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Outcome of lichtensteine hernioplasty
1. NO CONFLICT OF INTEREST
DR. VENKATESH KAMEPALLI (PG)
BHARATI DEEMED UNIVERSITY MEDICAL
COLLEGE & HOSPITAL, SANGLI
DR.CHINMAY GANDHI ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
OUTCOME OF LICHTENSTEIN
HERNIOPLASTY
2. INTRODUCTION
Inguinal hernia is the commonest surgical disease.
Altered ratio of collagen 1 and 3 causes weakness
of fascia.
Weakness in fascia transversalis causes hernia at
inguinal region, so we strengthen fascia
transversalis with mesh in Lichtenstein
hernioplasty.
3. STUDY DESIGN
This is the retrospective observational study of 150 inguinal
hernia operated by Lichtenstein tension free hernioplasty at
our institute from 2012 to 2014.
Surgeries were done by residents and faculties.
All patients were above 18 years having unilateral non
strangulated inguinal hernia .
Patients were followed for 2 years postoperatively for
recurrence and chronic groin pain.
.
7. ilihypogastric iliinguinal nerves were seen. Pre
hernia cord lipoma excised to prevent hernia
recurrence.
Indirect sac
dissection from
cord structures up
to retro
peritoneum,
reduction of its
content, inversion
of small indirect
sac ,ligation of the
neck of the large
indirect sac, cutting
across the body and
keeping rest of sac
open.
8. Strengthening of
posterior wall of
inguinal canal
with 6 X 4 inch
polypropylene
mesh was done in
all cases. 2cm
Overlap on medial
side of pubic
tubercle was given
. Lower edge of
mesh was sutured
with
polypropylene 2-0
suture to shelving
part of inguinal
ligament from
pubic tubercle to
internal ring level.
9. Lateral edge of
mesh was cut
approximately
1/3 from lower
edge to make
two tails of mesh
this is done to
accommodate
cord structures
at internal ring.
Anuloplasty
done to make
new internal
ring from mesh.
5 cm overlap of
mesh lateral to
internal ring was
given.
10. Mesh should form a loose dome over the posterior
inguinal wall. Incised external oblique aponeurosis
was sutured with 2-0 polypropylene suture with
creation of new lax external ring.
Medial fixation of
mesh on to anterior
rectus sheath.
Superiorly 3 cm
overlap was given
above Hasselbachs
triangle.
Fixation is also
done at medial and
superior to internal
ring through
internal oblique
muscle.
11. Study follow up
Follow up was done in out patient department and
by telephonic conversation.
All patients received prophylactic cefotaxim 1 gm.
2 hrs prior to surgery
12. Out of 150 operated patients
141 were male and 9 female.
141
9
Male
Female
13. Nyhus distribution of type of hernia
Nyhus type 1: Indirect hernia with normal internal ring (54
PATIENTS)
Nyhus type 2: Indirect hernia with dilated internal ring,
posterior wall intact(15 PATIENTS)
Nyhus type 3 A: posterior wall defect direct inguinal hernia
(66 PATIENTS)
Nyhus type 3 B: Indirect inguinal hernia ring dilated with
posterior wall defect (11 PATIENTS)
Nyhus type 3 C: Femoral hernia ( NO PATIENTS)
. Nyhus type 4: Recurrent hernia(4 PATIENTS)
14. Results for recurrence of hernia
149 patients had no recurrence on 2 years follow-up.
One patient had recurrence of hernia within 1 year of
surgery.
We had used polypropylene mesh, with wide overlap
expecting 20 to 40% mesh contracture in future. This had
given only 0.66% recurrence in our study.
15. Results at 3 month for
chronic groin pain .
Results of chronic groin
pain at 2 years
Out of 150 patients 16 had
mild pain on 3 month
follow-up.
10.6% patients had mild
pain at 3 month follow-
up.(four point verbal rating
scale used for measuring
groin pain)
There was not a single case
of severe or moderate groin
pain requiring emergency or
late surgical intervention.
Out of 150 patients 3 had
mild pain at 2 years.
2 % mild pain after 2 year
follow up.
One patient complained of
heaviness and hyperesthesia
in inguinal region.
(Neuropathic mild pain )
Two had intermittent mild
groin pain(somatic pain)
relived with mild anti-
inflammatory analgesics.
POST OPERATIVE CHRONIC GROIN PAIN
17. TECHNIQUES WE FOLLOWED TO PREVENT CHRONIC GROIN
PAIN
Nerves ilioinguinal, ileohypogastric and genital branch of
genitofemoral nerve were identified with meticulous dissection,
preserving investing layer of fascia over it.
Not lifting ilioinguinal nerve from bed.
Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve is located in the cord along
with external spermatic vein, covered and protected from direct contact
with mesh by the deep cremastric fascia. It should be kept with the
cord, while the cord is separated from inguinal floor using blunt peanut
dissection, grasping the cord with thumb and index finger should be
avoided.
Creating lax external inguinal opening to prevent compression of
ilioinguinal nerve.
18. TECHNIQUES WE FOLLOWED TO PREVENT CHRONIC
GROIN PAIN
Iliohypogastric is easily visible after superior anatomical
dissection between external and internal oblique muscle. It
has to be safeguarded by splitting mesh and preserving
fascia over it.
Should wait more than 6 months before surgically treating
chronic groin pain disturbing daily activity.
Severe pain should be treated immediate postoperative.
19. Take home message
. Meticulous technique can reduce chronic groin pain
up to 0.5% after Lichtenstein hernioplasty
.Use of Light weight mesh( between 35 to 70gm/m2)
recommended in Lichtenstein hernioplasty.
.Lichtenstein hernioplasty can bring recurrence below
1%.
Lichtenstein hernioplasty has short learning curve for
residents, results can be reproduced.
Lichtenstein hernioplasty gives satisfactory long term
results to community
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