7. 1.Àðàâòûí îðíûã èëýðõèéëýõ òîîíóóäûã –ty äàãàâðûí
òóñëàìæòàéãààð ¿¿ñãýíý. Õàðèí two, three, four, five çýðýã
òîîíññäûí õýëáýðò áàãà çýðýã ººðчëºëò ãàðäàã. Two-twenty, threethirty, four-forty, five-fifty, six-sixty, seven-seventy
2.Àðàâòûí áîëîí ò¿¿íèé äàðààõ îðíû õîîðîíä çóðààñ òàâüæ ºãäºã. Æ:
twenty-one, thirty-five, forty-seven
3.Hundred, thousand, million çýðýã òîîíóóäûí ºìíº ýñ òóõайлах
ÿëãàìæ áóþó one ãýñýí òîîíû íýð õýðýãëýãääýã. Æ: a (one) hundred,
a (one) thousand, a (one) million
4.Hundred, thousand, million çýðýã òîîíóóäûí ºìíº two, three ãýõ ìýò
òîîíû íýðñ îðâîë îëîí òîîíû –s òºãñãºë àâäàãã¿é. Two hundred, three
thousand, four million. Ãýõäýý hundred, thousand, million çýðýã
òîîíóóä íü òîäîðõîéã¿é òîî õýìæýýã èëýðõèéëæ áàéâàë, ººðººð
õýëáýë çóó çóóí, ìÿíãà ìÿíãàí, ñàÿàð òîîëîãäîõ ãýõ ìýò óòãààð
õýðýãëýãäýæ áàéâàë –s òºãñãºë àâäàã.
8. Äýñ òîî (Ordinal Numerals)
Äýñ òîîãîîð òîäîòãîãäîæ áóé íýð ¿ãñ òóõайлах ÿëãàìæòàé õýðýãëýãääýã.
Íýð ¿ã íü äóðüäàãäààã¿é òîõèîëäîëä ч äýñ òîîíû ºìíº ÿëãàìæ
õàäãàëàãäàíà. Æ: March is the third month of the year. Ãóðàâäóãààð ñàð
áîë æèëèéí ãóðàâ äàõü ñàð. Your second composition is better that the
first. Òàíû õî¸ð äàõü á¿òýýë ýõíèéõýýñýý ñàéí áîëæ.
Äýñ òîîíû ºìíº ýñ òóõайлах ÿëãàìæèéã õýðýãëýæ áîëäîã. Ýíý òîõèîëäîëä
äýñ òîî íü ººð, äàõèí íýã ãýñýí óòãûã èëýðõèéëíý. We have sent them a
second letter. Áèä òýäýíä àõèí íýã çàõèà ÿâóóëñàí.
First, second, third ãýñýí ãóðâàí äýñ òîîíîîñ áóñàä íü –th äàãàâðûí
òóñëàìæòàéãààð õýëáýðæäýã. Òóõàéëáàë: fourth, sixth, seventh ãýõ
ìýò. Õàðèí five, twelve çýðýã òîîíóóä äýñ òîî áîëîõäîî –ve òºãñãºë íü –f –
ýýð ñîëèãäîæ, fifth, twelfth ãýñýí õýëáýðòýé áîëíî.
Á¿ðýëäìýë äýñ òîîã ¿¿ñãýõèéí òóëä ñ¿¿ë÷èéíõ íü òîîã ë ººð÷ëºõ
øààðäëàãàòàé. Twenty-first, hundred and twenty – first , two hundred and
forty-eighth .Íîìûí õóóäàñ, á¿ëýã, ç¿éë, ìºí æ¿æãèéí ¿çýãäýë çýðãèéã
äóãààðëàõäàà íýð ¿ãèéí àðààñ îðæ áóé äýñ òîîíóóäûã íü ¿íäñýí òîî
áîëãîæ ººðчëºõ õýðýãòýé. Ýíý òîõèîëäîëä íýð ¿ã íü ÿëãàìæã¿é
õýðýãëýãääýã.
9. Æ: The first part = part one
The fifth chapter = chapter five
The ninth paragraph = paragraph nine The twenty-first page = page
twenty-one
¯íäñýí òîî íü ò¿¿íчëýí áàéð, ºðºº, íèéòèéí òýýâðèéí äóãààð, ãóòàë,
õóâöàñíû õýìæýý çýðãèéã çààõàä õýðýãëýãäýíý. Ýíý òîõèîëäîëä íýð
¿ãñ íü ÿëãàìæã¿é áàéíà.
The lecture will take place in classroom No. 15 (number fifteen ãýæ
óíøèãäàíà) Ëåêö àðâàí òàâäóãààð ºðººíä áîëíî. He wears size forty
shoes. Òýð 40 ðàçìåðèéí ãóòàë ºìñäºã.
Áóòàðõàé òîî (Fractional Numerals)
Áóòàðõàé òîîã ýíãèéí áóòàðõàé (Common Fractions), àðàâòûí
áóòàðõàé (Decimal Fractions) ãýæ õî¸ð àíãèëíà.
À. Ýíãèéí áóòàðõàéã èëýðõèéëýõäýý õ¿ðòâýðèéã ¿íäñýí òîîãîîð,
õóâààðèéã äýñ òîîãîîð õýëíý. Òóõàéëáàë: 1/3 – a (one) third; 1/5 – a
(one) fifth; 1/8 – an (one) eight ãýõ ìýò.
10. Ãýõäýý 1/2 íü a (one) half, 1/4 íü a (one) quarter (çàðèìäàà: a
fourth) ãýæ õýëýãäýíý. Õàðèí õ¿ðòâýð íü íýãýýñ èõ áîë õóâààðèéã
íü –s òºãñãºëòýéãýýð õýëíý. Òóõàéëáàë: 2/3 (two thirds), 5/6 (five
sixths) ãýõ ìýò.
Á. Áóòàðõàé òîîíû àðààñ îðîõ íýð ¿ãèéí ãàíö òîîí äýýð õýëäýã. Æ:
2/3 ton (two thirds of a ton), 3/4 kilometre (three quarters of a
kilometer), 1/2 ton (half a ton)
Â. Õýðýâ á¿õýëòýé áóòàðõàé òîîíû àðààñ íýð ¿ã îðâîë òóõàéí íýð
¿ãèéã íü îëîí òîîãîîð èëýðõèéëíý. Æ: 2 1/2 tons (two and a half tons
áóþó two tons and a half), 4 1/3 tons (four and a third tons áóþó
four tons and a third). Õýðâýý á¿õýëòýé áóòàðõàé òîîíû á¿õýë íü
íýãòýé òýíö¿¿ áîë àðààñ íü îðîõ íýð ¿ãèéã îëîí òîîí äýýð õýëäýã.
Õàðèí íýð ¿ãèéã á¿õýë áà áóòàðõàé òîîíû äóíä õýëæ áàéãàà áîë
ãàíö òîîí äýýð õýëíý. Æ: 1 1/2 hours (one and a half hours de/e one
/an/ hour and a half). 1 1/3 pounds (one and a third pounds áóþó
one /a/ pound and a third)
11. Ã. Àðàâòûí áóòàðõàé òîîã îðîí îðíîîð íü òàñëàí õýëýõ áà áóòàðõàé
òîîã öýã (point)-ýýð çààãëàíà. Òýãèéã nought ãýæ óíøäàã.
Õýðâýý òýãòýé òýíö¿¿ áîë á¿õýë òîî íü õýëýãäýõã¿é áàéõ
òîõèîëäîë áóé. 0.25 (nought point two five áóþó ýñâýë ç¿ãýýð ë
point two five ãýæ áîëíî), 14.105 (one four /áóþó fourteen/ point
one nought five)
Õýðâýý àðàâòûí áóòàðõàé òîîíû á¿õýë íü òýãòýé òýíö¿¿ áîë
äàðàà íü õýðýãëýãäýæ áóé íýð ¿ãèéã ãàíö òîîíä, õàðèí áóñàä
òîõèîëäîëä îëîí òîîíä õýëíý. Æ: 0.25 ton (nought point two five of a
ton), 1.25 tons (one point two five tons), 23.76 tons (two three point
seven six tons áóþó twenty-three point seven six tons)
1,Õóâèéã äàðààõ áàéäëààð èëýðõèéëäýã. 2% = 2per cent = 2ð.ñ
(two per cent.)
3/8% = 3/8 per cent. = 3/8 p.c. (three eighths per cent áóþó three
eighths of one per cent)
0.2% = 0.2 per cent. = 0.2 p.c (nought point two per cent áóþó
nought point two of one per cent.)
19. Áèå
Íýð. ò.ÿ
Çààõ. ò.ÿ
1-ð áèå
I (áè)
My (ìèíèé)
2-ð áèå
.........
...............
3-ð áèå
He (òýð ýð)
Him (ò¿¿íèéã, ò¿¿íä)
She (òýð ýì)
Her (ò¿¿íèéã, ò¿¿íä)
It (òýð)
It (ò¿¿íèéã, ò¿¿íä)
1-р бие
We (áèä)
Us (áèäíèéã, áèäýíä)
2-ð áèå
You (òà íàð)
You (òà íàðûã, òà íàðò)
3-ð áèå
They (òýä)
Them (òýäíèéã, òýäýíä)
20. Íýðëýõèéí òийн ялгал äàõü áèåийн òºëөөний ¿ã íü ºã¿¿ëáýðò
ºã¿¿ëýãäýõ¿¿í áà ºã¿¿ëýõ¿¿íèé íýð õýñãèéí ¿¿ðãèéã
ã¿éöýòãýíý. Æ: We saw that picture (ºã¿¿ëýãäýõ¿¿í). Áèä òýð
çóðãèéã õàðñàí.
It is I (he, we ãýõ ìýò) (ºã¿¿ëýõ¿¿íèé íýð õýñýã). Ýíý áîë áè (òýð,
áèä ãýõ ìýò)
ßðèàíû õýëýíä ºã¿¿ëýõ¿¿íèé íýð õýñãèéí ¿¿ðãèéã çààõûí òийн
ÿлгал äàõü áèåийн òºëөөний ¿ã ã¿éöýòãýõ òîõèîëäîë áàéäàã.
Òóõàéëáàë: It’s me (him, us) ãýõ ìýò. “Áè” áóþó “I” ãýñýí òºëөөний
¿ã ¿ðãýëæ òîì ¿ñãýýð áèчèãääýã. ªã¿¿ëáýðò áóñàä òºë. ¿ãòýé
(ò¿¿íчëýí íýð ¿ãòýé) õýðýãëýãäýõ òîõèîëäîëä “I” íü òýäãýýðèéí
äàðàà áèчèãääýã.
You and I (he and I) must be there at seven o’clock.
Òà áèä õî¸ð (òýð áèä õî¸ð) òýíä äîëîîí öàãò áàéõ ¸ñòîé.
My friend and I will help you. Áè íàéçòàéãàà òàíä òóñàëíà.
He òºëөөний ¿ã íü ýð õ¿éñèéí íýð ¿ãèéã òºëººëäºã. Æ:
•John is an teacher. He works at a school. Æîí áîë áàãø. Òýð
ñóðãóóëüä àæèëëàäàã.
21. She òºëөөний ¿ã íü ýì õ¿éñèéí íýð ¿ãèéã òºëººëäºã. Æ:
“Where is Tuul?”
“She is in the garden”
-Òóóë õààíà áàéíà?
-Òýð öýöýðëýãò áàéãàà.
It òºëөөний ¿ã íü àìüã¿é ç¿éëèéã èëýðõèéëæ áóé íýð ¿ãèéã
òºëººëäºã. Æ:
•The chair is broken. Ñàíäàë ýâäýðõèé.
•It is broken. Òýð ýâäýðõèé.
•The book is on the shelf. Íîì òàâèóð äýýð áàéíà.
•It is on the shelf. Òýð òàâèóð äýýð áàéíà.
̺í it òºëөөний ¿ãèéã àìüòàíû òóõàé ºã¿¿ëýõýä õýðýãëýäýã. Áà
ºã¿¿ëýãчèä óã àìüòàí ÿìàð õ¿éñèéí àìüòàí áîëîõ íü ñîíèðõîëòîé
áóñ áóþó òîäîðõîéã¿é ¿åä õýðýãëýãääýã.
•The cat is under the table. Ìóóð øèðýýí äîîð áàéíà.
They (òýä) ãýñýí òºëөөний ¿ã íü àìüòàé áà àìüã¿é íýð ¿ãñèéí àëü
àëèíûã íü òºëººëæ áîëíî.
•The students are in the corridor. Îþóòíóóä õîíãèëä áàéíà.
22. •They are on the shelf. Òýä òàâèóð äýýð áàéíà.
You (òà) òºëөөний ¿ã íü îëîí òîîíû óòãûã èëýðõèéëäýã ч 2-ð áèåèéí
ãàíö òîîíä îëîí õ¿íèéã ч, ãàíö õ¿íèéã çààæ áîëíî.
•Children, where are you? Õ¿¿õä¿¿ä ýý, òà íàð õààíà áàéíà?
•Bayaraa, where are you? Áàÿðàà, чè õààíà áàéíà?
2-ð áèåèéí ãàíö òîîí äàõü thou (thee) òºëөөний ¿ã íü çºâõºí ÿðóу
íàéðàãò ë õýðýãëýãääýã. Çààõûí òийн ÿлгал äàõü áèåийн òºëөөний
¿ãñ íü øóóä òóñàãäàõóóíû, ýñâýë øóóä áóñ òóñàãäàõóóíû ¿¿ðãèéã
ã¿éöýòãýäýã. Æ: He saw me in the street. I met them at the station.
Çààõûí òийн ÿлгал äàõü òºëөөний ¿ã áîëîí to óãòâàð á¿õèé íèéëýìæ
íü øóóä áóñ òóñàãäàõóóí áîëäîã. Æ: He showed the picture to her and
not to me. Çààõûí òийн ÿлгал äàõü òºëөөний ¿ã áîëîí by, with óãòâàð
á¿õèé íèéëýìæ íü øóóä áóñ òóñàãäàõóóí áîëäîã. Æ: The article was
translated by her and not by them.
Çààõûí òийн ÿлгал äàõü òºëөөний ¿ã ÿìàð ч ñãòâàðòàé
õýðýãëýãäýæ, øóóä áóñ òóñàãäàõóóí áîëîõ áîëîìæòîé. Æ:
•This letter is for you. Ýíý çàõèà òàíä èðñýí. I have read about it. Áè ýíý
òóõàé óíøñàí.
.
24. Áèå
Áèå. òºë. ¿ãñ
Õàì. òºë. ¿ãñ
1-ð áèå
2-ð áèå
3-ð áèå
/
..............
He
She
It
My (ìèíèé)
................
His (ò¿¿íèé)
Her (ò¿¿íèé)
Its (ò¿¿íèé)
Áèå
Áèå. òºë. ¿ãñ
Õàì. òºë. ¿ãñ
1-ð áèå
We
Our (áèäíèé, ìàíàé)
2-ð áèå
You
Your (òà íàðûí, òàíàé)
3-ð áèå
They
Their (òýä íàðûí, òýäíèé)
25. Ýíý õýëáýðò áóé õàìаатулах òºëөөний ¿ã íü ÿìàãò íýð ¿ãèéíõýý ºìíº
îðäîã. Òºëөөний ¿ã ººðºº íýð ¿ãèéíõýý òóõàéëö íü áîëîõ óчðààñ íýð
¿ãèéí ºìíº ÿëãàìæ õýðýãëýãääýãã¿é. Æ: My book is on the table.
Ìèíèé íîì øèðýýí äýýð áàéíà. He gave me his address. Òýð íàäàä
õàÿãàà ºãñºí.
Õýðâýý íýð ¿ãèéí ºìíº ººð òîäîòãîë áàéâàë õàì. òºë. ¿ã íü áóñàä
òóõàéëöûí íýã àäèë òýäãýýðèéí ºìíº íü îðæ ºãäºã.
•Where is my red pencil? Ìèíèé óëààí õàðàíäàà õààíà áàéíà?
•His elder brother lives in Erdenet. Ò¿¿íèé òîì àõ Ýðäýíýòýä
àìüäàðäàã.
Õàìаатуулах òºëөөний ¿ã íü ÿëãàìæèéí íýã àäèë all áà both-èéí
äàðàà îðíо. Æ:
•All my pencils are in that box. Ìèíèй á¿õ õàðàíäàà òýð õàéðöàãò
áèé.
•Both his brothers live there. Ò¿¿íèé õî¸ð àõ õî¸óëàà òýíä àìüäàðäàã.
30. This áà these òºëөөний ¿ãñ íü ÿðèëöàæ áóé õ¿íäýý îéð áàéãàà
ç¿éëèéã, õàðèí that áà those òºëөөний ¿ãñ íü õîëûí þìñûã çààäàã. Æ:
This book is mine. That book is yours.
Öàã õóãàöàà èëýðõèéëýõýä this òºëөөний. ¿ã íü ÿã îäîî áîëæ áóé
ÿâäëûã, ººðººð õýëáýë îäîî öàãèéã çààäàã áîë that íü ºíãºðñºí ¿åä áîëñîí,
ýñâýë èðýýä¿éä áîëîõ ç¿éëèéã çààíà.
Æ: I am busy at this moment. Áè ÿã îäîî çàâã¿é áàéíà.
It is only the beginning of May. You can’t bathe at that time of the year.
ªìíº äóðüäñàí íýð ¿ãýý äàõèí äàâòàæ íóðøèõã¿éí òóëä this áà that
òºëөөний ¿ãèéí äàðàà one òºëөөний ¿ãèéã õýðýãëýõ íü áóé.
Æ: Will you give me another book? I don’t like this one.
31. Á/ Some áà any òºëөөний ¿ãñ õýäýí, æààõàí ãýñýí óòãààð äîîðõи
òîõèîëäëóóäàä õýðýãëýãäýíý. ¯¿íä:
-Òºëөөний òýìäýã íýðèéí õóâèàð ýñ òîîëогдох íýð ¿ãñèéí ºìíº:
Give me some water, please
Have you bought any sugar?
-Òºëөөний íýð ¿ãèéí õóâèàð ýñ òîîëогдох íýð ¿ãñèéí îðîíä:
I want some paper. Please give me some.
This book is mine, and that one is yours. Ýíý íîì ìèíèéõ, õàðèí òýð íü
òàíûõ.
Äýýðõ æèøýýí¿¿äýýñ ¿çýõýä ìîíãîë õýëíèé îíöëîãîîñ øàëòãààëàí
òýð á¿ð ýäãýýð, òýäãýýð ãýæ ÿðüäàãã¿é áàéõ íü. Õýäèéãýýð
Ýäãýýð íü ìèíèé õàðàíäààíóóä, õàðèí òýäãýýð íü òàíûõ ãýæ õýëæ
áîëîõ áîëîâч òèéì ч ýâòýé ñîíñîãäîõã¿é áàéãàà áèç? Òèéìýýñ áîäèò
àìüäðàë äýýð ýíý íîìóóä, òýð õàðàíäààíóóä ãýæ õýëáýë èë¿¿
òîõèðîìæòîé þì.
.
32. This íü àðààñàà øóóä ¿ã àâч, õàðèí that íü øóóä ¿ãèéíõýý äàðàà
õýðýãëýãääýã.
This is what he said: “I don’t think he is right.”
Òýð “Áè ò¿¿íèé çºâ ãýæ áîäîõã¿é áàéíà” õýìýýí ºã¿¿ëýâ.
“I don’t think he is right.” That is what he said.
“Áè ò¿¿íèé çºâ ãýæ áîäîõã¿é áàéíà.” Ò¿¿íèé õýëñýí ç¿éë ãýâýë ýíý.
That –ýýð ºìíº äóðüäàãäñàí ãàíö òîîí äàõü íýð ¿ãýý òºëººë¿¿ëýí
õýëäýã áîë õàðèí those òºëөөний ¿ãýýð òóõайлах ÿëãàìæòàéãààð
äàâòàí ºã¿үëýõ øààðäëàãàòàé îëîí òîîí äàõü íýð ¿ãèéã òºëººë¿¿ëýí
õýëäýã. Æ: At our factory there are a few machines similar to those
described in this magazine (those = the machines).
33. Ýíý ñýòã¿¿ë äýýð áèчèãäñýí øèã ìàøèíóóä ìàíàé ¿éëäâýðò õýä
áàéãàà.
Çààõ òºëөөний ¿ãèéí ¿¿ðãýýð it òºëөөний ¿ãèéã õýðýãëýæ áîëíî.
Æ: “Who is there?” “It is John.”
-Òýíä õýí áàéíà âý? –Æîí áàéíà.
“What is this?” “It is a book.”
-Ýíý þó âý? –Ýíý áîë íîì.
Çààõ òºëөөний ¿ãýíä ò¿¿íчëýí òºëөөний үг, òýìäýã íýðèéí áîëîí
òºëөөний íýð ¿ãèéí õóâèàð õýðýãëýãääýã such (èéì, òèéì, ¸ñòîé)
ãýñýí òºëөөний ¿ã õàìààðàõ áîëîìæòîé. Æ: These are such
interesting books! Ýíý ¸ñòîé ñîíèðõîëòîé íîìóóä.
Such was the agreement between the two parties. Õî¸ð òàëûí
çºâøèëöºë èéì áàéâ.
Such íü ãàíö òîîí äàõü òîîëогдох íýð ¿ãèéã òîäîðõîéëæ áàéâàë
àðààñ íü îðîõ íýð ¿ã ýñ òóõайлах ÿëãàìæòàé õýðýãëýãäýíý. Æ:It is
such an interesting book! Ýíý áîë ¸ñòîé ñîíèðõîëòîé íîì.
35. À. Õàâñðàë ºã¿¿ëáýð¿¿äèéí ºã¿¿ëýãäýõ¿¿í áîëæ áàéãàà õîëáîõ
òºëөөний ¿ãñ ãýýãääýãã¿é. The man who is sitting next to Mr.
Amar is my brother. Àìàð ãóàéí äýðãýä ñóóæ áàéãàà õ¿í áîë ìèíèé
àõ.
Á. Ò¿¿íчëýí whose òºëөөний ¿ã ãýýãääýãã¿é. There is the
student whose father has been awarded the State Prize. Ýöýã íü
òºðèéí øàãíàë õ¿ðòñýí îþóòàí òýð áàéíà.
Çóðàãëàñàí òîäîòãîë ºã¿¿ëáýð¿¿äýä õîëáîõ òºëөөний ¿ã
ãýýãääýãã¿é. Æ: Mr.Bold’s article, which I read yesterday, is a very
interesting. ªчèãäºð ìèíèé óíøñàí Áîëäûí íèéòëýë ìàø ñîíèðõîëòîé.
36. Ýñ òóõàéëàõ òºëººíèé ¿ãñ (Indefinite Pronouns)
Ýñ òóõайлах òºëөөний ¿ãñýä some, any, no (áîëîí òýäãýýðýýñ
¿¿ññýí ¿ãñ), none, much, many, little, few, all, both, either, neither,
each, every (áîëîí òýäãýýðýýñ ¿¿ññýí ¿ãñ): ò¿¿íчëýí other, one
çýðýã ¿ãñ õàìààðäàã.
Some áà any òºëººíèé ¿ãñ
Some òºëөөний ¿ã áàòëàõ ºã¿¿ëáýðò, õàðèí any òºëөөний ¿ã
¿ã¿éñãýõ ºã¿¿ëáýð áîëîí åðºíõèé àñóóëò, áîëçîõ ºã¿¿ëáýð¿¿äýä
õýðýãëýãäýíý. Some, any òºëөөний ¿ãñ íü òºëөөний òýìäýã íýð ¿ã
áîëîí òºë. íýð ¿ãèéí õóâèàð ºã¿¿ëáýðò õýðýãëýãääýã.
À. Some, any òºëөөний ¿ãñ íü õýäýí, ÿìàð íýãýí, ÿìàð ч ãýõ ìýò
óòãààð äîîðõ òîõèîëäëóóäàä õýðýãëýãäýõ áºãººä òýð á¿ð
îðчóóëàãääàãã¿é. ¯¿íä:
-Òºëөөний òýìäýã íýð ¿ãèéí õóâèàð îëîí òîîí äàõü íýð ¿ãèéí ºìíº:
He asked me some questions. Òýð íàäààñ õýäýí àñóóëò àñóóñàí.
Have you got any interesting books? Òàíä ñîíèðõîëòîé íîìóóä áàéíà
óó?
He asked whether I had any books on this subject.
Òýð íàäààñ ýíý òàëààð ÿìàð íýãýí íîì áèé ýñýõèéã ëàâëàñàí.
37. Çàðèì òîõèîëäîëä ãàíö òîîí äàõü òîîëогдох íýð ¿ãèéí ºìíº some òºëөөний
¿ãèéã ÿìàð íýãýí, íýã ãýñýí óòãààð ýñ òóõайлах ÿëãàìæòàé õýðýãëýõ
íü áóé. Æ: I’ve read it in some book (=in a book) Áè ¿¿íèéã íýã íîìíîîñ
óíøñàí.
Òºëөөний íýð ¿ãèéí õóâèàð îëîí òîîí äàõü íýð ¿ãèéí îðîíä:
The buyers wanted to get some samples of our manufactures, and we
sent them some. Õóäàëäàí àâàãчèä ìàíàé á¿òýýãäýõ¿¿í¿¿äèéí
çàãâàðûã àâàõ õ¿ñýëòýé áàéñàí áºãººä áèä òýäýíä õýäèéã ÿâóóëñàí.
Á. Some áà any òºëөөний ¿ãñ õýäýí, æààõàí ãýñýí óòãààð äîîðõи
òîõèîëäëóóäàä õýðýãëýãäýíý. ¯¿íä:
-Òºëөөний òýìäýã íýðèéí õóâèàð ýñ òîîëогдох íýð ¿ãñèéí ºìíº:
Give me some water, please. Íàäàä æààõàí óñ ºãººч.
Have you bought any sugar? Òà ýëñýí чèõýð õóäàëäàæ àâñàí óó?
-Òºëөөний íýð ¿ãèéí õóâèàð ýñ òîîëогдох íýð ¿ãñèéí îðîíä:
I want some paper. Please give me some. Íàäàä öààñ õýðýãòýé áàéíà.
Õýäèé㠺㺺ч.
There is no ink inkpot. Have you got any? Áýõèéí ñàâàíä ìèíü ÿìàð ÷ áýõ
àëãà. Òàíä áàéõã¿é áèç?
38. Äýýðõ æèøýýí¿¿äýýñ ¿çýõýä some, any òºëөөний ¿ãñ
õýäýí, æààõàí ãýñýí óòãà èëýðõèéëýõ áîëîâч ìîíãîë õýë ð¿¿ òýð á¿ð
¿ãчëýí îðчóóëàãääàãã¿é áàéõ íü. Áýõèéí ñàâàíä ìèíü ÿìàð ч áýõ
àëãà. Òàíä áàéõã¿é áèç? Ãýñýí ºã¿¿ëáýð¿¿äèéã àâч ¿çýõýä õî¸ð
äàõü òîõèîëäîëä any íü æààõàí áýõ ãýñýí áàéäëàà𠺺ðòºº óòãà
øèíãýýñýí õýëáýðýýð îðæ áóé õýðýã þì.
Some òºëөөний ¿ã íü òóõàéëàõ àñóóëò áîëîí ÿмар нэгэн ç¿éëèéã
ñàíàë áîëãîñîí, ýñâýë õ¿ñýëò, ãóéëò èëýðõèéëñýí åðºíõèé
àñóóëòóóäàä õýðýãëýãäýíý.
Why didn’t you buy some cheese? Òà ÿàãààä áÿñëàã àâñàíã¿é âý?
Won’t you have some tea? Òà öàé óóõ óó?
Can I have some cold water? Áè æààõàí õ¿éòýí óñ àâч áîëîõ óó?
Some òºëөөний ¿ã íü îëîí òîîí äàõü òºëөөний òýìäýã íýð ¿ãèéí
õóâèàð, ò¿¿íчëýí òºëөөний íýð ¿ãèéí õóâèàð îëîí òîîí äàõü íýð ¿ãèéí
îðîíä õýðýãëýãäýíý. Æ: Some trees remain green all the year round.
Çàðèì ìîäíóóä á¿òýí æèëèéí òóðø íîãîîíîîðîî
39. Õýðâýý çàðèì ãýñýí óòãà èëýðõèéëýõ some òºëөөний ¿ã íü
òîäîðõîé á¿ëýã õ¿ì¿¿ñ, ýä þìñàä õàìààðч áàéâàë, ººðººð õýëáýë
íýð ¿ãèéí ºìíº òóõайлах the ÿëãàìæ, ýñâýë õàìààòóóëàõ áà çààõ
òºëөөний íýðèéí àëü íýã íü îðæ áàéâàë some –èéí äàðàà of
óãòâàð õýðýãëýãäýíý. Some of the first-year students are taking
the examination tomorrow. Íýãä¿ãýýð êóðñûí çàðèì îþóòíóóä
øàëãàëòàà ìàðãààø ºãíº. Some of my friends speak two foreign
languages. Íàéç íàðûí ìààíü çàðèì íü ãàäààäûí õî¸ð õýëýýð ÿðüäàã.
Some òºëөөний ¿ã íü ýñ òîîëогдох íýð ¿ãèéí ºìíº îðæ, çàðèì õýñýã,
íýã õýñýã ãýñýí óòãûã èëýðõèéëíý. Æ: Some of the wheat was
damaged by sea-water. Áóóäàéí çàðèì õýñýã íü äàëàéí óñàíä
ìóóäæýý. Some of the sugar was packed in bags. Ýëñýí чèõðèéí
íýã õýñýã íü óóòàíä ñàâëàãäñàí áàéñàí.
Some íü òîîíû íýðèéí ºìíº îðæ, îéðîëöîîãîîð, îðчèì ãýñýí óòãûã
èëýðõèéëíý. There were some fifty people there. Òýíä òàâü îðчèì
õ¿í áàéñàí.
40. Any òºëөөний ¿ã íü ãàíö òîîí äàõü òîîëогдох íýð ¿ãñ áîëîí ýñ òîîëогдох
íýð ¿ãñèéí ºìíº áàòëàõ áîëîí àñóóõ ºã¿¿ëáýðò ÿìàð ч, àëü ч, äóðûí,
õ¿сñýí ãýñýí óòãààð õýðýãëýãäýíý. You may some at any time that is
convenient to you. Òà ººðò òîõèðîìæòîé õ¿ññýí öàãòàà èðæ áîëíî.
No áîëîí None òºëººíèé ¿ã
No òºëөөний ¿ã íü ãàíö áà îëîí òîîí äàõü íýð ¿ãñèéí ºìíº òºëөөний òýìäýã
íýð ¿ãèéí ¿¿ðãýýð õýðýãëýãääýã. No òºëөөний ¿ã íü not ... a, not ...
any ë¿ãýý àäèë óòãà èëýðõèéëíý. Àíãëè õýëíèé ÿìàð ч ºã¿¿ëáýðò
åð人 ë öîðûí ãàíö ¿ã¿éñãýë áàéäàã óчðààñ no îðñîí òîõèîëäîëä ¿éë ¿ã
íü áàòëàõ õýëáýðò áàéäàã. Æ: I have no ticket. = I haven’t a ticket.
Íàäàä òàñàëáàð áàéõã¿é. I found no mistakes in your translation. = I did
not find any mistakes in your translation. Áè òàíû îðчóóëãààñ àëäàà
îëñîíã¿é.
41. ªã¿¿ëýãäýõ¿¿íèé ¿¿ðãýýð õýðýãëýãäýæ áóé íýð ¿ãñèéí ºìíº no
òºëөөний ¿ã õýðýãëýãäýíý: No bus has left the station yet.
ªðòººíººñ îäîîõîíäîî íýã ч àâòîáóñ õºä뺺ã¿é. No information has
been received from him. Ò¿¿íýýñ ÿìàð ч ñóðàã àëãà.
No íü òºëөөний íýð ¿ãèéí ¿¿ðãýýð õýðýãëýãääýãã¿é. Õàðèí
ò¿¿íèé îðîíä ãàíö áà îëîí òîîí äàõü òîîëогдох íýð ¿ã áîëîí ýñ
òîîëогдох íýð ¿ãèéã îðëîäîã none òºëөөний ¿ã õýðýãëýãääýã: “Is
there a telephone in the room?” “No, there is none.”
-ªðººíä óòàñ áèé þó? -¯ã¿é ýý, áàéõã¿é.
A. No íü body, one, thing çýðýã ¿ãñòýé íèéëæ, çºâõºí òºëөөний íýð
¿ãèéí ¿¿ðãýýð õýðýãëýãäýõ nobody, no one (õýí ч/õýíèéã ч
...ã¿é) nothing гэсэн үгс үүсгэлэг,
