- Egyptians developed water transport along the Nile River as early as 3000-4000 BC, initially using simple reed boats propelled by paddles before developing larger wooden ships around 3200 BC fitted with sails and oars.
- Early Egyptian ships were constructed using basic tools and techniques like lashing planks together, while later ships incorporated frames and were sealed at the seams using reeds. Oars eventually replaced paddles, allowing for larger ships.
- The development of water transport had significant impacts on Egyptian society, enabling warfare, trade, exploration, and transportation of heavy materials like those used in construction projects, such as the boats built for Khufu's funeral procession around 2500 BC.
What materials did they use to create their murals and whymarie
The document discusses ancient Egyptian murals, noting that they were often made from durable materials like gold to withstand the test of time. Murals were commonly created by engraving designs onto walls and then filling them in with colored minerals. They served to record history and prove Egyptian civilization existed to future generations, typically depicting people, animals, and gods through various scenes and images.
What materials did they use to create their murals and whymarie
The document discusses ancient Egyptian murals, noting that they were often made from durable materials like gold to withstand the test of time. Murals were commonly created by engraving designs onto walls and then filling them in with colored minerals. They served to record history and prove Egyptian civilization existed to future generations, typically depicting people, animals, and gods through various scenes and images.
What materials did they use to create their murals and whymarie
The document discusses ancient Egyptian murals, noting that they were often made from durable materials like gold to withstand the test of time. Murals were commonly created by engraving designs onto walls and then applying mineral pigments to add color. They served to record historical events and myths for future generations, depicting people, animals, and gods through illustrations and symbols.
The document provides definitions for various terms related to rituals and burial practices in ancient Egypt. It explains that the Egyptians placed great importance on proper burial and preparation for the afterlife. Key terms defined include amulets, the Book of the Dead, cartonnage, embalming, hieroglyphics, the ibu, mourners, pyramids, sarcophagi, tombs, ushabti, and the weighing of the heart ceremony. The document emphasizes the sacred nature and purpose of the elaborate rituals and burial customs in ancient Egypt.
There are many modes of water transport described in the document, including cruise ships, ferries, jet skis, submarines, water taxis, and sailboats. The author shares their experience celebrating New Year's on the Norwegian Spirit cruise ship, which carries 1996 passengers and 960 crew members across its 14 decks and 268 meter length. Large submarines like the Russian Typhoon can be up to 175 meters long, about the length of two football fields. Various watercraft rely on different means of propulsion, from sails to engines.
The ship was of Canaanite or Cypriot origin and was sailing west towards the Aegean sea. It carried trade goods from various places around the Mediterranean, including Mycenaean swords, Canaanite daggers, Egyptian steatite plaques, and cobalt glass ingots. There were likely Canaanite sailors on board, along with at least two Mycenaean merchants. The cargo suggests this was an established trade route for transporting copper and other goods between the Levant, Cyprus, and the Aegean in the Late Bronze Age period. The ship sank off the coast of Turkey around 1300 BCE.
The wheel is one of the oldest and most important inventions in history. It originated in ancient Mesopotamia around 3000 BC and spread to Europe and Western Asia by the 4th millennium BC. The wheel allowed for transportation and movement of objects with less physical effort. It has also been crucial for later technologies and inventions like the water wheel, cogwheel, spinning wheel, and astrolabe.
The wheel is one of the oldest and most important inventions in history. It originated in ancient Mesopotamia around 3000 BC and spread to Europe and Western Asia by the 4th millennium BC. The wheel allowed for transportation of people and goods with less physical effort and enabled later technologies like the water wheel, cogwheel, spinning wheel, and astrolabe. Its invention was pivotal as it facilitated movement and transportation, ultimately influencing many other technologies throughout history.
What materials did they use to create their murals and whymarie
The document discusses ancient Egyptian murals, noting that they were often made from durable materials like gold to withstand the test of time. Murals were commonly created by engraving designs onto walls and then filling them in with colored minerals. They served to record history and prove Egyptian civilization existed to future generations, typically depicting people, animals, and gods through various scenes and images.
What materials did they use to create their murals and whymarie
The document discusses ancient Egyptian murals, noting that they were often made from durable materials like gold to withstand the test of time. Murals were commonly created by engraving designs onto walls and then filling them in with colored minerals. They served to record history and prove Egyptian civilization existed to future generations, typically depicting people, animals, and gods through various scenes and images.
What materials did they use to create their murals and whymarie
The document discusses ancient Egyptian murals, noting that they were often made from durable materials like gold to withstand the test of time. Murals were commonly created by engraving designs onto walls and then applying mineral pigments to add color. They served to record historical events and myths for future generations, depicting people, animals, and gods through illustrations and symbols.
The document provides definitions for various terms related to rituals and burial practices in ancient Egypt. It explains that the Egyptians placed great importance on proper burial and preparation for the afterlife. Key terms defined include amulets, the Book of the Dead, cartonnage, embalming, hieroglyphics, the ibu, mourners, pyramids, sarcophagi, tombs, ushabti, and the weighing of the heart ceremony. The document emphasizes the sacred nature and purpose of the elaborate rituals and burial customs in ancient Egypt.
There are many modes of water transport described in the document, including cruise ships, ferries, jet skis, submarines, water taxis, and sailboats. The author shares their experience celebrating New Year's on the Norwegian Spirit cruise ship, which carries 1996 passengers and 960 crew members across its 14 decks and 268 meter length. Large submarines like the Russian Typhoon can be up to 175 meters long, about the length of two football fields. Various watercraft rely on different means of propulsion, from sails to engines.
The ship was of Canaanite or Cypriot origin and was sailing west towards the Aegean sea. It carried trade goods from various places around the Mediterranean, including Mycenaean swords, Canaanite daggers, Egyptian steatite plaques, and cobalt glass ingots. There were likely Canaanite sailors on board, along with at least two Mycenaean merchants. The cargo suggests this was an established trade route for transporting copper and other goods between the Levant, Cyprus, and the Aegean in the Late Bronze Age period. The ship sank off the coast of Turkey around 1300 BCE.
The wheel is one of the oldest and most important inventions in history. It originated in ancient Mesopotamia around 3000 BC and spread to Europe and Western Asia by the 4th millennium BC. The wheel allowed for transportation and movement of objects with less physical effort. It has also been crucial for later technologies and inventions like the water wheel, cogwheel, spinning wheel, and astrolabe.
The wheel is one of the oldest and most important inventions in history. It originated in ancient Mesopotamia around 3000 BC and spread to Europe and Western Asia by the 4th millennium BC. The wheel allowed for transportation of people and goods with less physical effort and enabled later technologies like the water wheel, cogwheel, spinning wheel, and astrolabe. Its invention was pivotal as it facilitated movement and transportation, ultimately influencing many other technologies throughout history.
- Egyptians developed water transport along the Nile River as early as 3000-4000 BC, initially using simple reed boats propelled by paddles before developing larger wooden ships around 3200 BC fitted with sails and oars.
- Early Egyptian ships were constructed using basic tools and techniques like lashing planks together, while later ships incorporated frames and were sealed at the seams using reeds. Oars eventually replaced paddles, allowing for larger ships.
- The development of water transport had significant impacts on Egyptian society, enabling warfare, trade, exploration, and transportation of heavy materials like those used in construction projects, such as the boats built for Khufu's funeral procession around 2500 BC.
Near Stavanger, Norway there is a mysterious rock called Preikestolen, or "The Pulpit Rock", that rises 600 meters above Lysefjorden fjord. It is a popular tourist attraction in the area. To reach the top of Preikestolen involves a 270 meter climb up a well-marked trail over nearly 2 hours. The view from the top over the fjord is breathtaking, but visitors should be in good physical condition and wear proper hiking shoes. Nearby Preikestolen is another attraction called "The Mortised Boulder" that is also worth visiting for its beautiful scenery.
This document discusses the emergence of smart solutions and connected devices. It predicts that by 2020 there will be over 1 trillion connected devices globally. It also discusses how mobility will be a primary driver of ecommerce and eservices by 2015. Finally, it proposes a three step process for developing smart eservices: innovating through due diligence and strategy, developing solutions through management, alliances and pilots, and delivering through market launch and acceleration.
Este documento presenta una lista de adjetivos comúnmente usados para describir la personalidad de las personas. Algunos de los adjetivos incluyen inteligente, cómico, simpático, extrovertido, flojo, trabajador, romántico, antipático, estúpido y aburrido.
Latonagem is a group called SEMAS/Mulheres de Atitude. This group appears to be focused on women and promoting a positive attitude. Unfortunately no other details are provided in the short document to give more context about the purpose or activities of this organization.
This document contains Spanish greetings and ways to say goodbye. It lists common Spanish greetings like "Hola", "Buenos días", "Buenas tardes", and "Buenas noches". It then provides translations and examples of different ways to say goodbye in Spanish such as "Adios", "Chao", "Hasta luego", "Hasta mañana", "Tengo que irme", and "Nos vemos". The document asks questions about how you would say goodbye in different scenarios and provides the appropriate responses.
This document provides information about a clarinet composition titled "Exaltation Composer" by James Swearingen. It includes the scales used, a definition and example of syncopation found in the song, as well as several important musical terms and their locations within the piece. Rhythmic challenges are also outlined, such as syncopated patterns and a triplet pattern in specific measures.
This document summarizes the evolution of ship building from ancient times to modern day. It describes early ships from 3000-4000 BC built by Egyptians from reeds with no internal framing. During 1500 BC, Greek ships became smaller and faster with lean designs that could hold up to 50 oarsmen. Later, Polynesian ships were discovered with outriggers that could stabilize large vessels up to 180 feet long carrying 1000 people. Viking ships from 1000-1200 AD were long and narrow, up to 80 feet long used for travel, trading and colonization. Starting in the 15th century, European and Spanish ships were built for long distance travel with cannons and much larger hulls than Vikings. Modern ships can carry
This document summarizes the evolution of ship building from ancient times to modern day. It describes early ships built by Egyptians and Greeks from reeds and with no internal framing. Viking ships from 1000-1200 AD were longships up to 80 feet long used for raiding and trading. Sailing ships from the 15th-18th centuries included carracks and galleons built by Europeans and Spain with cannons. Modern passenger ships can be over 1000 feet long, hold thousands of people, and burn 300 tons of fuel per day. A future concept is a residential ocean community on a ship costing $1.6 billion to build that would house 5,400 passengers.
THE GREAT INVENTIONS IN WATERWAY TRANSPORT THROUGHOUT HISTORY AND THEIR FUTUR...Fernando Alcoforado
This article aims to present the great inventions that occurred with the means of river, lake and maritime transport, aiming at the transport of people and cargo throughout history and its future evolution. The use of boats constituted one of the first means of locomotion invented by man and was crucial for the development of humanity. Since ancient times, boats have been used as a means of transport. In the beginning, canoes were used for fishing activities and short-distance transport. Canoes are considered the first vessels used to transport people and cargo. Taking advantage of the current of the water or using oars, the navigators moved the canoes, covering small distances. Over time, sailing boats were invented, which moved driven by the force of the wind. The development of ships and the discovery of new navigation techniques made it possible for human beings to cross rivers, seas and oceans, overcoming long distances in the transport of passengers and cargo, in addition to using them as weapons of war. From wooden canoes to large vessels such as modern ocean liners, there has been a lot of progress. In the future, vessels will benefit from increasingly sophisticated technologies. Smart ships will become an integral part of the reality that surrounds us.
The document discusses two shipwrecks from the Late Bronze Age Mediterranean - Cape Gelidonya from around 1200 BCE and Uluburun from the late 14th century BCE. It describes the cargoes found on each ship, which provide evidence of trade networks between the Aegean, Cyprus, Egypt, and the Levantine coast. The Uluburun shipwreck in particular contained a large variety of goods, such as ingots, weapons, glass, and pottery, indicating it was carrying commodities from multiple places and cultures around the Mediterranean on an established trade route. Analysis of the artifacts suggests the ship was Canaanite or Cypriot and heading to the Aegean with goods transported
The document discusses the history and rise of cruise tourism. It notes that cruise vacations have seen unprecedented growth, with the number of cruise passengers increasing by about 10% each year. Cruise ships have become very large vessels that carry people of all backgrounds all over the world. The document also discusses how ocean liners in the early 1900s evolved from cargo and passenger ships to become lavish cruise vessels, though they primarily carried immigrants at the time. This helped set the stage for the modern cruise industry.
Experimental archaeology uses reconstruction and testing to understand past maritime cultures. It allows researchers to experience vessel construction and use, gaining insight into builders' skills and thought processes. Several ship reconstructions are discussed, including the Khufu ship from ancient Egypt and the Kyrenia ship found off Cyprus, revealing details of their design, propulsion, and cargo. Replicas like the Olympias trireme and Viking ships provide data on speed, handling, and crew experience to interpret ancient seafaring. Overall, experimental archaeology brings maritime archaeological findings to life.
Transportation has evolved significantly over time due to technological advances. Early humans developed basic tools like footwear and sleds to travel farther on land. The development of animal-drawn wheeled vehicles and pack animals further expanded land transport capabilities. Major improvements like Roman roads and modern rail systems increased land transport efficiency. Water transport also evolved from primitive boats to advanced sailing vessels and steamships. Aviation progress includes experimentation with kites and gliders as well as breakthroughs like powered aircraft. Continued innovation aims to reduce costs and improve transport.
Explore the wonders of Ancient Greece with our enormous teaching resource pack! Includes a child-friendly eBook with a glossary of related words, along with plenty of classroom activity and display resources.
Available from http://www.teachingpacks.co.uk/the-ancient-greece-pack/
This document discusses some of the rarest ancient artifacts that have been discovered through archaeological findings. It describes the Kabwe Skull found in Zambia in 1921 which is thought to belong to Homo Rhodesiensis; the Antikythera Mechanism, an ancient Greek device considered the earliest mechanical computer; and the Uluburun shipwreck in Turkey dated to the 14th century BCE containing treasures from various Bronze Age cultures. It also mentions the Baghdad battery, a possible ancient battery from 2000 years ago consisting of a clay vessel containing a copper cylinder and iron rod.
The document traces the development of boats over thousands of years, from early rafts made of tied logs to modern hydrofoils. It describes how early boats evolved from hollowed out log canoes to reed boats used by the Egyptians. Viking longboats introduced sailing and oar-powered warships. Later developments included Chinese junks with compartments and rudders, clipper ships, steamships powered without sails or oars, ocean liners like the Titanic, and finally modern hydrofoils that ride above the water for minimal resistance and high speed. The document provides a brief history of boat technology from primitive rafts to advanced modern vessels.
Centuries of archeological findings have led to the discovery of tons of amazing artifacts that have helped people to better understand the ancient world, collective history, and various cultures on Earth. All of which intrinsically impacts how people live today. Here are some of the rarest of these discoveries
This document summarizes the excavation of an ancient shipwreck off the coast of Turkey that was found to be one of the oldest ever discovered. An expedition led by the author located fragments of pottery at the site that were initially thought to date to the Bronze Age, but others questioned this dating. After several years, the author was able to secure funding to return and fully excavate the site. Upon further examination of the pottery fragments, it was conclusively determined that the shipwreck dated to the Middle Bronze Age, making it the oldest known shipwreck at that time.
THE REVOLUTIONS IN THE MEANS OF TRANSPORT FROM PRE-HISTORY TO THE CONTEMPORAR...Fernando Alcoforado
This article aims to present the evolution of land, waterways, air and space transport means throughout history and its future perspectives. The means of transport can be classified into land, pipelines, waterways, air and space. The evolution of the means of transport was essential for the development of humanity. What will the land transport of the future look like? What will the waterway transport of the future look like? What will the air transport of the future look like? What will the space transport of the future look like? This article provides answers to these questions.
Evolution of Water Transport (From Ancient History to the Megaships of today)Jerome Jaime
From Ancient History to the Megaships of today documents the evolution of ships from early dugout canoes to modern megaships. Early boats included dugout canoes used by stone age populations for travel and fishing. The Ancient Egyptians had knowledge of sail construction. In medieval times, dhows were used in the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and Persian Gulf regions. Vikings developed longboats for trade, commerce, exploration, and warfare. Chinese junks carried over 200 people by 200 AD. Modern ships included the SS Savannah, the first steamship to cross the Atlantic in 1818, and the RMS Titanic, the largest ship afloat when it sank in 1912 after colliding with an iceberg.
- Egyptians developed water transport along the Nile River as early as 3000-4000 BC, initially using simple reed boats propelled by paddles before developing larger wooden ships around 3200 BC fitted with sails and oars.
- Early Egyptian ships were constructed using basic tools and techniques like lashing planks together, while later ships incorporated frames and were sealed at the seams using reeds. Oars eventually replaced paddles, allowing for larger ships.
- The development of water transport had significant impacts on Egyptian society, enabling warfare, trade, exploration, and transportation of heavy materials like those used in construction projects, such as the boats built for Khufu's funeral procession around 2500 BC.
Near Stavanger, Norway there is a mysterious rock called Preikestolen, or "The Pulpit Rock", that rises 600 meters above Lysefjorden fjord. It is a popular tourist attraction in the area. To reach the top of Preikestolen involves a 270 meter climb up a well-marked trail over nearly 2 hours. The view from the top over the fjord is breathtaking, but visitors should be in good physical condition and wear proper hiking shoes. Nearby Preikestolen is another attraction called "The Mortised Boulder" that is also worth visiting for its beautiful scenery.
This document discusses the emergence of smart solutions and connected devices. It predicts that by 2020 there will be over 1 trillion connected devices globally. It also discusses how mobility will be a primary driver of ecommerce and eservices by 2015. Finally, it proposes a three step process for developing smart eservices: innovating through due diligence and strategy, developing solutions through management, alliances and pilots, and delivering through market launch and acceleration.
Este documento presenta una lista de adjetivos comúnmente usados para describir la personalidad de las personas. Algunos de los adjetivos incluyen inteligente, cómico, simpático, extrovertido, flojo, trabajador, romántico, antipático, estúpido y aburrido.
Latonagem is a group called SEMAS/Mulheres de Atitude. This group appears to be focused on women and promoting a positive attitude. Unfortunately no other details are provided in the short document to give more context about the purpose or activities of this organization.
This document contains Spanish greetings and ways to say goodbye. It lists common Spanish greetings like "Hola", "Buenos días", "Buenas tardes", and "Buenas noches". It then provides translations and examples of different ways to say goodbye in Spanish such as "Adios", "Chao", "Hasta luego", "Hasta mañana", "Tengo que irme", and "Nos vemos". The document asks questions about how you would say goodbye in different scenarios and provides the appropriate responses.
This document provides information about a clarinet composition titled "Exaltation Composer" by James Swearingen. It includes the scales used, a definition and example of syncopation found in the song, as well as several important musical terms and their locations within the piece. Rhythmic challenges are also outlined, such as syncopated patterns and a triplet pattern in specific measures.
This document summarizes the evolution of ship building from ancient times to modern day. It describes early ships from 3000-4000 BC built by Egyptians from reeds with no internal framing. During 1500 BC, Greek ships became smaller and faster with lean designs that could hold up to 50 oarsmen. Later, Polynesian ships were discovered with outriggers that could stabilize large vessels up to 180 feet long carrying 1000 people. Viking ships from 1000-1200 AD were long and narrow, up to 80 feet long used for travel, trading and colonization. Starting in the 15th century, European and Spanish ships were built for long distance travel with cannons and much larger hulls than Vikings. Modern ships can carry
This document summarizes the evolution of ship building from ancient times to modern day. It describes early ships built by Egyptians and Greeks from reeds and with no internal framing. Viking ships from 1000-1200 AD were longships up to 80 feet long used for raiding and trading. Sailing ships from the 15th-18th centuries included carracks and galleons built by Europeans and Spain with cannons. Modern passenger ships can be over 1000 feet long, hold thousands of people, and burn 300 tons of fuel per day. A future concept is a residential ocean community on a ship costing $1.6 billion to build that would house 5,400 passengers.
THE GREAT INVENTIONS IN WATERWAY TRANSPORT THROUGHOUT HISTORY AND THEIR FUTUR...Fernando Alcoforado
This article aims to present the great inventions that occurred with the means of river, lake and maritime transport, aiming at the transport of people and cargo throughout history and its future evolution. The use of boats constituted one of the first means of locomotion invented by man and was crucial for the development of humanity. Since ancient times, boats have been used as a means of transport. In the beginning, canoes were used for fishing activities and short-distance transport. Canoes are considered the first vessels used to transport people and cargo. Taking advantage of the current of the water or using oars, the navigators moved the canoes, covering small distances. Over time, sailing boats were invented, which moved driven by the force of the wind. The development of ships and the discovery of new navigation techniques made it possible for human beings to cross rivers, seas and oceans, overcoming long distances in the transport of passengers and cargo, in addition to using them as weapons of war. From wooden canoes to large vessels such as modern ocean liners, there has been a lot of progress. In the future, vessels will benefit from increasingly sophisticated technologies. Smart ships will become an integral part of the reality that surrounds us.
The document discusses two shipwrecks from the Late Bronze Age Mediterranean - Cape Gelidonya from around 1200 BCE and Uluburun from the late 14th century BCE. It describes the cargoes found on each ship, which provide evidence of trade networks between the Aegean, Cyprus, Egypt, and the Levantine coast. The Uluburun shipwreck in particular contained a large variety of goods, such as ingots, weapons, glass, and pottery, indicating it was carrying commodities from multiple places and cultures around the Mediterranean on an established trade route. Analysis of the artifacts suggests the ship was Canaanite or Cypriot and heading to the Aegean with goods transported
The document discusses the history and rise of cruise tourism. It notes that cruise vacations have seen unprecedented growth, with the number of cruise passengers increasing by about 10% each year. Cruise ships have become very large vessels that carry people of all backgrounds all over the world. The document also discusses how ocean liners in the early 1900s evolved from cargo and passenger ships to become lavish cruise vessels, though they primarily carried immigrants at the time. This helped set the stage for the modern cruise industry.
Experimental archaeology uses reconstruction and testing to understand past maritime cultures. It allows researchers to experience vessel construction and use, gaining insight into builders' skills and thought processes. Several ship reconstructions are discussed, including the Khufu ship from ancient Egypt and the Kyrenia ship found off Cyprus, revealing details of their design, propulsion, and cargo. Replicas like the Olympias trireme and Viking ships provide data on speed, handling, and crew experience to interpret ancient seafaring. Overall, experimental archaeology brings maritime archaeological findings to life.
Transportation has evolved significantly over time due to technological advances. Early humans developed basic tools like footwear and sleds to travel farther on land. The development of animal-drawn wheeled vehicles and pack animals further expanded land transport capabilities. Major improvements like Roman roads and modern rail systems increased land transport efficiency. Water transport also evolved from primitive boats to advanced sailing vessels and steamships. Aviation progress includes experimentation with kites and gliders as well as breakthroughs like powered aircraft. Continued innovation aims to reduce costs and improve transport.
Explore the wonders of Ancient Greece with our enormous teaching resource pack! Includes a child-friendly eBook with a glossary of related words, along with plenty of classroom activity and display resources.
Available from http://www.teachingpacks.co.uk/the-ancient-greece-pack/
This document discusses some of the rarest ancient artifacts that have been discovered through archaeological findings. It describes the Kabwe Skull found in Zambia in 1921 which is thought to belong to Homo Rhodesiensis; the Antikythera Mechanism, an ancient Greek device considered the earliest mechanical computer; and the Uluburun shipwreck in Turkey dated to the 14th century BCE containing treasures from various Bronze Age cultures. It also mentions the Baghdad battery, a possible ancient battery from 2000 years ago consisting of a clay vessel containing a copper cylinder and iron rod.
The document traces the development of boats over thousands of years, from early rafts made of tied logs to modern hydrofoils. It describes how early boats evolved from hollowed out log canoes to reed boats used by the Egyptians. Viking longboats introduced sailing and oar-powered warships. Later developments included Chinese junks with compartments and rudders, clipper ships, steamships powered without sails or oars, ocean liners like the Titanic, and finally modern hydrofoils that ride above the water for minimal resistance and high speed. The document provides a brief history of boat technology from primitive rafts to advanced modern vessels.
Centuries of archeological findings have led to the discovery of tons of amazing artifacts that have helped people to better understand the ancient world, collective history, and various cultures on Earth. All of which intrinsically impacts how people live today. Here are some of the rarest of these discoveries
This document summarizes the excavation of an ancient shipwreck off the coast of Turkey that was found to be one of the oldest ever discovered. An expedition led by the author located fragments of pottery at the site that were initially thought to date to the Bronze Age, but others questioned this dating. After several years, the author was able to secure funding to return and fully excavate the site. Upon further examination of the pottery fragments, it was conclusively determined that the shipwreck dated to the Middle Bronze Age, making it the oldest known shipwreck at that time.
THE REVOLUTIONS IN THE MEANS OF TRANSPORT FROM PRE-HISTORY TO THE CONTEMPORAR...Fernando Alcoforado
This article aims to present the evolution of land, waterways, air and space transport means throughout history and its future perspectives. The means of transport can be classified into land, pipelines, waterways, air and space. The evolution of the means of transport was essential for the development of humanity. What will the land transport of the future look like? What will the waterway transport of the future look like? What will the air transport of the future look like? What will the space transport of the future look like? This article provides answers to these questions.
Evolution of Water Transport (From Ancient History to the Megaships of today)Jerome Jaime
From Ancient History to the Megaships of today documents the evolution of ships from early dugout canoes to modern megaships. Early boats included dugout canoes used by stone age populations for travel and fishing. The Ancient Egyptians had knowledge of sail construction. In medieval times, dhows were used in the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and Persian Gulf regions. Vikings developed longboats for trade, commerce, exploration, and warfare. Chinese junks carried over 200 people by 200 AD. Modern ships included the SS Savannah, the first steamship to cross the Atlantic in 1818, and the RMS Titanic, the largest ship afloat when it sank in 1912 after colliding with an iceberg.
The document discusses boat models from ancient Egypt spanning from the Predynastic Period to the New Kingdom. It describes 9 boat models in detail, providing images and information on the time period, purpose, design features and occupants of each boat model. The models show evolution in boat design from a Naqada II crocodile boat to 12th Dynasty funerary boats. The models demonstrate the ancient Egyptians' mechanical engineering expertise in developing watercraft suited for transportation, fishing and religious purposes.
The document provides details about the Lighthouse of Alexandria, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. It describes the lighthouse's construction between 280-247 BC under the Ptolemaic Kingdom, with Sostrates of Knidos believed to be the architect. The lighthouse stood over 100 meters tall and its light could be seen from over 100 kilometers away, guiding ships safely to port. It withstood numerous earthquakes over the centuries before collapsing in 1323 AD. The lighthouse left a lasting legacy as the first of its kind and inspiration for future lighthouses. Its ruins remained iconic for Alexandria until being fully dismantled in the 15th century.
This document provides an overview of ancient Egyptian art from the Predynastic period through the Old Kingdom. It describes key developments like the unification of Egypt under King Narmer, the evolution of tomb architecture from mastabas to step pyramids and true pyramids, and important artistic conventions like frontalism. Major artworks discussed include the Narmer Palette, the Step Pyramid and mortuary of Djoser, statues of Khafre and Menkaure, and wall paintings from Saqqara tombs. The document also outlines Egyptian contributions to mathematics, shipbuilding, and other areas.
The wheel was one of the most important inventions in human history. Evidence suggests wheels were independently invented around 3500-3350 BC in parts of Europe and Asia, with the earliest depictions showing up in ancient Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley. Over thousands of years, the wheel evolved from being used only on pottery to being applied to transportation with carts and chariots. Major innovations like spoked wheels in 2000 BC and iron rims in 1000 BC improved the wheel's design and function. Today the wheel remains a ubiquitous mechanical component found in vehicles, machines, and other applications.
The document discusses the evolution of carrack ships from the 13th century onward through the fusion of northern European and Mediterranean shipbuilding traditions. It focuses on the development of the carrack in England, including early examples like the Grace Dieu in 1418. The sinking of the Mary Rose in 1545 marked the end of the prominent use of carracks in Britain as the design became seen as outdated and less stable compared to newer ship types.
Maritime history is the study of human activity at sea and how ships have evolved over time. Early ships were simple rafts, dugout canoes, or boats made of lashed-together sticks and animal hides. Over centuries, ships developed new technologies like sails, rudders, and multiple levels for rowers that allowed them to carry more cargo and travel further. Major innovations included the Phoenicians' development of galleys and triremes powered by both sails and oars, and the later introduction of fore-and-aft rigged sails that made ships more maneuverable. Today's large cargo and tanker ships are a far cry from ancient vessels and continue to incorporate new technologies.
Northern Engraving | Modern Metal Trim, Nameplates and Appliance PanelsNorthern Engraving
What began over 115 years ago as a supplier of precision gauges to the automotive industry has evolved into being an industry leader in the manufacture of product branding, automotive cockpit trim and decorative appliance trim. Value-added services include in-house Design, Engineering, Program Management, Test Lab and Tool Shops.
"What does it really mean for your system to be available, or how to define w...Fwdays
We will talk about system monitoring from a few different angles. We will start by covering the basics, then discuss SLOs, how to define them, and why understanding the business well is crucial for success in this exercise.
Session 1 - Intro to Robotic Process Automation.pdfUiPathCommunity
👉 Check out our full 'Africa Series - Automation Student Developers (EN)' page to register for the full program:
https://bit.ly/Automation_Student_Kickstart
In this session, we shall introduce you to the world of automation, the UiPath Platform, and guide you on how to install and setup UiPath Studio on your Windows PC.
📕 Detailed agenda:
What is RPA? Benefits of RPA?
RPA Applications
The UiPath End-to-End Automation Platform
UiPath Studio CE Installation and Setup
💻 Extra training through UiPath Academy:
Introduction to Automation
UiPath Business Automation Platform
Explore automation development with UiPath Studio
👉 Register here for our upcoming Session 2 on June 20: Introduction to UiPath Studio Fundamentals: https://community.uipath.com/events/details/uipath-lagos-presents-session-2-introduction-to-uipath-studio-fundamentals/
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectorsDianaGray10
Join us to learn how UiPath Apps can directly and easily interact with prebuilt connectors via Integration Service--including Salesforce, ServiceNow, Open GenAI, and more.
The best part is you can achieve this without building a custom workflow! Say goodbye to the hassle of using separate automations to call APIs. By seamlessly integrating within App Studio, you can now easily streamline your workflow, while gaining direct access to our Connector Catalog of popular applications.
We’ll discuss and demo the benefits of UiPath Apps and connectors including:
Creating a compelling user experience for any software, without the limitations of APIs.
Accelerating the app creation process, saving time and effort
Enjoying high-performance CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, for
seamless data management.
Speakers:
Russell Alfeche, Technology Leader, RPA at qBotic and UiPath MVP
Charlie Greenberg, host
What is an RPA CoE? Session 1 – CoE VisionDianaGray10
In the first session, we will review the organization's vision and how this has an impact on the COE Structure.
Topics covered:
• The role of a steering committee
• How do the organization’s priorities determine CoE Structure?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
The Microsoft 365 Migration Tutorial For Beginner.pptxoperationspcvita
This presentation will help you understand the power of Microsoft 365. However, we have mentioned every productivity app included in Office 365. Additionally, we have suggested the migration situation related to Office 365 and how we can help you.
You can also read: https://www.systoolsgroup.com/updates/office-365-tenant-to-tenant-migration-step-by-step-complete-guide/
LF Energy Webinar: Carbon Data Specifications: Mechanisms to Improve Data Acc...DanBrown980551
This LF Energy webinar took place June 20, 2024. It featured:
-Alex Thornton, LF Energy
-Hallie Cramer, Google
-Daniel Roesler, UtilityAPI
-Henry Richardson, WattTime
In response to the urgency and scale required to effectively address climate change, open source solutions offer significant potential for driving innovation and progress. Currently, there is a growing demand for standardization and interoperability in energy data and modeling. Open source standards and specifications within the energy sector can also alleviate challenges associated with data fragmentation, transparency, and accessibility. At the same time, it is crucial to consider privacy and security concerns throughout the development of open source platforms.
This webinar will delve into the motivations behind establishing LF Energy’s Carbon Data Specification Consortium. It will provide an overview of the draft specifications and the ongoing progress made by the respective working groups.
Three primary specifications will be discussed:
-Discovery and client registration, emphasizing transparent processes and secure and private access
-Customer data, centering around customer tariffs, bills, energy usage, and full consumption disclosure
-Power systems data, focusing on grid data, inclusive of transmission and distribution networks, generation, intergrid power flows, and market settlement data
This talk will cover ScyllaDB Architecture from the cluster-level view and zoom in on data distribution and internal node architecture. In the process, we will learn the secret sauce used to get ScyllaDB's high availability and superior performance. We will also touch on the upcoming changes to ScyllaDB architecture, moving to strongly consistent metadata and tablets.
"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor IvaniukFwdays
At this talk we will discuss DDoS protection tools and best practices, discuss network architectures and what AWS has to offer. Also, we will look into one of the largest DDoS attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure that happened in February 2022. We'll see, what techniques helped to keep the web resources available for Ukrainians and how AWS improved DDoS protection for all customers based on Ukraine experience
Discover top-tier mobile app development services, offering innovative solutions for iOS and Android. Enhance your business with custom, user-friendly mobile applications.
ScyllaDB is making a major architecture shift. We’re moving from vNode replication to tablets – fragments of tables that are distributed independently, enabling dynamic data distribution and extreme elasticity. In this keynote, ScyllaDB co-founder and CTO Avi Kivity explains the reason for this shift, provides a look at the implementation and roadmap, and shares how this shift benefits ScyllaDB users.
inQuba Webinar Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr Graham HillLizaNolte
HERE IS YOUR WEBINAR CONTENT! 'Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr. Graham Hill'. We hope you find the webinar recording both insightful and enjoyable.
In this webinar, we explored essential aspects of Customer Journey Management and personalization. Here’s a summary of the key insights and topics discussed:
Key Takeaways:
Understanding the Customer Journey: Dr. Hill emphasized the importance of mapping and understanding the complete customer journey to identify touchpoints and opportunities for improvement.
Personalization Strategies: We discussed how to leverage data and insights to create personalized experiences that resonate with customers.
Technology Integration: Insights were shared on how inQuba’s advanced technology can streamline customer interactions and drive operational efficiency.
inQuba Webinar Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr Graham Hill
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1. Egypt: The Birthplace of Water Transport (3000 - 4000 BC) Egyptian hieroglyphics depicting a ship Egyptian wall painting depicting a wooden boat with square sail
THINK OF SOMETHING FUN Ancient Egyptian artefacts such as pots were found depicting ships and boats, dating back to over 3000 BC
The Egyptians are credited with inventing sails. They used first plants or leafy branches to catch the wind. By 3500 BC they were employing a square sail, probably woven of reeds and set on a single vertical mast placed in the bow. Between 2200 BC and 1900 BC the position of the mast migrated from the bow to amidships. This made it possible to drive the boat forward using cross winds, not just tail winds. The need to transport large stone blocks down river for monument building may have spurred the conversion from reed boats to wooden plank hulls. http://warandgame.wordpress.com/2007/09/07/the-first-boats/ --- The Egyptians made use of bundles of bound papyrus reeds to make their earlier boats. Papyrus is different from paper because papyrus is a laminated material made from thinly cut strips from the stalk of Cyprus Papyrus plant and hence enabled the boat to stay buoyant. These Egyptian boats were made of either native woods or conifers from Lebanon. Papyrus boats were useful for hunting or crossing short stretches of water, using a paddle or a pole. Elsewhere in Mesopotamia: boats were built out of inflated and stretched animal skins and clay pots. ---- Wooden boats generally replaced papyrus rafts for Nile travel, and, since they were faster and more stable than rafts, they were also used for transport. Cedar was very important to the Egyptians as a boat building material. These boats were built of relatively short blocks of timber, and were braced and secured with rope lashings very much in the same style that was used in papyrus boats. Ship builders of that era did not use pegs (treenails) or metal fasteners, but relied on rope to keep their ships assembled. Planks and the superstructure were tightly tied and bound together. All the cities and towns were easily accessible by boat, and the Nile provided the perfect means of transport, since it was cheap and quick. The necessary water power was provided by the current and the wind.
At Abydos (one of the most ancient cities in upper egypt), the boat-builder's tool kit included tools known for at least 500 years, and tool marks provide a range of information about tool type, size and sharpness. Metal saws were used to shape the planks, and lashing channels were cut with a chisel. Sandstone polishers were probably used as well, as the few toolmarks visible were located inside channels and on an 8cm area of one plank. REALISTICPICTURE
The Egyptians would cut out planks of wood which would then be lashed with each other using tools that were fed through specially created mortises. This is an ancient joint and has been found joining the wooden planks of the " Khufu ship “ EXPLAIN The wooden planks had seams between them and reeds were used to caulk them. Unlike modern-day boats the ancient Egyptian boat design did not factor in internal framing. An uncovered boat would appear to be twisted.
The transition from the paddle to the oar took place in Egypt around 2500 BC. The oar had several advantages over the paddle and permitted both the size and speed of vessels to increase. The oar was secured to the boat, giving the oarsman more leverage. It also permitted multiple rowers to be placed side-by-side manning a single oar, although this innovation was not adopted until centuries later. The deck of the traditional paddle boat needed to be low to the waterline so the paddles could reach the water. This restriction had limited the overall size, height, and displacement of boats of that time. Long oars made larger boats possible. Oversized oars dipped into the water near the rear of the boat were used to steer. This early rudder was first simply held by the helmsman and not connected to the boat. Large vessels of the time had as many as five steering oars.
In ancient times, Egyptian society depended upon the Nile River for its existence. Society flourished for approximately 3000 years because of the Egyptian people’s ability to harness the power of the river for agricultural purposes, social events, community projects, religious purposes. demonstrating prestige and exhibition of power connected to warfare and domination. Boats for war, boats for administering justice, boats for trade and boats to travel to the next world are some of the earliest symbols of royal power The burial of boats in ancient Egyptian funerary monuments is as significant a socio-economic statement about the nature of power as the construction of massive mudbrick and wood tombs or even pyramids. They also traveled by boat around Egypt and into the Mediterranean Sea to trade with other cultures. Egypt's expanding interests in trade goods such as ebony, incense such as Myrrh and frankincense, gold, copper and other useful metals inspired the ancient Egyptians to build suitable ships for navigation of the open sea. They traded with Lebanon for cedar and traveled the length of the Red Sea to the Kingdom of Punt, which is modern day Ethiopia and Somalia for ebony, ivory and aromatic resins. Because the boats could be taken apart, they also could be carried across the desert and put back together on the coast for a Red Sea voyage http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb3284/is_307_80/ai_n29259209/pg_5/
It is of the type known as a " solar barge “ (a mythological representation of the sun riding in a boat ). However, it bears some signs of having been used in water, and it is possible that the ship was either a funerary "barge" used to carry the king's embalmed body from Memphis to Giza, or even that Khufu himself used it as a "pilgrimage ship" to visit holy places and that it was then buried for him to use in the afterlife. By the twelfth dynasty this practice became too expensive. So instead, models of boats were placed in the tombs, which would serve the same purpose as the full-sized vessels.
The Khufu ship is an intact full-size vessel from Ancient Egypt that was sealed into a pit in the Giza pyramid complex at the foot of the Great Pyramid of Giza around 2,500 BC. The ship was almost certainly built for Khufu (King Cheops), the second pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom of Egypt. 43.6m long, 5.9m wide Found neatly disassembled into >1000 pieces
LINK FROM EGYPTIAN: faster For three turbulent centuries, the glimpse of a square sail and dragon-headed prow on the horizon struck terror into the hearts of medieval Europeans. Indeed, the Viking Age, from A.D. 800-1100, was the age of the sleek, speedy longship. Without this crucial advance in ship technology, the Vikings would never have become a dominant force in medieval warfare, politics, and trade. They could cross the open oceans under sail and then switch to oars for lightning-fast hit-and-run attacks on undefended towns and monasteries. Viking vessels were called “Dragon Ships” because a ceremonial decoration in the shape of a dragon's head was placed on the bow of the ship who rowed the ship. The longboats were long and narrow so were able to travel on the open sea, as well as along rivers. The ships were quite fast (7-12 knots speed) and extremely stable in the rough seas off Scandinavia and the North Atlantic. double-ended, the symmetrical bow and stern allowing the ship to reverse direction quickly, without having to turn around.
The particular design, shape and decoration of the dragon's head symbolized the Viking force and power because the Vikings were great raiders. The Vikings were feared among many civilizations in ancient Europe and the dragon figureheads depicted their strength and brutality as well as their fearlessness. Because Vikings were very superstitious, the heads on their dragon ships were intended to ward off sea monsters and spirits. On land the heads could be removed so they do not ward off friendly land spirits.
It is said that the Vikings preferred to employ oak wood to make their ships, because the natural curving of the branches eased the creation of aerodynamic shapes. The greatest warships were always made from Oak, not only because of the great strength of the timber, but also because the tree was sacred to their warrior God Oðin. Splitting a log involves starting a split with an axe, and whilst the axe is still lodged in the timber, an oak wedge is then hammered in to the split next to the axehead. The axe can then be hammered in further with a wooden mallet. This will make the split travel down the length of the log. Another wedge is added, and the first is banged further in. The axe can then be removed an sometimes hammered in further along the split. So the process goes on, with most of the work being done by the wedges saving the precious axehead. By splitting the timber in this way, the carpenter is working with the wood so as to get the greatest strength out of it. A saw would just cut through anything in it's path, ignoring the grain in the timber. Almost all the work on the ship would have been done with axes of various kinds, and adzes which are much like an axe, but with the blade turned through 90 degrees.
All Viking ships were made by a unique “Clinker” technique of overlapping the edges of the strakes and riveting the overlap section together. As a result, hulls were light and flexible, able to bend in the open sea without breaking. Like the Egyptians as mentioned earlier, the Vikings also did not have an internal frame for their boats. Next, the boat-builders affixed evenly spaced floor timbers to the keel and not to the hull to maintain the boat’s flexibility. Crossbeams were added to provide a deck and rowing benches, and a massive beam along the keel supported the mast.
their ancestral knowledge included a great deal about finding your location by the sun and the stars. However in the far north, the sun is often below the horizon during most of the day, Viking voyages to Iceland, Greenland, and America were almost certainly under such conditions, and often in storms or deep fog. How did they find their way when the sun and stars could not be seen? Several sagas mention a device called a sunstone. The sunstone is mentioned with reverence and undertones that have made it seem magical and legendary. Many today still believe that it is purely a myth. Others speculate that it was a natural crystal which could refract light, making it possible to see the sun when it is not otherwise visible. Read more at Suite101: Vikings, Longboats, and Navigation: Ancestral nautical knowledge http://transportationhistory.suite101.com/article.cfm/vikins__longboats__and_navigation#ixzz0iSgIpfM8
A Viking called Bjarni Herjolfsson 'discovered' America by accident in the year 985. He saw an unknown land, after his ship was blown off course on the way from Iceland to Greenland. In 1001, Leif Ericsson, son of Eric the Red, sailed west to find this new land. Leif and his men were the first Europeans known to have landed in America. Soon afterwards, Thorfinn Karlsefni led a small group of Viking families to settle in the new land. But after fights with the local Native American people, the Vikings gave up their settlement.
The Vikings traded all over Europe, and as far east as Central Asia. They bought goods and materials such as silver, silk, spices, wine, jewellery, glass and pottery. In return, they sold items such as honey, tin, wheat, wool, wood, iron, fur, leather, fish. Everywhere they went the Vikings bought and sold slaves. Without this crucial advance in ship technology, the Vikings would never have become a dominant force in medieval warfare, politics, and trade. They pillaged monasteries, churches, the fortresses of Irish Lords, and farms. In 836 the lands of the southern Uí Néill suffered such an episode. In 837, the same thing happened on the Boyne and Liffey rivers on the east coast and on the Shannon on the west. In 840 the Vikings spent a year on Lough Neagh pillaging, amongst others, the monastery of Armagh. Many of the scholars and monks of Louth monastery were captured and sold into slavery. The Vikings plundered monasteries of gold and jewels. They also took livestock and kidnapped children to be slaves. The Vikings were brave sailors and explorers. Vikings settled in Britain, but also sailed out into the north Atlantic Ocean and south to the Mediterranean Sea. Families were ready to risk their lives on long, dangerous journeys to find new land to farm. https://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/vikings/trade_and_exploration/ ---