Advancement in Suspension System: - A Review

IDL - International Digital Library Of
Technology & Research
Volume 1, Issue 3, May 2017 Available at: www.dbpublications.org
International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017
IDL - International Digital Library 1 | P a g e Copyright@IDL-2017
Advancement in Suspension System: - A
Review
Meghana.O
UG Student, Mechanical Engineering,
SriRevana Siddeshwara Institute of technology
Chikkajala Bangalore: - 562157
8722109661, 9035171096
chinnumeghana962@gmail.com
KRISHNA NALAGI
Asst. Professor,
Mechanical Engineering Department,
Sri Revana Siddeshwara Institute of Technology
Chikkajala Bangalore: - 562157
Abstract
The purpose of presenting this review paper is to provide in-depth information about suspension system.
It explains the comforts and safety of the passenger. It illustrates the importance of the suspension system
in automobile. Vehicle suspensions systems typically rated by its ability to provide good road handling
and improve passenger comfort. It also says the improvement that has been taken place in the suspension
system for a better ride and driver comfort. The foremost suspension was Bose electromagnetic
suspension. The advancement that has been used in the suspension system is for cars. The three
technologies that had made cars even better than first that is: - 1. DRC (dynamic ride control), 2.
Magnetic Dampers (AUDI R8), 3.Active Curve Tilting. Further it illustrates the specification and causes
of the invention and it also describes the electromagnetic active suspensions. The future trends of
automotive suspensions are due to simple structure, high-bandwidth, accurate and flexible force control,
high ride quality, good handling performance, and energy regeneration. It says the application and better
enrolment of suspension system.
Keywords: suspension system, Bose
electromagneticsuspension, three technologies
that had made cars even better than the
first,automotive suspension systemIntroduction: -
When people think of automobile performance, they
normally think of horsepower, torque and zero-to-60
acceleration. But all of the power generated by a
piston engine is useless if the driver can't control the
car. That's why automobile engineers turned their
attention to the suspension system almost as soon as
they had mastered the four-stroke internal combustion
engine. Suspension is the system of tires, tire
air, springs, shock absorbers and linkages that
connects a vehicle to its wheels and allows relative
motion between the two. The main goalto research the
paper is to get the information about the advancement
of suspension system compared to the previous
advancement that has been taken such as: -PID
control, optimal control, robust control linear
parameter varying , nonlinear control techniques like
sliding mode control, back stepping control and
feedback linearization. Intelligent control techniques
such as fuzzy logic control and various Neural
Network -based control methods, NARMA L2

control, and so many. The most advanced technology
has made suspension system even better and comfort
full. This presentation also explains about the
automotive active suspension system (four wheel
suspension system), dynamic ride control in AUDI RS
7, active curve tilting in BENZ S65, and magnetic
dampers in AUDI R8. This review is made to describe
the safety, comfort, and improvement in the
suspension system.
Description: - Suspension is the system of tires, tire
air, springs, shock absorbers and linkages that
connects a vehicle to its wheels and allows relative
motion between the two. The new advancement that
has been taken place in suspension system is discussed
in this paper. This paper explains the advancement in
suspension system of vehicles. It also explains the
comforts and safety ofthe passenger. The
advancement that had taken place is based upon the
active suspension system.
Principle of Suspension System:-
 To restrict road vibrations from being
transmitted to the various components of the
vehicle
 To protect the passengers from road shocks
 To maintain the stability of the vehicle in
pitching and rolling.
The main important factor of the suspension
system is spring rate.
Spring rate: -The spring rate (or suspension rate) is
a component in setting the vehicle's ride height or its
location in the suspension stroke.
K=F/X
Where,
F is the force the spring exerts
K is the spring rate of the spring.
X is the deflection of the spring from its equilibrium
position (i.e., when no force is applied on the spring,
spring rate is confined to a narrow interval by the
weight of the vehicle, load the vehicle will carry, and
to a lesser extent by suspension geometry and
performance desires.
The fore most suspension that had taken place was
Bose electromagnetic suspension where in which
Amar Bose worked on it. In 1980’s nearly 25 years he
worked on suspension system in automobiles. It
consists of linear electromagnetic attached on each
wheel, Power amplifiers at each wheel, and a set of
control algorithms.
Working: -The (fig 1) shows the Bose suspension
system. The Bose system uses a linear electromagnetic
motor (fig 2) at each wheel a conventional shock-and-
spring setup. Amplifiers provide electricity to the
motors in such a way that their power is regenerated
with each compression of the system. The main
benefit of the motors is that they are not limited by the
inertia inherent in conventional fluid-based dampers.
As a result, an LEM can extend and compress at a
much greater speed, virtually eliminating all
vibrations in the passenger cabin.The wheel's motion
can be so finely controlled that the body of the car
remains level regardless of what's happening at the
wheel. The LEM can also counteract the body motion
of the car while accelerating, braking and cornering,
giving the driver a greater sense of control. This also
increases efficiency, improved dynamic
behavior,stability improvement, reduces vibration for
the driver and provide comfort ride. But this had some
disadvantages such as consumes high current for 12-
14V system, higher cost, conventional design is
needed. But this was the step for the suspension
system in automobiles which lead to many more
advancement in vehicle suspension system such as
PID control, nonlinear control techniques, NARMA
L2, neural network control, adaptive fuzzy controller
and many more. The new advancement that has been
taken place in suspension system is discussed in this
paper, which explains the improvement in the
suspension system.
Fig1: - Bose Electromagnetic Suspension System

Fig2: - Linear Electromagnetic Actuator
New trends in suspension: -
3 technologies that are making Car
suspension even better: -
1. Magnetic dampers
2. Active curve tilting
3. Dynamic ride control
 Automotive seating suspension
 Advanced suspension system
Magnetic Dampers: -
If you enjoy the magnetic dampers on your Ferrari
FF or Audi R8, you can thank General Motorsfor
developing the technology
(Fig 3) shows the magnetic dampers. By varying
electric current through a ferrous fluid, Magnetic Ride
Control dampers can adjust their stiffness in response
to driving conditions. And while the system is
licensed to other companies, GM, as the originator, is
still out front. Its third-generation Magnetic Ride
Control improves on prior designs by adding a second
wire. Now the fluid can be actively switched from
firm to compliant, whereas before there was a lag as
the particles naturally returned to their relaxed state.
The implication at sixty miles per hour the Stingray
can adjust for each inch of road.(Fig: - 4) show the
working procured.When the power is offthe atoms
will independently moving along the body (fig 5).
While when the power is on all the particles set into
linear motion which provides good motion of
vehicle.While the power is minimum some particles
will be in linear motion and some will be
independently moving (fig 6), but when the power is
maximum all the particles will be in linear position
(fig 7), which provides relatively good motion for the
vehicle. Magnetic dampers provide good relative
motion between tries and road which also reduces the
road vibrations and provides comfort for the driver.
Fig3: - Working Of Magnetic Dampers
Fig4: - working of system while power is maximum
Fig5: -
working of
system
while power
is minimum
Active Curve Tilting:-
Motorcyclists can tell you that leaning into a corner
feels natural but too bad that cars can't do that. Well,
now even cars can experience this curve tilting. The
2015 Mercedes-Benz S65 AMG coupe. Using a
lateral-acceleration sensor paired to a forward-
looking camera (fig 8). The S65 perceives corners and
then uses its air suspension to tilt the body in toward

the apex (fig 9).The goal isn't higher performance but,
rather, increased comfort as the passengers experience
lower lateral loads at a given speed. Basically, if the
road doesn't have a nicely banked corner, the car
simulates one for its occupants.Proving yet again, that
it's nice to be rich. This suspension gives good and
economical ride for a driver. While driving the mode
can be changed to comfort ride sports ride
Fig8: -active curve tilting in BENZ S65
Fig6:lateral-acceleration sensorforward-looking
camera
Fig7: -
seating
vibration without active curve tilting and with
active curve tilting
Dynamic ride control (DRC) :- (Audi RS 7)
The Audi RS 7 is the latest car to gain a hydraulic
cross-linked suspension, which Audi dubs Dynamic
Ride Control. While conventional suspensions use
steel antiroll bars to counteract body roll, hydraulic
systems send fluid to the opposite side of the car. It as
diagonally linked DRC, in which centrally valves
regulate the oil flow. It also reduces rolling while
cornering and reduces pitching while braking. When
you're not pulling major g's, the system stays out of
the way, allowing unimpeded wheel travel and a
smooth ride. It's like having huge antiroll bars and no
antiroll bars at all, depending on the situation. It has
diagonally linked DRC dampers which regulates the
oil flow. It also reduces the rolling while cornering. It
also reduces the pitching while braking. The vehicles
with the best compromise between performance and
handling all use some version of this approach.
Hydraulic cross-linking isn't perfect, but it's the
closest thing right now to a full active suspension.
Fig9: - Dynamic ride control when cornering

Fig10: DRC system in AUDI RS7
Fig11: Diagonally linked DRC
Fig12: Rolling when cornering
Automotive Advanced Suspension
Systems:-
Striking the right balance of driver comfort, safety,
and vehicle dynamics relies heavily on a vehicle’s
suspension system. Integrating advanced vehicle
technologies present their own set of challenges which
will be further complicated in coming years by the
industry’s shift toward autonomous driving and
widespread utilization of chassis light weighting to
meet global emission standards. The suspension
system in a vehicle mainly consists of springs, shock
absorbers and various linkages. The key functions of
the system are to increase the vehicle’s road holding
capacity and also, to provide complete comfort to the
occupants inside the vehicle from bumps in the road
and other vibrations. These systems are broadly
classified as dependent and independent, depending
upon the ability of the wheels on the opposite of the
vehicle to move independently of each other. The
vehicle suspension system is responsible for driving
comfort and safety as the suspension carries the
vehicle body and transmits all forces between the
body and the road. In order to positively influence
these properties, semi-active and/or active components
are introduced. These enable the suspension system to
adapt to various driving conditions. By adding a
variable damper and/or spring, driving comfort and
safety are considerably improved compared to
suspension setups with fixed properties. Continuing
demands for improving vehicle safety and ride
comfort have resulted in the development of advanced
Suspension and damping systems with adjustable
fuzzy control. Algorithm which has improved vehicle
comfort and road holding capability. It not only can
reflect the advantage of fuzzy logic in nonlinearity
system but also can improve the disadvantage of
common fuzzy control method strongly depending on
the experience. It is shown that with innovative use of
electronic and damping hardware, cost effective
solutions can be realized.
Fig13: Front wheel suspension

Fig14: graph of automotive active suspension
Conclusion:-
From the whole discussion in suspension system, I
observe that suspension system is like a WHITE
BLOOD CELL. As WBC provides energy to our body
to fight against disease or viruses which try to destroy
or try to decrease our life.In the similar way
SUSPENSION SYSTEM provides the energy to a
vehicle to protect itself from damaging, increasing life
of the vehicle, increases the handing, increases
comfort of passengers and many more.So, according
to me if you remove the suspension system, then you
feel like in bull –cart in Audi, Benz types of luxurious
cars. The only difference is size, speed, etc. . . .
The advancement in active suspension system as made
a good comfort for the riders where it reduces the road
vibration provides good comfort ride. This paper
provides the information about the suspension system
which has made automobiles even better and also
reduces the risk of accidents, health, road noise, and
etc.
Reference: -
 Google Wikipedia
 Krishna Nalagi, asst.professor Mechanical
dept SRSIT
 Uday Kumar HOD Mechanical dept SRSIT
 Bharath GopalakrishnaAsst.professor
Mechanical dept SRSIT
 Distributed control of a car suspension
system A REVIEW BY Mohamed El Mongi
Ben Gaid, Arben C¸ ela, R´emyKocik
 Adaptive Fuzzy Wavelet NN Control
Strategy for
Full Car Suspension System
 LaiqKhan,Rabiah Badar and ShahidQamar
Department of Electrical Engineering,
 ZERO-POWER MAGNETIC SUSPENSION
Takeshi MIZUNO
 Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Saitama University
 Automotive suspension group of Company
 Volathan group of Company, Germany
 Anusha.k CSE dept SRSIT
 Mohan Asst.professorMechDept SRSIT
 Naveen Asst.ProfessorMechdept SRSIT

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