EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

1. MINERALS AND ROCKS
LEARNING COMPETENCY:
a. Identify common rock-forming minerals using their
physical and chemical properties.
b. Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and
metamorphic

2. • MINERALS are naturally occurring substances with a definite, geometric
arrangement of atoms and molecules.
• Magma is the main source of minerals in the Earth’s crust.

3. • ROCKS are made up of minerals.
• Rocks are classified as either IGNEOUS, SEDIMENTARY, or METAMORPHIC according
to its characteristics like hardness, texture, color, and density.

4. • IGNEOUS ROCK – are formed when molten magma pushes up into the crust or right
through it.
• The name igneous comes from the word ignis, which means "fire" in Latin.
INTRUSIVE
EXTRUSIVE

5. • SEDIMENTARY ROCKS – are formed from layers of sediment laid down in lakes or
seas.
sediments

6. • METAMORPHIC ROCKS – are formed by the action of heat and pressure on existing
(sedimentary) rocks over long periods of time.
Igneous rock Sedimentary rock
Metamorphic rock

7. ASSESSMENT:
• In your workbook, Science Connects, do answer of the following activities:
• Activity 3.1

8. EXOGENIC PROCESSES
LEARNING COMPETENCY:
a. Explain how the products of weathering are
carried away by erosion and deposited elsewhere

9. • Exogenic processes- from the word itself “exo” means from the outside therefore, it
is where the breakdown of rocks can be seen outside.
WEATHERING - The weakening and breakdown of rocks in small pieces is called weathering.
Changes in temperature and pressure may cause layers of rocks to expand, resulting in cracks
or joints
Physical
Weathering
Chemical
Weathering
Biological
Weathering
Those sediments
from the rocks
being weathered
are carried away
by the wind,
water, or other
natural agents
and deposited
elsewhere.
SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS
Caused by ice
in cracks
Caused by plant
roots in cracks
Caused by acid
rain

10. VALUES INTEGRATION
• Is it important to study rocks? What can we gain good at it in our lives?
• Is it really important specially to Geologist. They study rocks because they contain
clues about what the Earth was like in the past. We can assemble a historical
record of a planet and trace what happened before.
• Like the prehistoric in our country when we were colonized. We can get the clues in
the rocks because there are some fossils imprinted on it. Specially in the caves,
where our ancestors usually carve something on the stone of the cave.

11. ASSESSMENT:
• In your workbook, Science Connects, do answer of the following activities:
• Activity 4.1
• Activity 4.2
• Activity 4.3
• Activity 4.4