite precipitation. Calcite and silica precipitation in hot springs of
western Himalayas will also be analysed.
•Biosynthetic nano-particles shall used for immobilization of microbes and
purified enzyme for activating towards CO2 conversion.
•A gas chromatography method will be used to determine the amounts of
Methane, hydrogen, and CO2 gas equipped with thermal conductivity detector
(GC-TCD) methods. Total inorganic carbon will have determined by the TIC
analyzer.
• The precipitated materials like calcite and silica will be analyses using
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared
spectroscopy FTIR.
•Publication of Research papers, Final Report Writing and Submission.

9. Step wise procedure

10. Expected Outcomes
• The proposed study will highlight the investigation of CO2 emission from
the western Himalayan hot spring located at Himachal Pradesh and CO2
output in the atmosphere.
• The proposed bio system for CO2 conversion would highlight the
potential of biocatalytic -based technology, such as microorganisms and
enzymatic CO2 conversion, for the synthesis of valuble chemicals and CO2
sequestration will explore an emerging application of thermophiles.
• As far as recent study, the present study will report first time Himalayan
hot spring habitat for CO2 conversion into industrial value added
products based on highly thermostable bio system.
• If the expected outcome is delivered, present study might open the field
for various approaches of CO2 conversion and utilisation.

11. 1st semester
Course Code Course Name Credits
CE561 Science of Climate Change 3
HS550 Statistical Method 4
RM600 Research Methodology 1
2nd semester
Course Code Course Name Credits
CE558 Air Pollution and its mitigation 3
IC136 Biotechnology and its application 3
List of cources

12. Activities Semester
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Course Work
Literature Review
Basic
Experimentation and
Cultivation
Development,
Advancement, and
Improvement of CO2
Performing
Instrumental
Characterization
Thesis Writing
Work plan

13. Refrences
• Chauhan, D. S., Sharma, R., & Kumar, S. (2017). Hydrogeochemistry, stable isotope study and implication
for the origin of geothermal springs in Northeast Kumaun Himalaya, India. Himal Geol, 38(2), 129-140.
• Giri, A., Banerjee, U. C., Kumar, M., & Pant, D. (2018). Intracellular carbonic anhydrase from Citrobacter
freundii and its role in bio-sequestration. Bioresource technology, 267, 789-792.
• Khalil, M., Gunlazuardi, J., Ivandini, T. A., & Umar, A. (2019). Photocatalytic conversion of CO2 using
earth-abundant catalysts: A review on mechanism and catalytic performance. Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews, 113, 109246.
• Nevin, K. P., Hensley, S. A., Franks, A. E., Summers, Z. M., Ou, J., Woodard, T. L., ... & Lovley, D. R. (2011).
Electrosynthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide is catalyzed by a diversity of acetogenic
microorganisms. Applied and environmental microbiology, 77(9), 2882-2886
• NOAA, 2022. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S.
• Rossi, F., Olguín, E. J., Diels, L., & De Philippis, R. (2015). Microbial fixation of CO2 in water bodies and in
drylands to combat climate change, soil loss and desertification. New biotechnology, 32(1), 109-120.
• Schlager, S., Haberbauer, M., Fuchsbauer, A., Hemmelmair, C., Dumitru, L. M., Hinterberger, G., ... &
Sariciftci, N. S. (2017). Bio‐electrocatalytic application of microorganisms for carbon dioxide reduction to
methane. Chemsuschem, 10(1), 226-233.
• Tiwari, S. K., Gupta, A. K., & Asthana, A. K. L. (2020). Evaluating CO2 flux and recharge source in
geothermal springs, Garhwal Himalaya, India: stable isotope systematics and geochemical proxies.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(13), 14818-14835.
• Tiwari, S. K., Rai, S. K., Bartarya, S. K., Gupta, A. K., & Negi, M. (2016). Stable isotopes (δ13CDIC, δD,
δ18O) and geochemical characteristics of geothermal springs of Ladakh and Himachal (India): Evidence
for CO2 discharge in northwest Himalaya. Geothermics, 64, 314-330.

14. THANKYOU