3. SWAMI VIVEKANANDA
• He is the spiritual leader of INDIA forever.
• He had written many books about
humanism, devotion, etc.
• The following presentation is all about our
research on other spiritual leaders not only
in India .
• We left INDIA & found on other country
leaders.

5. TURKEY

8. INTRODUCTION
• Turkey has a secular constitution, with no official
state religion .
• The strong tradition of secularism in Turkey is
essentially similar to the French model of laïcité.
• The constitution recognizes the freedom of
religion for individuals, whereas the religious
communities are placed under the protection
and jurisdiction of the state and can't become
involved in the political process (e.g. by forming
a religious party) or establish faith-based
schools.

9. RELIGION
• No political party can claim that it represents a
form of religious belief; nevertheless, religious
sensibilities are generally represented through
conservative parties.
• Turkey prohibits by law the wearing of religious
headcover and theo-political symbolic garments
for both genders in government buildings,
schools, and universities;[20] the law was upheld
by the Grand Chamber of the European Court of
Human Rights as "legitimate" in the Leyla Şahin
v. Turkey case on November 10, 2005.

10. RELIGION
• Beginning in the 1980s, the role of religion
in the state has been a divisive issue, as
influential factions challenged the
complete secularization called for by
Kemalism and the observance of Islamic
practices experienced a substantial
revival.

11. RELIGION
• Beginning in the 1980s, the role of religion
in the state has been a divisive issue, as
influential factions challenged the
complete secularization called for by
Kemalism and the observance of Islamic
practices experienced a substantial
revival.

12. RELIGIONS
• Reforms going in the direction of
secularism have been completed under
Atatürk (abolition of the Caliphate, etc..).
• However, Turkey is not strictly a secular
state:
• there is no separation between religion
and State
• there is a tutelage of religion by the state.

13. RELIGION
• However, Turkey is not strictly a secular state:
• there is no separation between religion and
State
• there is a tutelage of religion by the state
• However, each is free of his religious beliefs.
• Religion is mentioned on the identity documents
and there is an administration called "Presidency
of Religious Affairs" or Diyanet[22] which
exploits Islam to legitimize sometimes State and
manages 77,500 mosques.

14. RELIGION
• This state agency, established by Ataturk
(1924), finance only Sunni Muslim
worship. Other religions must ensure a
financially self-sustaining running and they
face administrative obstacles during
operation.
• When harvesting tax, all Turkish citizens
are equal.

15. RELIGION
• When harvesting tax, all Turkish citizens
are equal.
• The tax rate is not based on religion.
• However, through the "Presidency of
Religious Affairs" or Diyanet, Turkish
citizens are not equal in the use of
revenue.

16. RELIGIONS
• The Presidency of Religious Affairs, which
has a budget over U.S. $ 2.5 billion in
2012, finance only Sunni Muslim worship.
• This situation presents a theological
problem, insofar as the religion of Prophet
Muhammad stipulates, through the notion
of haram (Qur'an, Surah 6, verse 152),
that we must "give full measure and full
weight in all justice”.

17. RELIGION
• This situation presents a theological
problem, insofar as the religion of Prophet
Muhammad stipulates, through the notion
of haram (Qur'an, Surah 6, verse 152),
that we must "give full measure and full
weight in all justice”.
• The worship practices by the people in
Turkey are in the following slide:

18. RELIGIONS
Frequency of
worship
Regularly Sometime Never
Performing
ritualprayer
43.9% 41.7% 14.4%
Fasting 82.5% 12.1% 5.4%
Going to Friday
prayer
56.1% 25.0% 18.9%
Going tomosque 24.4% 51.1% 24.5%
Praying 75.2% 22.5% 2.3%
Reading the
Quran
26.3% 31.2% 42.5%

19. According to a 2003 study by Çarkoglu,
Ergüder, and Kalaycıoğlu:
The following table shows the
information :

20. Belief in Believes No Beliefs No Response
God 98.0% 1.7% 0.3%
Sin 97.0% 2.8% 0.2
Heaven &
Hell
96.2% 3.4 0.4
Existence
of spirit
95.5% 3.9 % 0.6 %
Afterlife 93.2 % 6.3 % 0.5 %
Existence
of Devils
92.1 % 7.5 % 0.4 %

21. SPIRITUAL LEADERS
• AGLAR BABA
• YUSUF ÇETIN

22. AGLER BABA
• Aglar Baba (1880–1958) was a grandson of
Irsadi Baba, who was one of the prominent
mystics of his time in North Eastern Anatolia
• Aglar Baba's original name was Irsadi, but he
used Aglar Baba as an appellation. Unlike his
grandfather, he studied at Madrassas and
learned Arabic as well as several other
traditional Islamic Sciences. He finished his
grandfather's "Stories of Prophets" (Kissas-ul
Embiya). However he lost the only manuscript of
the book during the World War

23. • He became the Master of his grandfather's
Sufi Order after the War and held the
position until his death. He received many
visitors from the neighboring cities like
Gumushane and Erzincan
• He taught his pupils the Sufi way of
abstaining from the evil of worldliness. The
themes of his poems shows many
similarities with other Anatolian mystics
like Yunus Emre.

24. • His poems were published by his son
Ahmet Battal under the title of "Mystical
Poems of Aglar Baba" (Ebyat-i Aglar
Baba).
• Aglar Baba had 4 sons, Necati Battal,
Ahmet Battal (Ahmet Baba), Selim Battal
and Halil Baba Battal.

25. Yusuf Çetin
• Mor Filiksinos Yusuf Çetin (born 20 August
1954) is a Turkish Christian religious
leader who has been serving since 1986
as the Patriarchal Vicar of the Syriac Orthodox
Church in Istanbul and Ankara.
• A native of Turkey's Dargeçit district, known to
its Assyrian/Syriac native population as
Kerburan, parts of which are located in
southeastern Anatolia's Mardin Province, Yusuf
Çetin expressed interest in Syriac Church
doctrine at an early age.

26. • In the course of completing his secondary
education, he also learned the Syriac
language and subsequently attended his
home province's Mor Gabriel Monastery,
Syriac Orthodoxy's oldest surviving
monastic institution.
• Having demonstrated exceptional acuity
for learning and spiritual instruction, he
was ordained a priest in 1971, at the
unusually early age of 17, and shortly
thereafter was entrusted with instructing
theology to the next generation of devout
youth.

27. • In the course of completing his secondary
education, he also learned the Syriac
language and subsequently attended his
home province's Mor Gabriel Monastery,
Syriac Orthodoxy's oldest surviving
monastic institution.
• Having demonstrated exceptional acuity
for learning and spiritual instruction, he
was ordained a priest in 1971, at the
unusually early age of 17, and shortly
thereafter was entrusted with instructing
theology to the next generation of devout
youth.

28. • By 1977 he was consecrated with the title
of "spiritual" and received an invitation
from Patriarch Moran Mor Ignatius Zakka
I Iwas to come to Syria, thus enabling his
attendance at Damascus' St. Mor Efrem
School of Theology. Receiving a diploma
in the aftermath of three years' intensive
study, he ultimately received appointment
as dean of the school.

29. • On 28 September 1986, upon the request
of Istanbul's community of Syriac faithful,
Mor Filiksinos Yusuf Çetin was elevated
by the Patriarch to the rank of Metropolitan
bishop and assigned to the Diocese of
İstanbul and Ankara as the Patriarchal
Vicar.
• Twenty years into his service, on 30
November 2006, he held talks with Pope
Benedict XVI as the pontiff initiated his
2006 papal journey to Turkey.

32. SPIRITUAL LEADERS
• Enoch Adeboye
• Philip Hunsu Ajose
• Alexander Abiodun Adebayo
• BadaDavid W. Eka
• Benson Idahosa
• Gilbert Oluwatosin Jesse
• Paul Suru Maforikan
• Guru Maharaj Ji (Nigeria)
• Anthony Obinna
• Chris Ojigbani
• Helen Ukpabio

33. BadaDavid W. Eka
• David William Eka (born 20 May 1945) was the
first stake president of The Church of Jesus
Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) in West
Africa. He was president of the Aba, Nigeria
Stake and is often regarded as one of the
founding pioneer members of the church in
Nigeria.
• Eka has also served as an area seventy and as
a mission president in the LDS Church.

35. • Eka was born in Etinan, Nigeria. During the
Biafran War, he committed to God that if he
survived the war he would devote his life to
serving others.
• He was first introduced to the LDS Church by his
uncle in the early 1970s.
• He did not join the church then or when he went
to England just after marrying Ekaete David in
1974. He often met LDS missionaries in England
but did not then join the church.
• Eka got his bachelor's degree in electronics
engineering from Teesside Polytechnic

36. • After returning to Nigeria, Eka joined the
LDS Church in September 1979, less than
a year after the first LDS baptisms in
Nigeria.
• Shortly after his baptism, he helped
translate the Book of Mormon into Efik.
• Eka worked for AGIP Oil Company which
he retired from as head of production
support.

37. • Eka served as a branch president, conselor to a
mission president, district president, and in 1988
became president of the newly organized Aba
Nigeria Stake.
• In 1990, Eka became a Regional Representative
of the Twelve Apostles. From 1997 to 2001 he
served as an Area Authority Seventy.
• From 2001 to 2004 he served as president of
the Nigeria Lagos Mission of the church. After
the dedication of the Aba Nigeria Temple, Eka
became a sealer in that temple. In April 2007,
Eka was again called as an area seventy in the
church.
• Eka and his wife Ekaete are the parents of
seven children.

40. SPIRITUAL LEADER
• Spiritual Leader of the Nation (Spanish: Líder
Espiritual de la Nación, also referred to as
Spiritual Chief of the Nation, Jefa Espiritual de la
Nación, and Spiritual Chief of the State, Jefa
Espiritual del Estado) was a position created by
the Argentine Congress in the early 1950s and
only ever held by Eva Perón, wife of Juan
Domingo Perón. Eva Perón was elected Spiritual
Leader/Chief of the Nation on May 7, 1952 and
died on July 26 of that year. T
• he title of Spiritual Chief or Leader of the Nation
would never again be bestowed on any
Argentine, preserved in history as a special
position for Eva.

41. • The First Lady, Eva Perón was the wife,
top adviser, and political partner of
President of the Argentine Nation Juan
Perón.
• Her power was such that she was referred
to as "La Presidenta", Spanish for "The
(female) President" and in the Casa
Rosada museum where almost every
president's statue stands alone, a statue
of Evita stands with her husband, the
same as any President. It is widely
speculated by historians[according to
whom?] that she would have (officially)
become the first female President in
Argentina had it not been for her early

42. • Evita held many de facto posts in
government. Evita never held a cabinet
position, though she was the de facto
head of many ministries. Most notably,
she was the de facto Secretary of Labour
and Minister for Education. She was also
the de facto head of the General
Confederation of Labour..

43. • She was officially the president of the large and
powerful state-controlled institute of social
welfare which she founded and ran, the Eva
Perón Foundation, as well as the official
president of the Female Peronist Party.
• The Justicialist Party also recognized Eva as its
national head, a position she shared equally with
Juan.
• Over the years she had been given many
unofficial titles in addition to "La Presidenta",
such as the Lady of Hope, First Samaritan, Lady
of the Descamisados, the Rainbow of Argentina,
and Santa (Saint) Evita.
• As the wife of the President, Eva, of course, held
the title of First Lady

44. • In 1951 the Peronist Party nominated
Evita to run for the office of Vice President
and Senate President of the Argentine
Nation, however many issues such as
military opposition, Perón's personal fear
of political opposition to his wife, and,
above all, Eva's illness, contributed to Eva
withdrawing her candidacy.

45. • Should it not have been for her uterine
cancer, it seems likely she would have
fought the opposing forces whose political
powers were considerably weaker than
hers, but by the 17 October Eva's
condition would so deteriorate, that she
would not be able to stand without
assistance from Perón. She would never
hold national elective political office.

46. • Denied the Vice Presidency and swiftly heading
towards the end of her life the nation went into a
frenzy as Congress hurried to force every honor
they could onto the First Lady.
• Vigils were constantly held, 508 hospitals were
ordered by the Minister of Health to hold prayers
for her recovery, her autobiography La Razon de
mi Vida was ordered to be used as a textbook in
all schools, and members of Congress
constantly held tributes for their ailing leader. On
May 7, 1952 Eva was elected Spiritual
Leader/Chief of the Nation by the Peronista
majority.

47. • On June 4 Juan Perón was re-inaugurated for a
second term as President. On this day, had it not
been for the illness that had reduced her to a
mere 81 pounds (37 kg) and forced her to wear
a plaster and wire frame to be able to stand, Eva
would likely have been inaugurated as Latin
America's first woman Vice President. Instead,
she attended in her role as Argentina's Spiritual
Chief and took the ceremonial place of the Vice
President, occupying his official seat next to the
President and taking on his ceremonial duties.

48. • The Peróns' Vice President, Dr. Juan
Hortensio Quijano, was in worse health
than Evita by the time she begged him to
join the ticket (following her withdrawal)
and he accepted only reluctantly. He died
in early April 1952 and was not replaced
by anyone by inauguration time, thus Evita
took his place. The inauguration was
Maria Eva's last public appearance.

49. • After she returned home, she would not
leave the palace alive again. She died on
July 26 of that year, triggering tremendous
mourning.
• The title of Spiritual Chief or Leader of the
Nation would never again be bestowed on
any Argentine, preserved in history as a
special position for Evita.