5. CEREBRAL HEMISPHERESCEREBRAL HEMISPHERES
Left hemisphereLeft hemisphere
Responsible for speech,Responsible for speech,
Math computationsMath computations
Processes right visual areaProcesses right visual area
6. RIGHT HEMISPHERESRIGHT HEMISPHERES
• Spatial tasks, visualizing in 3-D, processesSpatial tasks, visualizing in 3-D, processes
left visual filedleft visual filed
• Communicate via Corpus CallosumCommunicate via Corpus Callosum
7. THE CEREBRAL CORTEXTHE CEREBRAL CORTEX
The outer regionThe outer region
Cerebral cortexCerebral cortex
Formations of foldsFormations of folds
ConvolutionsConvolutions
Increase of surface areaIncrease of surface area
8. THE CEREBRAL CORTEXTHE CEREBRAL CORTEX
Reception of sensory informationReception of sensory information
Processing the informationProcessing the information
9.
10.
11. THE CEREBRAL CORTEXTHE CEREBRAL CORTEX
• Stores some memory for future usageStores some memory for future usage
• Directs voluntary movementsDirects voluntary movements
• Responsible for thinkingResponsible for thinking
• The Central CoreThe Central Core
12. CEREBRAL CORTEXCEREBRAL CORTEX
• Primary sensory area
• Reception of signals originating in sense
organs
• Conversion of subjective expressions e. g
light and sound
• Involve in speech
• Interpretation of sensations of touch from
all parts of body
13. CORTICAL AREASCORTICAL AREAS
• Primary motor area - located in the frontal lobePrimary motor area - located in the frontal lobe
• the finer the movement of a body part, the larger thethe finer the movement of a body part, the larger the
area it takes up on the primary motor area.area it takes up on the primary motor area.
• Primary sensory areas - the more sensitive a body partPrimary sensory areas - the more sensitive a body part
is to perception, the larger area it takes up (i.e. theis to perception, the larger area it takes up (i.e. the
tongue)tongue)
14. CORTICAL AREASCORTICAL AREAS
• Visual area - fibers from the right side of both eyes go to the rightVisual area - fibers from the right side of both eyes go to the right
side of the brain.side of the brain.
• Association areas - all other parts of the brainAssociation areas - all other parts of the brain
• receives input from the sensory areasreceives input from the sensory areas
• receives input from lower parts of the brainreceives input from lower parts of the brain
• involved in perception, thought, decision-makinginvolved in perception, thought, decision-making
15. CEREBRAL CORTEXCEREBRAL CORTEX
• The Cerebral Cortex - gray matterThe Cerebral Cortex - gray matter
• newest portion of the brainnewest portion of the brain
• covers the rest of the brain.covers the rest of the brain.
• about 1/8 inch thick, contains billionsabout 1/8 inch thick, contains billions
of neuronsof neurons
• 80% of total brain volume80% of total brain volume
• can be divided into 4 regions or lobescan be divided into 4 regions or lobes
(occipital, temporal, parietal, frontal(occipital, temporal, parietal, frontal
16.
17.
18. MID MRAINMID MRAIN
• Reduced in humans
• Visual reflexesVisual reflexes
• Auditory reflexAuditory reflex
• Motivation of movementMotivation of movement
• Reticular formationReticular formation
• involved in sleep and arousal, excites cerebral cortexinvolved in sleep and arousal, excites cerebral cortex
• Relay center connecting hind brain with fore-brainRelay center connecting hind brain with fore-brain
• Screening of information before it reach high brainScreening of information before it reach high brain
structurestructure
•
22. PONSPONS
• Appear to influence transitions between sleepAppear to influence transitions between sleep
and wakefulnessand wakefulness
• Rate and pattern of breathingRate and pattern of breathing
• Assists cerebellum in controlling movement andAssists cerebellum in controlling movement and
postureposture
•
•
24. CEREBELLUMCEREBELLUM
• Looks like a little brainLooks like a little brain
• In control of force and range of movement.In control of force and range of movement.
• Helps initiate and control rapid limb movement (kicking, punching)Helps initiate and control rapid limb movement (kicking, punching)
• Co-ordinating movements of the bodyCo-ordinating movements of the body
• GuidanceGuidance
• Smoothness of motionsSmoothness of motions
• Accuration of motionsAccuration of motions
•
25. CEREBELLUMCEREBELLUM
• Maintenance of body positionsMaintenance of body positions
• Learning and memory storageLearning and memory storage
• Best developed in birdsBest developed in birds
• Engaged in complex activities in flightEngaged in complex activities in flight
•
26. OTHER AREAS OF BRAINOTHER AREAS OF BRAIN
• Wernicke's area - in left temporal lobe in most people languageWernicke's area - in left temporal lobe in most people language
comprehension.comprehension.
• Broca's area - usually on left hemisphere - speach productionBroca's area - usually on left hemisphere - speach production
problemsproblems
• Aphasia - disorder of language that is often found when people haveAphasia - disorder of language that is often found when people have
suffered a stroke or some kind of damage to the brainsuffered a stroke or some kind of damage to the brain..
30. SPINAL CORDSPINAL CORD
• Arise from medulla oblongata
• Oval shaped hollow cylinder
• Composed of large number of
neurons,cell fibers and bodies
• Arrangement in a definite pattern
• In cross section
• Butterfly section
31.
32. SPINAL CORDSPINAL CORD
Inner portion
Grey matter
Contain a central canal
Cell bodies and non-myelinated nerve fibers
• Outer portion composed of white matter
• Myelinated nerve fibers
34. SACETYL CHOLINESACETYL CHOLINE
• ACETYL CHOLINEACETYL CHOLINE
• Responsible for muscle communication,Responsible for muscle communication,
affects memory.affects memory.
35. SEROTONINSEROTONIN
• Affects mood, eating behaviorAffects mood, eating behavior
• Keeps more serotonin in the system.Keeps more serotonin in the system.
36. DOPAMINEDOPAMINE
• Dopamine - too much = SchizophrenicDopamine - too much = Schizophrenic
symptoms.symptoms.
• Too little = Parkinson symptoms.Too little = Parkinson symptoms.
• Drugs treating Schizophrenia can lead toDrugs treating Schizophrenia can lead to
Parkinsonian symptomsParkinsonian symptoms
