E- Leisure and Life Satisfaction

1. ATLAS Annual Conference 2014
E- Leisure and Life Satisfaction:
A Case of Macau Undergraduate Students
Suh-hee Choi (Institute for Tourism Studies, Macau, China)
Ye-ji Yoo (Seoul National University, South Korea)

2. Macau
• Total Land Area:
31.3 km²
• Visitor arrivals:
29,324,800 / yr
• Students enrolled in
Higher Education:
29,521
2

3. 01 Introduction
Development of
the Internet
Increase of
E-leisure
3

4. 79.1
82.3 82.1 82.5 81.9
75.4 75.9
80.5
82.5 82.6
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Households with computer equipment
Households using the Internet
4
01 Introduction
Changes in Household Use of
Information Technology in Macau
* Usage Rate(%)
Source: Government of Macao Special Administrative Region Statistics and Census Service (2013),

5. 5
01 Introduction
Principal Indicators (Macau)
Total('000), Usage Rate(%)
Total No. of Households ('000) 185.2 (100)
Households with Computer Equipment 151.6 (81.9)
Households Using the Internet 152.9 (82.6)
Fixed Broadband 131.9 (86.3)
Mobile Broadband 122.1 (79.9)
Fibre Optical Broadband 8.9 (5.8)
Computer Users ('000) 352.4 (61.7)
Internet Users 375.7 (65.8)
Source: Government of Macao Special Administrative Region Statistics and Census Service (2013)

6. 6
01 Introduction
Internet Users by Age Group (Macau)
Total('000), Usage Rate(%)
Total ('000) 375.7 (65.8)
<15 37.5 (74.1)
15-24 76.4 (96.0)
25-34 105.4 (88.1)
35-44 68.7 (72.4)
45-54 56.2 (54.1)
≥55 31.5 (25.7)
Source: Government of Macao Special Administrative Region Statistics and Census Service (2013)

7. 35.8
93.7
267.9
288.0 294.0
76.2 82.2
276.2
301.8 302.2
Education,
Learning or
Training
Browsing
Government
Websites
Web
Entertainment
Communication Information
Search
2012 2013
7
01 Introduction
Purpose of Using the Internet (Macau)
('000) persons
Source: Government of Macao Special Administrative Region Statistics and Census Service (2013)

8. 8
02 Literature Review
E-Leisure
TIME
Boundary between
leisure and work
EXPERIENCE
is blurred
ACTION
Passive vs. Active
E-leisure
Synchronicity

9. 9
02 Literature Review
Motivations for Choosing E-Leisure
Intellectual Social Relaxation

10. 10
02 Literature Review
Life Satisfaction as an Outcome of E-Leisure Involvement
Psychological Physical
Social
Life
Satisfaction
Benefits of Leisure
Environmental Economic

11. 11
02 Literature Review
The Effect of E-Leisure Involvement on Life Satisfaction
Negative
Effects
Positive
Effects
• Passive activities
• Increase of
emotional loneliness
• Decrease of social
well-being
︙
• Enhancement of self-efficacy
• Relief of stress
• Online games :
Increase of social interaction,
Enhancement of problem solving skills,
Cooperation
• Decrease of boredom
• Enhancement of creativity
︙

12. 12
03 Methodology
When?
Who?
How?
March 2014
221 Macau Undergraduate Students
Self-administered Online Survey
Leisure motivation
E-Leisure Involvement
Life Satisfaction
• Intellectual
• Social
• Stimulus-avoidance
• Web surfing
• Playing computer/smartphone games
• Sharing posts and pictures on SNS
• Online communication with friends
• My life is going well.
• My life is better than most students.
• The conditions of my life are excellent.
• I am satisfied with my life.
• In most ways, my life is close to my ideal.
Beard and Ragheb (1983)
Yang et al. (2011)
Huebner (1991)
Diener (2014)

13. 13
First-Order-Factor Structural Model of E-Leisure
Leisure
Motivation
- Intellectual
Leisure
Motivation
- Social
Leisure
Motivation
-Stimulus-
Avoidance
E-Leisure
Involvement
Life
Satisfaction
04 Results

14. 14
Second-Order-Factor Structural Model of E-Leisure
Leisure
Motivation
- Intellectual
Leisure
Motivation
- Social
Leisure
Motivation
-Stimulus-
Avoidance
E-Leisure
Involvement
Life
Satisfaction
04 Results
Leisure
Motivation

15. 15
05 Conclusion
E-Leisure
Involvement
Future studies need to further examine :
Life
Satisfaction
Leisure
Motivation
• the prevalence of e-leisure as the outcome of increasing
time pressure and a fast changing society
• the types of online activities as parts of leisure

16. THANK YOU