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Preventive Healthcare Magazine
Vol 10. No.1 June 2006 Rs.10
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aarogyam 8
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Editor in Chief
Dr. A Velumani, Ph.D.
Executive Editor
Dr. Nirmala R, Ph.D.
Editorial Board
Dr. Kadival G V, Ph.D
Dr. Samuel A M, M.D.
Dr. Caesar Sengupta, M.D.
Dr. Durgaprasad N Agrawal, M.D.
Dr. Shamim Sheikh, M.D.
Editorial Assistance
Sara Chacko
Bincy C P
Soumya Jose
Marketing
Mohana Krishnan P
Production & Administration
Rao Rajagopal J K
Rathinaswamy A
Circulation
Sundararaju A
Suseela Selvaraj
Designing
Santhosh M
JUNE 2006
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without prior permission of the
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The views expressed in these articles and
/ or any other matter printed herein are not
necessarily those of the Editor and / or
Publisher. Editor / Publisher do not accept
any responsibility for the veracity of any
thing stated in any of the articles /
advertisements published here. Sincere
efforts have been made to provide the
latest and reliable information to readers
on health and related topics. But the
reader is best advised to consult the
physician for diagnosis and treatment
incase of any illness.
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Thyrocare Technologies Limited
Printed at : Thyrocare,
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Autoimmune Disorders
Pregnancy
Kidney Stones
Heart Diseases
Obesity
AIDS
Preventive Healthcare
Cancer
Diabetes
Brands in healthcare
Drinking and Liver
5
6
9
10
14
16
18
23
28
30
32
this issue

MUSINGS ASPIRATIONS
AND
Dear Readers,
It pleases me to pen my thoughts for Thyrocare's 'Aarogyam'. In an era, where
majority of newspapers or magazines are happy to display and talk about hot
politics, sensational crimes or sexy cinema, I am venturing into writing about
something which is least talked about , 'medical knowledge'. What is right, what
goes wrong, when to doubt what is going wrong, how to get them back to
normalcy, how to prevent heath going wrong - these will be the core of the
contents in this magazine. My ardent wish and fervent hope is that through this
magazine the health awareness increases manifold among the general
population in the country. Is health education that important? Is there a need? Is
it so urgent? My observations tell me that yes, there is a 'real real' lacuna in
health knowledge among the public at large. Hundreds of such publications are
required to reach the crores of population. I wish 'aarogyam' monthly catered to
at least 0.1% of them.
　
In Monsoon 1982, I left my native village near Coimbatore, for a job in Mumbai.
Neither my mother knew where Mumbai was, nor she knew that that I was off to a
land where language and culture were totally different. I missed her a lot and
there was adequate home sickness for me to contemplate a come back. Neither I
had a telephone at my end nor she had one (fortunately); in fact the entire village
did not have one. This necessitated that I 'write' to my mother to keep her abreast
of the happenings in my new life. With the inland letter costing only 25 paise, it
was a good medium to overcome my homesickness. She used to read that letter
every day, again and again and also keep reading it every other day till I wrote
one more. She enjoyed reading them and 'motivated' me to write more often and
her motivation is what made me get interested in writing and subsequently
publications.
　
I know a lot of graduates and post graduates in science and medicine who are
highly talented in their profession and highly knowledgeable too. I did make
requests and tried to motivate them to write. But either they have no time, or they
have no confidence or they have no interest and I conclude this because none
have taken me seriously. In this editorial why I remembered my mother was to
request you readers, to inform me if you enjoyed reading "aarogyam". Criticize
me if I sound biased. Write along with me if you have talents to educate or inform
or guide the medically ignorant. Just as my mother motivated me in the 1980s,
presently I trust the readers to continue to motivate us strongly enough so that
'Arogyam' becomes a useful source of health information for all.
Dr. A. Velumani
Editor-in-Chief

When one talks about auto- simple task either. If you reduce the
immunity, one is reminded of the power of the immune system, then
death of our prime minister late Mrs. you are inviting trouble from the host
Indira Gandhi. It is not that she died of infections around waiting to attack.
because of autoimmune disease but what Hence the treatment includes a
happened to her is something that explains number of costly options, which are
autoimmunity. She had security guards to either anti- rheumatic drugs, like
protect her from others who may do harm methotrexate, which aim to slow the
to her which is similar to the immune course of RA or the newer drugs
system in our body which is supposed to called TNF-inhibitors (Tumour
defend our body against infections and Necrosis Factor) that alter the
invasions by pathogens. But those guards abnormal immune response seen in
unfortunately one day recognised her as an the disease.
enemy and killed her. This is what happens
in autoimmunity too. Most of the patients either live with
pain or live with painkillers.
The immune system recognises compo- Researchers are quite focused on this
nents of our body as ‘non-self’ and segment because it would provide a
destroys it. People get pain, swelling or solution for crores of population
even die due to autoimmune disorders. affected by this unpredictable and
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoim- unfortunate painful autoimmune
mune disorder in which the immune disorder. The tests often done in a
system mistakenly attacks the lining of the laboratory for autoimmunity are:
joints and starts treating the tissue as a ANA (antinuclear antibodies), Anti ds
pathogen. This can cause repeated DNA (antibodies against double
episodes of inflammation, stiffness and stranded DNA) and also HLA B 27.
mild to severe pain. Over the years, the (There are more than 30 laboratory
affected joints may lose their normal shape tests done for autoimmune disorders
and orientation leading to a painful life specific against various cell and tissue
long disability. The treatment is not a components)
Autoimmune Disorders
June 2006 5

6 June 2006
PREGNANCY
Reproduction is very vital
for life to continue.
Having healthy and happy
children is a dream of every
adult. Pregnancy, if planned
well, can be the most
memorable period in a
woman's life. The day when
one hears the news of
pregnancy for the first time,
can be a day of immense joy
for the entire family. The next
year or two the pregnant lady
may not do what she had been
doing for years may not eat
the same thing she was eating
and almost from outfits to
outlooks undergoes a
complete change. Poor or
rich, the event pregnancy
brings in a lot of hopes and
dreams.
Pregnancy is divided into three trimesters (a
period of three months) marked by specific
foetal developments. The first trimester is 0 to 13
weeks. This period is crucial for the baby's
development. During this period, baby's body
structure and organ systems develop. Liver becomes
liver and lung becomes lung in this period only.
Incidentally, most miscarriages and pregnancy
related mishaps occur during this period. This
period is often a very bad phase for a few ladies who
have excessive vomiting. Nutrition for the mother
and baby is a stress due to this and some times loss of
weight can be observed in this trimester.
The second trimester is from 13 to 26 weeks. This is
comparatively a ‘comfortable period’ because many
of the unpleasant effects of early pregnancy have
ended. Due to gaining weight of the foetus, back
FIRST TRIMESTER
0-13 weeks
SECOND TRIMESTER
13-26 weeks
THIRD TRIMESTER
26-40 weeks
STAGES OF PREGNANCY

June 2006 7
three months excessive vomiting canpain, abdominal pain, leg cramps,
cause a slight loss of weight. The totalconstipation and heartburn can occur in this
gain for the full term is about 10 to 25%period. Eating a good and balanced diet is
of the pre-pregnancy weight.crucial for the health of both.
The energy requirement duringThe third trimester is 26 to 40 weeks. This is
pregnancy is increased for maintainingthe final stretch of pregnancy and there is
the growth of the foetus, and alsoanxiety and excitement about baby's birth. In
maternal tissues. In the early pregnancyfact the mother can understand, feel and even
period it is minimal but rises sharplysee the movements of the foetus right from
towards the end of the first trimester20th week. Shortness of breath, urinary
and then remains more or less constantincontinence, varicose veins and sleeping
for the second and third trimester.problems occur in this period.
There is increased demand for protein
during pregnancy particularly in theCommon advises are diet and nutrition,
second half of the pregnancy. Proteinregular exercise and avoiding alcohol,
intake can be through taking meats,caffeine and tobacco. A balanced diet is a
milk and eggs. Some plant foods such asbasic part of good health at all times in life.
legumes, seeds and cereal grains canDuring pregnancy diet is even more
also provide high quality protein.important. The food you eat are the main
source of the nutrients for your baby. The
A good intake of all vitamins andweight gain for a mother during pregnancy is
minerals is essential but some areabout 1.5 kg in first three months. In the first
particularly important such as calcium.
It is essential for the formation of foetal
bones and teeth and also for storage for
future demands during lactation. Use of
vitamin D and calcium reduces
muscular cramps of pregnancy. Dairy
products, fish, green vegetables are
calcium rich diets. Iron requirement is
increased. Iron is required for foetus
and for the mother due to increased
production of haemoglobin. This
increased demand can be supplemented
by taking iron rich foods like meat,
liver, fish, eggs, green leafy vegetables
and dried fruits. Iron absorption can be
improved by taking vitamin C foods
such as citrus fruits and juices.
A balanced and
nutritious diet is
very important
during pregnancy

Create a good family by the
entire family working together
for a happy and stress free
pregnancy period.
Yes, every effort should be taken to ensure
that the growth is normal and above normal
but the problem sometimes is “heavy babies”.
Though actual birth weight alone does not
indicate any over weight problems, it has been
often read recently that “obesity is due to over
nutrition” and that should not start from
pregnancy. It is necessary that every pregnant
lady should walk enough and do exercises
adequately during pregnancy. Unfortunately
in this era, ladies start walking cautiously even
when she hears that she is positive on
pregnancy test and would take an auto
rickshaw or taxi to avoid stress to the foetus.
In fact, the more a lady works or walks in her
pregnancy, the more it benefits to the foetus.
4Thyroid disorders are seen in around 1 to 2 % of the total population.
4Thyroid disorders are more common in women, accounting for 80% of the total
cases..
4Thyroid starts functioning right from 2nd or 3rd month of the foetus life.
4Thyroid deficiency in infants can lead to mental retardation.
4Thyroid does not function at birth for one among 10,000 babies.
4Thyroid test is mandatory on birth (neonatal screening) in developed countries.
4Thyroid hormone deficiency leads to weight gain and often gives constipation
4Thyroid hormone excess leads to weight loss and often gives loose motions.
4Thyroid hormone excess or deficiency can lead to tiredness and weakness.
4Thyroid dysfunction itself does not give fever or pain or swelling.
4Thyroid hormones help to build the brain and nervous system.
4Thyroid disorders are not really heriditary.
4Thyroid disorder (hyperthyroidism and cancer) is treated with radioactivity.
4Thyroid cannot make hormone if Iodine is not available.
4Thyroid swelling (goiter) is often seen in normal pregnant women.
4Thyroid cancer is not as life threatening as other cancers, in most cases.
4Thyrocare is world's largest thyroid testing laboratory.
Do you know?
Can babies think inside, do they smile, do they get influenced by the mental health of the
mother? Although answers to all these are not clear, there is no doubt that mothers should
have a stress free, happy mind.
8 June 2006

K
other chemical substances. These are part
of a person's normal diet and make up
important parts of the body such as bones
and muscles. Kidney stones are also
produced when excess of acid is present or
by an infection in the urinary tract. Stonesidney stones… an extremely painful
occur more frequently in men. It risesevent… If you've ever passed a
dramatically as men enter their 40s andkidney stone, you're not likely to forget
continues to rise in to their 70s. Forthe experience. A kidney stone is a solid
women, the prevalence of kidney stonespiece of material that develops from
peaks in their 50s.substances that separate from the urine and
build upon the inner surfaces of the
If the stones remain tiny enough, they willkidney.
travel through urinary tract (a duct for
passing out urine) and pass out of the bodyThe kidneys are two bean shaped organs,
in the urine without being noticed. Butreddish brown in color located below the
sometimes a stone will not just go away. Itribs cage toward the middle of the back. A
gets larger and blocks the flow of urine andkidney of a normal human adult weights
cause: • Extreme pain in the back or sideabout 150 gms. The kidneys clean the
that will not go away • Blood in urine •blood; filter-out extra water and waste
Fever and chills • Vomiting • Urine thatproducts making urine just like a tea filter
smells bad or looks cloudy • A burningremoving the unwated tea leaves from tea.
feeling when urinating.In addition kidneys also help control blood
pressure, make red blood cells and keep
Blood tests, urine analysis, X-rays, andbones strong.
ultrasound scan are done for the diagnosis
of kidney stones. Small stones can beNormally, urine contains chemicals that
removed by medicines or noninvasiveprevent or inhibit stone formation.
techniques however big stones areHowever, in some people it does occur.
removed by surgery.Kidney stone may be as small as a grain of
sand or as large as a pearl or golf balls.
Prevention is always better than cure.Stones may be smooth or jagged and are
Take nutritious food and drink plenty ofusually yellow or brown in color. One in
water to prevent the formation of kidneyevery 20 persons develops a kidney stone
stones. If one has a family history of stonesat some point in their life. Kidney stones
go in for regular health check up. Ifform when there is a decrease in urine
diagnosed with kidney stones, medicationvolume or an excess of stone forming
should be followed promptly.substances in the urine. Kidney stones are
formed due to calcium in combination with
KIDNEY
STONES
KIDNEY
STONES
June 2006 9

All other diseases are safe when we
compare them to heart attacks because if
the heart stops everything stops. There are two
unpleasant things about it. One is that, it is a
costly health problem. Anybody with a heart
ailment cannot go to street corner nursing home
but only can go to star hospitals. After
admission in the hospital, the bills can cause
another heart attack! Some people wish that they
had died in sleep, due to a heart attack so that
they need not see the ceilings of the hospitals.
Nothing else can be as frustrating as lying in a
hospital without option to complete the next few
days in life.
What goes wrong with a heart should be known
to all in the middle age at least. Heart is a natural
pump, approximately the size of a closed fist of
an individual's hand about 10 cm long and
weighs about 300 gms, which is around 1/200th
of the body weight. You must have heard of
“effluent treatment plant” from pollution
conscious people. Heart does exactly the same
and ensures that the blood is kept “pure”. It does
not purify blood by itself but it sends blood to
lungs, kidney and skin to ensure that they are
doing their job and sending blood back to it.
An electric pump is used to carry water from the
ground level to the top of our building. Could
The average heart beats
72 times per minute. That
means your heart beats
over 100,000 times a day
and in one year will beat
roughly 38 million (3.8
crore) times. By the time
you reach 70 years of
age, you heart will have
beaten 2.5 billion times -
without a minute of rest
10 June 2006

Coronary heart disease is the No.1 cause of premature death throughout the world. Take it seriously,
make sure you have your blood pressure and cholesterol levels tested regularly.
has created? Any of the possibilities exist:this pump be left running continuously
blockage of vessels which carry blood tofor around 70 - 100 years? Never! But
heart, leakage of walls that separate heartheart can, without a break in some
compartments or damage of valves involvedcases even more than 100 years. In a
in traffic. Of these the most often heard causeday it drives around 7,500 liters of
is damage to an area of heart muscle becauseblood through the blood vessels,
of an inadequate supply of oxygen to that areabeating almost one lakh times a day.
due to blockage of the vessel supplying bloodBut the heart cannot be switched off
to that area. It some times allows only a feweven for a minute. And so, Nature, the
hours to defend in a few unfortunategreatest of all designers, has introduced
individuals. If it allows only a few minutesthe “in-between beats” rest for the
then the individual does not reach a hospitalheart.
and the death is peaceful too. If it allows a few
hours, then it only makes death too costly andIncidentally heart also requires blood
painful. In some cases, where the interventionsupply for its functioning. Heart
is timely, and the solution is fairly simple,muscles should get this supply from the
then it allows months and years of life toheart like any other organs. Thus, heart
continue but of course with a lot ofhas its own consumption while it acts as
restrictions.a pump for other organs to get blood.
Yes, there are blood vessels which
bring in blood, take it out, have
compartments to store and dispatch,
with valves working like traffic
signals, and all controlled by brain.
With a good brain - heart coordination
work goes on tirelessly without even
our knowledge for years on end.
What can go wrong with such a
powerful and error free system nature
June 2006 11

90% of the heart problems are due to
this vessel blockage and in medical
terms they are called as ‘cardiovascu-
lar disorders’. What is the block and
why it happens is a subject of interest
and ongoing research. We eat and
drink more than thousands of different
eatables and they can be from, soil
origin, water origin, plant origin,
animal origin or synthesised too. They
can contain anything and in them many
things could be detrimental to our body
and especially blood system. It is likely
that some of them, after digestion and
absorption form deposits in the blood
vessels by aggregation, sedimentation,
precipitation or corrosion. It may start
as a small, unknown problem and over
the years it could become so big that it
blocks the passage of blood. That
results into heart attack.
Stress, excess fat, high cholesterol
level, smoking, alcohol intake,
diabetes, blood pressure, and family
history are said to be major
contributors. A blood vessel can get
blocked due to build up or deposit of fat symptoms one may be not sure what went
or other materials on the inner lining of wrong and these symptoms may subside very
the vessel causing it to narrow and soon. Even those who have had heart attack
thicken. Some times the fat deposit before may not recognise their symptoms,
might completely close up a blood because the next attack can have entirely
vessel. The complete blockage stops different ones. It's vital that every one learn
the flow of oxygen rich blood to the the warning signs of a heart attack. These are
heart. Without oxygen, the cells of the varying degrees of chest pain or discomfort,
heart begin to die and results in heart weakness, shortness of breath, breaking out
attack. in a cold sweat, nausea, vomiting, and
sometimes causing loss of consciousness.
A heart attack is a frightening event and
probably no one wants to think about it. For a healthier heart avoid tobacco smoke,
But, if we learn the signs of heart attack monitor high blood pressure, eat food low in
and what steps to take, we can save a cholesterol and fats, be physically active by
life may be ourselves. What are the exercising, maintain a healthy weight and
signs of a heart attack? Many people have routine health check-ups. Four simple
think a heart attack is sudden and words to practice are “Eat less and walk
intense, like a heart attack scene in a more,” it is as simple as that; in preventive
movie, where a person clutches his or care for the heart. All of us should remember
her chest and falls over. The truth is this whenever we eat without hunger and call
that heart attack starts slowly, as a mild a Taxi without a need.
pain or discomfort. With such
Ensuring more physical activity by
regular exercising along with
controlled diet is important to keep
heart diseases away
12 June 2006

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OOBESITY
Incidentally more than
30% of the population,
above the age of 10 in
USA are said to be
classified as "Obese" while
in Korea it is only 3 to
4%.
Obesity, simple to observe but a complex one to define, is a condition
where the size of the body, and the distribution of weight, is said to
be risky in the long run to live a quality life. It means that the individuals
with obesity have an elevated risk factor for certain health conditions as
well as increased mortality. It results due to accumulation of unutilised
2
energy into mass. E=mc is the relationship, between
mass and energy as taught by Great Scientist Einstein 100 years back.
Excessive body weight or obesity has been shown to correlate
unfortunately with various devastating diseases, particularly
cardiovascular disease, diabetes, sleep apnea and osteoarthritis and
could also cause infertility, stress and depression.
The solution for obesity obviously is not so simple, though practically, if
energy is spent mass should dissolve. But the problem has a lot to do with
the socio, economic and even genetic links and if obesity is so simple to
solve, who would like to look ugly? In its treatment modalities, first
comes is change of life style. It advocates, walk to your market or office,
even if you have a Mercedes Benz. Do all your work on your own even if
mathematically
14 June 2006

you can afford half a dozen servants.
Spend 2 hrs in a day for your health even
if you are as rich or as productive a man
as Mr. Anil Ambani.
Incidentally if one analyses, 1000 house
wives who have more than one servant,
the number of obese would be three
times the number of obese servants
among the 1000 servants working for
them? What option to choose and how to
choose from all available ‘painful’
options is making obesity to rule those
who are its unfortunate victims.
If one considers getting up early and
spending an hour or two in spending the The answer is "no". Every cashewnut
additional calories as ‘too tough’ then consumed brings down the purpose of
they have to reduce their intake. That is eating and it is better if one stops on 5th
easier said than done. Every guest cashewnut so that you had maximum fun
coming in, every birthday or anniversary and minimum damage. If one follows
passing by, every essential business this, then they are likely to have fewer
dinner, unavoidable marriages and problems than those arising due to
receptions, tempting fried and loaded consumption of 100th cashew. The rule
junk foods - all have to be managed with is true and correct for number of idlies,
a single phenomenon ‘will - power’. A or gulab jamuns or ice-creams or
study on effect of dieting shows that 80% chicken leg Pieces as well.
of those who diet end up becoming more
obese when their will power is defeated On the exercise front, ‘do what is
and the remaining 20% come back to comparatively difficult’.
where they started.
Avoid lying down, if you are not
Then many say medicines, surgery and a sleeping. Avoid sitting if you can stand
lot of health clinics thrive on a promise and do that work. Avoid standing if you
that you will never be what you are. can walk and do that work. Avoid
What actually they can do, at what cost walking if you can run and complete it.
(to pocket) and what cost (to your Do not use an automobile if what you
existing health) and how long they can need from market is not an emergency.
help you remains a debatable subject for Do not use a calling bell if you can give
press, consumers and the business the file in the next room by yourself.
community which promote them. Avoid using a lift if you have to go two or
three floors up or down. Do not drive to
Is there a solution? Perhaps CET may office if it is not more than 3 kilometers.
work or 'Cost Effective Therapy'. CET Do not trouble your old mother for a
is a simple blend of diet and exercise. glass of water. You may wonder can all
‘Eat what you like but not as much as you these make one slim. No, they cannot
like’. How to manage this is a question. make you to get your dream figure but
If you have 100 cashewnuts, would you they can certainly help you to reduce a
enjoy eating the 100th cashewnut as few kilograms which otherwise would
much as you enjoyed the 1st cashewnut? add up.
June 2006 15

S
ports Stars, Cinema Stars and also Politicians all talk
about AIDS. The richest man on this earth Mr Bill
Gates too talks about it often and spends billions of
dollars on it. What is this all about? Let us also talk.
AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
Acquired means that the disease is acquired from others and
immune deficiency means that it is a disease that result in a
suppressed immune status. The virus said to be casuing
havoc is HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
AIDS, a disease unheard of 25 years back, was first
recognised in 1981 in New York city. The AIDS virus was
discovered and reported by Luc Montaigner of France in
1983. In India, one of the first cases of AIDS was
reported by Dr. R.D Lele in Mumbai. In just 25
years, talks or fear about HIV infection has
spread to every country in the world and
every nook and corner in our country. It
has so far infected not less than 4 crores
of people globally (almost 1% of the
global population!).
The HIV virus kills or damages
white blood cells of the body's
immune system. HIV progress-
ively destroys the body's ability
to fight infections and thus it
makes the affected individual
susceptible to various illness.
People diagnosed with AIDS
may develop life-threatening
diseases from fungus viruses or
bacteria that rarely make
healthy people sick. These
infections are called oppor-
tunistic infections and the
people with diminished
immune defense obviously
collapse.
A I D SA I D S
16 June 2006

Following initial infection there may
not be any symptoms. The progression
of disease varies widely among
individuals. This state may last from a
few months to more than 10 years.
During this period, the virus continues
to multiply actively and infects and
kills the cells of the immune system.
The immune system allows us to fight
against the bacteria, viruses and other
infectious causes. Once the immune
system weakens, a person infected
with HIV can develop the following
symptoms:
4Lack of energyThe length of time between being infected
4Weight losswith HIV and being diagnosed with AIDS
4Frequent fevers and sweatsdepends on lot of different things.
4Persistent/frequent yeast infections
4Persistent skin rashes or flaky skinHIV, though has many routes of infection,
4Short-term memory lossunprotected sex seems to be the major
4Mouth, genital or anal sores fromcontributor. The Virus is passed on if an
herpes infections.individual is having sexual intercourse with an
infected person or by sharing needles used to
There are Four Common tests done ininject drugs with an infected person. A child
a laboratory to diagnose HIV / AIDScan also be infected by being born to a mother
are :who has HIV and a very small number of
people get infected by having medical
HIV Dot Blot: Costs around Rs. 150treatment using infected blood transfusions.
and it is done in almost all
laboratories.Remember HIV can't be caught by kissing,
hugging or shaking hands with an infected HIV ELISA: Costs around Rs. 250
person and it can't be transmitted by sneezes, and is done in medium sized
door handles or dirty glasses. laboratories.
HIV Western Blot: Costs around
Rs.1500 and is done in only a few
laboratories.
HIV PCR: It costs around Rs. 2000
and is done only in networked and
branded laboratories.
A socially and morally predictable and
acceptable sexual behaviour seems to be
the best preventive care possible for this
menace.
THE VIRUS
The World is up against the worst and most
dreaded terror. Creating complete awareness
is the only solution to eradicate the disease.
June 2006 17

Preventive
FEATURE
Healthcare
Preventive healthcare has become
the most popular concept in the
new millennium. People are
becoming more concerned about health
aspects. But to be healthy or to start
acting proactively to preserve, maintain
or improve one's health an individual
needs to first know his/her current health
status. Thyrocare thrives to fulfil this
particular need of all the health conscious
individuals.
Screening for abnormalities is an
important aspect of preventive measures.
This involves frequent routine check-ups,
comprising of physical examination and
some serological (done using blood)
tests. The need of such check-ups and
their frequency depends mainly on
personal and family medical history. The
laboratory quite often is useful to
underline and identify some of the
treatable problems much early.
Regular health screenings are important
because they can identify potential
problems. These tests, taken even when
one has no symptom, enables to detect
problems early, benefit from easier and
more effective treatment, and sometimes
even prevent disease. By getting
appropriate preventive services,
screenings, early diagnosis, and
treatments, one can take steps that help
their chances of living a longer, healthier
life. Obviously ‘a stitch in time, saves
nine’ is very true in this aspect.
18 June 2006

Generally, screening tests done in 2. Specialised laboratory tests, which
laboratories consists of tests focusing on requires huge infrastructure, instru-
the functions of the vital organs like Liver, mentation and investments. Such
Kidney, Heart, Thyroid, Blood Vessels, laboratories only can provide reliable and
etc and also tests that help in diagnosing affordable unique and specialised
diseases and disorders like Arthritis, diagnostic tests and profiles related to
Diabetes, Hypertension, Anemia, metabolic disorders.
Hepatitis, etc.
Diagnostic tests were very expensive so
Are these screening tests available in all far. But now both information technology
laboratories, is a common question raised and biotechnology have made even
by individuals willing to take their first specialised laboratory diagnostic tests,
step towards preventive healthcare. available and affordable for the common
Laboratory tests can be broadly classified man. Nationwide operations, Networked
into two categories: collection centres, Air-cargo logistics and
E-transmission of results, have redefined
1. Ordinary or routine laboratory tests, Quality, Cost, Speed and Reach in the
which any laboratory can do with simple field of laboratory testing.
instruments.
The present day life expectancy of man is around 80 years as compared to 50
years a few decades ago. Yet, many individuals have premature death due to
illnesses which may be brief, or longstanding. This underlines the importance
of “aarogyam” or Health which is nothing but a combination of physical,
physiological and emotional well being of an individual.
The 'aarogyam 30' diagnostic profile
offered by Thyrocare is a
combination of various tests having a
comprehensive health monitoring
solution, revealing the status of some of
the major organs in one's body, indicating
certain disorders along with the detection
of some of the most silent and easily
communicable infectious diseases.
Wise men ought to realize
that health is his most
valuable possession
- Hippocrates, the father of
medicine
June 2006 19

LIVER PROFILE
Liver is the largest, most active and
complex organ in the body and
plays a major role in the metabolism of
our body. It is known as body's chemical
Liver function tests are a group of bloodfactory, sometimes converting complex
tests, that tells us whether our liver ismolecules to simpler units and vice
functioning normally or not. They give aversa. It also makes energy by
clear picture of the disorders, inflammationconverting the food we eat into proteins,
or infection of the liver, gall bladder orfats and sugars. Our immune system
biliary tract.depends on the presence of some
proteins called immunoglobulins and
various other bio-molecules, which are
synthesised by liver.
The abnormalities of liver function can
be divided into two groups.
a) Those caused by a malfunction of the
cells in the liver itself (cirrhosis and
hepatitis)
b) Those caused by the obstruction of the
biliary tract (stones, mass)
hough lipids are important for
survival, their high values are
alarming to the individual indicating the
impending doom. High lipid levels
damage the blood vessels, leading to
blockage of the various blood vessels,
which ultimately results in various body
dysfunctions including heart failure.
People suffering from diabetes and
hypertension tend to have higher risk of
such failures. So it becomes important
not only for the obese people to undergo
these tests but also for everyone.
The tests done not only give the values
but also indicates the level of risk at
which a person is. (Low risk/ average
risk / high risk).
LIPID PROFILE
T
Your blood offers many significant
clues about the health of your
heart. Excessive levels of ‘bad’
cholesterol in your blood, for
instance, can be a sign that you're
at increased risk of developing
life-threatening blockages in your
coronary arteries.
Your heart is your life...
don't ignore it.
WHO SHOULD GET TESTED?
Largely focusing on middle aged and
old people, it caters to the needs of
men and women looking for a fit today
and a healthy tomorrow. But ideally
aarogyam Profile is for everyone, from
the non-playing, over eating young
ones to the ones who are working and
leading a stressful life or to the ones
who are leading a sedentary lifestyle.
20 June 2006

hyroid is an important gland
situated in the neck. The principal
function of the thyroid gland is the
synthesis and secretion of thyroid
hormones, which circulate in the body
through the blood stream and exert their
effects on every living tissue and cell.
synthesis and secretion of these two hor-There are two principal thyroid hor-
mones is controlled by another hormonemones secreted by the thyroid, thyroxine
called Thyroid stimulating Hormone (TSH)(T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). If the
from pituitary gland. The values of TSHhormone production is not enough, then
shall help in evaluating thyroidal disorders,it is called hypothyroidism and if the
if any, and in confirming the status of thesynthsis is more, then it is
thyroid gland, whether it is hypo or hyper orhyperthyroidism. They arise due to the
eu-thyroid.abnormal functioning of thyroid. The
THYROID PROFILE
T
WHAT IF THE RESULTS ARE ABNORMAL?
You must show them to Immediately consult your
family doctor if they are abnormal and he would
advise you to take the right step to correct the
abnormality as the case may be. Please note that a
medical doctor only should interpret such reports.
Some individuals, who have uncontrolled eating,
smoking and drinking habits, may find some
parameters abnormal and it is important that they
are rightly interpreted. 10 to 12 hrs fasting is a must
for giving blood for aarogyam profiles. Pregnancy
gives rise to many changes in various profiles and
only a gynecologist should interpret them.
Signs and symptoms of Thyroid disorders
Swelling in the neck • Difficulty in swallowing • Intolerance to cold
•Fatigue • Hoarse voice • Dry skin • Mood swings • Depression
•Forgetfulness • Heavy menstrual periods
eficiency of iron is important to be of anemia in India. Approximately 20% of
detected in time, as it can lead to women, 50% of pregnant women and 3%
anaemia. Anaemia is nothing but of men have iron deficiency. It is
inadequate supply of oxygen to the cells, important to detect anaemia, as it is easily
which is indicated by haemoglobin level. preventable by adequate diet and treated
Iron deficiency is the most common cause by medication.
IRON DEFICIENCY PROFILE
D
June 2006 21

n a highly populous nation like India,
infectious diseases can play havoc.
The problem becomes more serious as
many of the persons having these diseases
are not aware of them, due to lack of
symptoms and signs at an early stages.
Till that time patients continue to spread
the infection to other family members or
people they come in contact with. This
profile includes tests for Hepatitis B and
Hepatitis C, which are now rampant in
India. With this profile, the individuals
suffering from these infections can be
detected early and thus, the spread of
infection to the others can be prevented
and helping in controlling the infection.
he kidney is one of the most
important organs in the body. It
plays an important role in maintaining the
fluid and electrolyte balance by retaining
the required substances and excreting
undesired substances in the form of urine
and thus maintaining the pH, for the
optimum functioning of the body.
It also plays a vital role in regulating
blood pressure by reabsorption and
excretion of electrolytes and regulates the
workload on heart. The kidney also
stimulates the production of red blood
cells by secretion of the hormone,
Erythropoietin.
INFECTIOUS DISEASE PROFILE
RENAL PROFILE
I
T
Health problems often arises when least expected. The silent mode of disease
development within one's body and its sudden expression often leaves one with no
option but to ask the question... Why me?
Why so many tests at a time?
For majority of the laboratory tests
the cost of the reagents is not as
high as the cost of the procedures
of blood collection, blood transport,
documentation and logistical
expenditures. The specimen once
collected, it is better (if costs are
affordable) to get a screening done
for majority of the disorders at the
same time.
What exactly does one get
through aarogyam?
‘Peace of mind' of knowing that
nothing is wrong with one self or
knowing that something is wrong
at the right time so that corrective
action is taken. Knowing it
early....Exactly
22 June 2006

C
ancer. The great actress of yester years, Nargis Dutt
or the then Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, CN Anna
Durai or Ex. Prime Minister Mr. V.P. Singh, it has
no bars, age, economy or caste, religion, colour or
country. It kills thousands and lakhs of people every
year. Death is said to be certain and many a for ever a
few weeks. But ask, Mr. Arogiasamy. He Says,"It
does no harm." He is a 78 yr old man living happily
25 yrs after having been diagnosed with cancer. "My
grandfather was lucky that he got Thyroid cancer”
says his grandson, Mr Manoj kumar. But he adds,
"My cousin had a breast cancer died within months of
diagnosis". Maria Jonsy, 35 year old house wife says
"Just a year before my marriage, I was diagnosed
with a colon cancer". "But now after 15 years with
three kids, I live a normal life". Only around 2 to 5%
of the individuals are as lucky as Mr. Arogiasamy or
Mrs. Maria Jonsy while others seem to have almost
the same fate of few weeks to few months and in some
lucky cases, an year or two.
Cancer is said to be an unfortunate accident in our body. Let us
understand how it happens. Our body is made up of thousands
of crores of cells (cells form the part of tissues and tissues are
part of organs and organs together make a body).These cells
divide in a controlled or programmed speed and form new two
daughter cells. In other words if the programming dictates that
the cell should divide every 20 days, then more or less it will
C
A
N
C
E
R
The
dreadful
six
letter
word
23 June 2006

Common types of Cancer :
§Breast cancer
§Prostate cancer
§Colon cancer
§Urinary bladder cancer
§Lymphoma
§Leukemia
§Skin cancer
§Kidney / Renal cancer
§Lung cancer
§Pancreatic cancer
§Oral cancer
§Pharynx cancer
§Ovarian cancer
§Brain cancer
§Thyroid cancer
take 20 days for next division. This timing also is
coded in the cell and while replicating it should be
again re-coded in the new cell. But let us imagine a
condition where the timing of 20 days is by
mistake, coded as 2 minutes. That is where the
accident occurs. It will now start dividing every
two minutes and that is exactly the cause of the
calamity. Dividing every 20 days leaves enough
cells to replace the damaged cells while dividing
every 2 minutes leads to excess cells which start
becoming a lump or nodule or a swelling that
raises the ‘alarm bell’. We will ignore till it
becomes ‘cosmetically awful’ or it is ‘awfully
painful’. The whole drama starts and unfolds.
How can I understand it early is a question every
one would have. Doctors state ‘Depending upon
the organ, the symptoms will vary for cancer’. In
some cases it is unusual bleeding or discharge or a
lump or thickening in the gland or part of the body
or changes in eating or bathroom habits or
persistent cough or hoarseness in the voice like
that they are many familiar and less known
indicators. Except hair and nail, it is known that
all parts of our body can be targets for this ‘six-
letter word’. Men getting breast cancer was only a
joke a few decades back. Complicated it is to
understand, diagnose, classify, treat and manage -
doctors agree.
The type of resources or energy in the body it can
deplete, the obstruction and pain it can give by its
physical presence and the accumulation of the
harmful toxins and wastes such mass can produce
- like that from many aspects it can pose great
threat. Too much of anything is too bad and it is
very true in cell replication also. Oral cancer or
breast cancer or blood cancer or brain cancer or
liver cancer like this there are a few such cancers
which do not give much room for survival while
those of other organs some times allow a
temporary or a long term solution.
Unfortunately majority of the cancers move
around in blood and get relocated in different
parts of the body. The site where first cancer
occurs (the accident occurs) is called the Primary
site and the site where the cancer cells moves and
relocates or spreads and forms tumors is called the
Secondary site or metastases. How doctors
June 2006 24

confirm the disease is also based on the site of
accident. Some are diagnosed using a technology
called biopsy (bio means living opsy means sampling)
in which, a small tissue sample is surgically removed
with needles and examined under microscope for the
presence of cancer cells. If the patient has died of
unknown disease then people do autopsy (from a dead
body).
Another technology is endoscopy where a flexible
tiny plastic tube with a tiny camera on the end is
inserted through body cavities (from mouth or from
anus) and viewed for cancerous images. There are a
few laboratory tests done in blood and they are
analysed for special tumor (cancer) markers in the
blood or body fluids. Imaging or scanning
technologies: Ultrasound, MRI scan, Mammography
for Breast, CAT scans, PET scans are widely used in
bigger hospitals.
If diagnosed, there are a few options to reduce the
effect of the accident. Of course none of the
modalities can reverse the accident and that is why it
is said for cancer, ‘no cure till date’. Among the
options available, surgery is often the option of
choice. In this the removal of the tissue or mass that
has overgrown is done surgically.
The second choice is using a medicine (chemical) the
tissue is damaged to maximum possible extent but the
major problem is it will affect not only the cancerous
tissue but even the normal tissues. The third option is
radiation therapy and in this cancerous tissue is
damaged by using radioactivity (Beta or Gamma
rays) and it should be kept in mind that at times all
three or any two may be required to control or
conquer the situation.
It is a big stress for the individual and for his or her
immediate family. Even for a doctor to break the
news and to handle the upset and morally defeated and
struggling family members is a challenge. No one
wants it to happen even to his or her worst enemies.
What causes the accident is still a subject of intense
research. Some genetic predispositions and some
environmental factors and a lot of lifestyle related
factors are contributing to this less known and least
understood terror.
Your doctor can help
discover whether you have
cancer by taking a detailed
history, physical
examination, imaging
studies and laboratory tests.
DIAGNOSIS OF CANCER
Laboratory Tests
Imaging Tests
Family history
Endoscopy
§
§Radiation
§Drug therapy
§(Chemotherapy)
Surgery
TREATMENT OF CANCER
25 June 2006

Can cancer be avoided or minimised?
Yes. Research studies say that you can
reduce the probability of a few cancers by
modifying the lifestyles. Advises include,
4Eat and avoid certain specified food
varieties that are carcinogenic varieties.
4Take care of the mind and body both by
doing appropriate regular exercise.
4Avoid smoking which causes lung and
oral cancers.
4Avoid alcohol which has some
correlation with mouth, breast & liver
cancer.
4Avoid exposures to radiation which can
cause various cancers (accident trigger).
4Ensure that regular and complete health
check up is done at least once in two
years after 40 years of age.
What makes it more important is
that cancer is the second common
cause of death after heart diseases.
But for such a disease what doctors
educate is that a significant
percentage of the cancer diagnosed
can be cured and also cancer is
more curable when detected early.
Though the disease affects largely
elderly, even a few months or few
years old infants do occupy the
beds in cancer hospitals, which is
too harsh a punishment for those
young souls reasons they get or
whoever gives to them for no fault
of theirs. Entire human race is
hoping that a cause for such
merciless accidents could be one
day identified and reversal can be
engineered and crores of rupees
have been poured in for this
research.
roper brushing takes at least two
Pminutes. Most adults do not come close
to brushing that long. To properly brush your
teeth use short, gentle strokes, paying extra
attention to the gum line, hard to reach back
teeth, and areas around filing, crowns or
other restoration:
[Clean outer surface of your upper teeth,
then your lower teeth.
[Clean the inner surface of your upper
teeth, then your lower teeth.
[Clean the chewing surfaces.
[For fresher breath, be sure to brush your
tongue, too. Avoid metal tongue cleaners.
[Finally massage your gums with your
fingers to improve blood circulation and
make your gums healthy. For the inner surface, hold the
brush parallel to the teeth, position
For the outer surface hold the toothbrush just it on the inside with bristles of the
under the gum line at a 45 degree angle. toothbrush facing the inner surface
Brush in circular motions followed by gentle and use straight gentle strokes to
strokes with up-down movements for remove dirt from the gaps between
cleaning the gaps between two teeth. the teeth.
Brush the
Right way
June 2006 26

Lipid Profile [7]
Total Cholesterol
HDL Cholesterol (Direct)
LDL Cholesterol
VLDL Cholesterol
Triglycerides
LDL / HDL ratio
TC / HDL Cholesterol ratio
Thyroid Profile [3]
Total Triiodothyronine (T3)
Total Thyroxine (T4)
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Liver Profile [10]
Protein - Total
Serum Albumin
Serum Albumin / Globulin ratio
Alkaline Phosphatase
Bilirubin (Direct)
Bilirubin (Indirect)
Bilirubin (Total)
SGOT (AST)
SGPT (ALT)
Gamma glutamyl Transferase
Kidney Profile [4]
Serum Creatinine
Uric Acid
Blood Urea Nitrogen
Calcium
Anemia Profile [4]
Serum Ferritin
Serum Iron
Total Iron Binding Capacity
% Transferrin Saturation
Infectious disease detection [2]
Hepatitis B surface Antigen
Hepatitis C virus
THE BEST EQUIPPED CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY IN INDIA • NABL ACCREDITED • ISO CERTIFIED • CRISIL GRADED
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aarogyam 30
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Take the first step towards preventive healthcare

If we have to know more about what is What goes wrong with insulin is the next
actually happening we need to know question? Either insulin is missing or it is not
one more hormone, Insulin. functioning. Generally insulin missing cases
Pancreas, a gland below the stomach, are from birth, which means that individual
produces this Insulin. This insulin does not have a functioning pancreas. Problem
works like a transporter or pump to starts from day one and injections are a part of
send glucose into a cell for its life for this segment of diabetes patients who
breakdown. In a normal individual are called as ‘Type 1 diabetes’ or ‘Insulin
irrespective of how much sugar he dependent’ or ‘Juvenile diabetes’. But it can
consumes, the levels of insulin also happen at any age and if insulin is not there
increases and decreases to make sure then that individual has to unfortunately take up
the sugar is fired. But in individuals injections of insulin to keep his sugar under
with diabetes it is not happening in the control. This loss of pancreas function is often
desired time and speed and hence it due to an autoimmune attack. This means by
results in increased sugar levels a mistake the immune system which defends the
criteria for diabetes body against foreign invasions keeping us
healthy, attacks our own components (in this
DIABETESDIABETES
WHAT IT IS?
Diabetes is not a disease but
it is a disorder. It affects
almost 10% of the human
population. This disorder is
simple to diagnose but it is not
simple to manage. Sugar is the
source of our energy. We eat
meat to peanuts and enjoy creams
to colas and all of them finally
become sugar. Sugar has to be
broken down to energy and this
happens in each and every living
cell. This energy only makes us
to sit or stand or run. In diabetes
this sugar breakdown (meta-
bolism) is disturbed.
28 June 2006

case it is pancreas) leading to a loss of In Type 2, that is when there is enough insulin
pancreatic function. This can be due to present, the management is done using, diet
hereditary factors or environmental control, exercises and also such drugs which
factors (what triggers this is least reduce the resistance of the cells to insulin.
understood) though some factors Does it kill? No it does not kill by itself but if
under scrutiny are chemicals, viruses undiagnosed or uncontrolled it can shut down
or diet. the systems like kidney, brain or heart one by
one and also can have complications for limbs
If insulin is there in adequate quantities and eyes.
then diabetes should not be there
logically. But this is also not true. Diagnosis is easy. Only problem is, we do not
Though the body produces adequate test or go for a check up unless there are
quantities of insulin, it cannot function serious symptoms. It remains without
in a few individuals after middle age. symptoms for months to years and doing a
Cells which are supposed to sense simple laboratory test called blood sugar test
insulin do not sense and that means can tell me you diabetic or not? Cost of the
there is a resistance. This is called type test: it is the cheapest test in a laboratory and
-2 or also is called Non-insulin costs from Rs.15 to 50 based on the quality and
dependent diabetes mellitus. brand of the laboratory. 50% of the diagnosis
happens when some one goes in for some
High blood sugar is found in the blood nonspecific illnesses to a doctor and the
without being transported to the cells remaining are diagnosed due to ‘too much of
in spite of having adequate Insulin. liquid intake and output’. If one gets his sleep
This is predominantly genetic in origin disturbed in the night for thirst or for urine
though lifestyle and stress is also then there is likely hood of diabetes.
implicated. Lifestyle related factors
such as obesity or being overweight, Think! What is wrong if one goes to a
absence of physical activities, laboratory once in a year and gets done one
uncontrolled eating can develop this blood sugar if he is in the age group of 30 plus?
disease. It is not at all costly and if one analyses the
damage, undiagnosed diabetes can cause, it
would be the best health option.
Signs and symptoms of
diabetes include the
following: Unusual thirst,
frequent urination, weight
change (gain or loss),
extreme fatigue or lack of
energy, blurred vision,
frequent or recurring
infections, cuts and bruises
that are slow to heal,
tingling or numbness in the
hands or feet, trouble
getting or maintaining an
erection.
Pancreas
June 2006 29

Brands in
Healthcare
W H AT D O T H E Y M E A N ?
It means the same as in any other Normally branded are preferred than
industry. Brands act as a guide for a the unbranded because, the branding
man who has adequate funds (high identity does a branding because it has a
income group, HIG) and is looking for a vision and also it understands that
quality service while it may be a ‘quality’ is the best brand ambassador in
problem for a man who has limited the long run. So the required
funds (low income group, LIG) to spend accreditations, certifications and
on health. It is the same story too in standardisation are obtained without
other products or services. Let us take a compromise.
hospital and analyse what brands mean
to a common man. For some one who A well maintained diagnostic instru-
does not know anything about medical ment, a well trained technician to do the
field or that man who is well-read, a test, a professionally qualified and
reputed hospital means, a standard experienced medical consultant, an
quality, an assured availability and a error free and stress free reporting
less-risk out come. But what he has to procedure all can mean an expected
also pay is for the advertisements that level of assurance to the end user. But
the hospital has spent to make the public brand itself has a lot of inner meanings.
aware about its brands' visibility and A growing brand is in the investing
availability, for the hidden over heads in stage and no compromises are done by
providing the services and also for the the management because it visualises a
extra cost involved in standardising its few decades of encashment of today's
services using qualified personnel and investments and it is likely the patient
good quality instruments. Brands assure would get a more than expected
one thing clearly, you would get a satisfaction. But a used brand or old
standard service at a standard cost. brand may be in encashing stage and
30 June 2006

after a couple of decades of exploitation Such local brands which are dependant
of the brand value, the management on ‘a professional’ are not preferred
may not replace or reinvest in its when one has an option of a regional or
upkeep and is likely to give a below national brand which is dependant on ‘a
average level of satisfaction. system created and evaluated by a
group of professionals’.
Incidentally all brands seem to have a
limited life span though it is at times Thus like soap or cool-drinks or air
almost for a couple of generations. In conditioners, now people prefer or
healthcare, branding is not new if one look for national brands instead of local
sees the meaning of branding in a ones - a good hospital or a good
locality. There have been reputed, diagnostic laboratory. With increasing
highly respected medical consultants or health awareness, with increasing
hospitals or diagnostic centres in affordability and with increasing
almost every district head quarters. But incidences of illnesses, soon it will be
these local brands have become only branded and networked laboratory
questionable in these last few years. that would be in big business.
‘Quality’ is the best brand ambassador in the long run
Vitamin-Rich Cigarette!
A Quebec (Canada-based) company has
come up with a cigarette with vitamins
and it claims that it does not stain teeth,
and also it has less of an odour than
regular brands and contains beneficial
ingredients like vitamin C. This cigarette
called ‘VitaCig’ was invented by non-
smoker Roger Ouellette for his wife, who
is a chain smoker since the age of 14.
Health Canada, an independant agency is
however, skeptical of the claim, saying
any cigarette is harmful. Of course,
keeping in mind the cancer risks tobacco
can amplify one would agree that ‘a safe
cigarette is one that's not lit’.
Patient room in a super-speciatlity hospital
June 2006 31

DRINKING
and LIVER
Is it good for health?
Beer, whisky, wine, brandy or rum... All
have the same alcohol in different flavours
and different concentrations. Some times
you can read newspapers and magazines
arguing, “Is alcohol good or bad?”. In
medical journals, some scientists say that
one peg a day can do good to health. Some
say even two pegs a day can be harmful.
But what entire learned community will
agree is 'moderate alcohol is good while
excess alcohol, is danger'. Yes, it spoils
liver, kidney, brain and almost can burn all
the organs when high doses are given
daily. People who drink excess have died
in early thirties and forties also. Alcohol
abuse is a leading cause of morbidity and
mortality throughout the world. Patients
with alcohol abuse disorders often
continue to consume alcohol despite the
knowledge that continued consumption
poses significant social or inter personal
problems for them.
T
hink of Devdas. What
comes before your
eyes is a beard and a
g l a s s i n h a n d .
Failures in life, people become
sad and to forget sadness they
look for alcohol. Success in life,
people become happy and to
make happiness known they look
for alcohol. Party is something
every one would like to have
everyday and alcohol has
become a natural part of any
party where adults get together.
Some drink one round and some
make it maximum two. A few
forget after the third what is the
count and some times walk in
streets without lungies ( a scene
often shown in Tamil cinemas).
Some steal and some lie for a
peg. Some cheat their wife and
some bluff their children that
there was some important work
in their friend's house. Thus
alcohol has been a reason for
many families to come to the
streets and many divorces too.
New year Eve, and alcohol sales
go up. Election eve, alcohol sales
shoot up. Even on a day India
beats Pakistan, the sales is high.
32 June 2006

Effects of excess drinking of alcohol intake, but also the way in
which alcohol is consumed can be anAlcohol affects many organ systems of the
important and independent determinant ofbody, but perhaps most notably affected
liver disease risk. Women who drink, areare the central nervous system and the
at a higher risk than men of developingliver. Almost all ingested alcohol is
liver diseases, possibly because ofmetabolised in the liver and excessive
decreased metabolism of alcohol in theiralcohol use can lead to liver disease. The
stomach prior to absorption. Evenliver is the largest organ in the body. It is
moderate social drinkers can experiencefound behind the ribs on the right side of
liver damage. Diseases such as fatty liver,the abdomen. The liver has many
hepatitis, or cirrhosis can develop fromimportant functions that keep a person
heavy alcohol consumption. Fatty liverhealthy. It removes harmful material from
(steatosis) is the earliest stage of alcoholicthe blood. It makes enzymes and bile that
liver disease. In this condition, liver cellshelp digest food. It also converts food in to
become swollen with fat globules andsubstances needed for life and growth.
water which is irreversible.
What happens inside?
Diseases and DisordersWhen we drink alcohol, it is absorbed in to
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver,the blood stream from the stomach and
which causes soreness and swelling.intestines and first goes through the liver
Hepatitis can be caused by many things,before circulating around the whole body.
such as drinking too much alcohol andSo, the highest concentration of alcohol is
taking some medications. Viruses are alsoin the blood flowing through the liver.
a cause for hepatitis. Advanced liverLiver cells contain enzymes (chemicals)
damage makes it difficult for our body towhich metabolise alcohol. The enzymes
break down waste products causingbreak down alcohol in to other chemicals
jaundice (abnormal yellowing of the skin,which in turn are then broken down in to
eye balls and urine). Waste products in thewater and carbon dioxide. These are then
blood stream can also cause itching,passed out in urine and expelled from the
nausea, fever and body aches.lungs.
Another serious alcoholic liver disease isThe liver cells can metabolise only a
cirrhosis. Alcoholic cirrhosis causes thecertain amount of alcohol per hour. So, if
cells of the liver to be damaged beyondwe drink alcohol faster than our liver can
repair. As liver cells die, scar tissuedeal with it, the level of alcohol in our
forms. When this scar tissue builds up,blood stream rises. Not only the quantity
Stages of alcohol- induced liver damage
FATTY LIVER
Deposits of fat causes liver enlargement. Strict
abstinence can lead to full recovery.
LIVER FIBROSIS
Scar tissue forms. Recovery is possible, but
scar remains.
CIRRHOSIS
Growth of connective tissue destroys liver
cells. Damage is irreversible.
THE PRICE YOU PAY
June 2006 33

Treatmentproperly. Normally, toxins and wastes
in the blood get filtered (cleaned) out The most important measure in the treatment
when blood passes through the liver. If of alcoholic liver disease is to ensure the total
scar tissue keeps blood from flowing and immediate abstinence from alcohol.
normally through the liver, the blood Chronic alcohol abusers often need treatment
doesn't get filtered. Toxins and wastes with vitamins, especially Thiamine, to
can build up in the body which can lead correct the deficiencies that may have
to mental confusion, agitation, or resulted from chronic alcohol abuse.
tremors (shaking). In serious cases it Intensive medical treatment of the
can even lead to coma. Once scarring complications of acute alcoholic hepatitis or
has progressed, nothing can be done to cirrhosis is also some times necessary, as is
repair the liver or cure cirrhosis. the treatment of concurrent infections and/or
metabolic disorders. Cessation of alcohol use
Diagnosis will reverse fatty liver and alcoholic
Diagnosis of liver diseases includes hepatitis. Although cirrhosis is irreversible,
blood tests which may show abnormal alcohol abusers who stop drinking will often
liver function. Ultrasound scan may have a good prognosis in that progressive
show that you have a damaged liver. To liver deterioration can be avoided.
confirm the diagnosis, a biopsy (small
sample) of the liver may be taken to be Next time if you see some one pouring for the
looked at under the microscope. The third time, you hold his hand and try talking
scarring of the liver caused by to him for a few minutes. It is likely that he
cirrhosis, or the typical features of liver would live long. Remember Life depends on
cells with alcoholic hepatitis can be the Liver (Pun intended).
seen on a biopsy sample.
E ver wondered why some kids get ill
with a bad throat or a tummy upset
after eating an icecream? It's bacterial
contamination, caused by poor hygiene.
One might argue that we eat only the
more popular brands. Do not be fooled by
the colorful packaging and the tempting
advertisements. The ingredients of this
lovely scoop are invisible to the eye and
needs laboratory tests to show whether urinary tract infections. Studies
they are fit for our consumption. have shown that there could be
presence of live bacteria, and
Firstly, we need to know if the icecream possible faecal contamination if the
has been hygienically made and stored. manufacturers do not meet proper
Avoid local brands, even though they are quality standards.
cheap. This is because quality control is
poor, causing bacterial infection leading Well, that sure is food, or should we
to septic sore throat, gastroenteritis and say, Icecream for thought.
I SCREAM!!!
34 June 2006

Insurance can
only reimburse
But what about
the pain and
suffering?
aarogyam 20
PRESENTING

aarogyam 30
A unique diagnostic profile for a
comprehensive health evaluation
Insurance can
only reimburse
But what about
the pain and
suffering?
PRESENTING

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