Submit Search
Upload
Inventory accounting & costing methods.pptx
•
Download as PPTX, PDF
•
0 likes
•
15 views
C
Chandrasen Sharma
Follow
Costing and accounting the Inventory
Read less
Read more
Business
Report
Share
Report
Share
1 of 69
Download now
Recommended
5 inventories (1).pptx
5 inventories (1).pptx
ANUBHASRIVASTAVABUSI
Â
Ch07_WRD25e_Instructor (1).ppt
Ch07_WRD25e_Instructor (1).ppt
DanielWambrauw
Â
Ch06 wrd12e instructor_final
Ch06 wrd12e instructor_final
fsuttonnnu
Â
Methods of stock valuation
Methods of stock valuation
Dyann Barras
Â
Ch07 wrd25e instructor
Ch07 wrd25e instructor
cwood
Â
McGraw-HillIrwinCopyright © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companie.docx
McGraw-HillIrwinCopyright © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companie.docx
andreecapon
Â
Meeting 6 - Inventory Management (Financial Management)
Meeting 6 - Inventory Management (Financial Management)
Albina Gaisina
Â
Openbravo and frePPLe advanced planning concepts
Openbravo and frePPLe advanced planning concepts
Hicham Lahlou
Â
Recommended
5 inventories (1).pptx
5 inventories (1).pptx
ANUBHASRIVASTAVABUSI
Â
Ch07_WRD25e_Instructor (1).ppt
Ch07_WRD25e_Instructor (1).ppt
DanielWambrauw
Â
Ch06 wrd12e instructor_final
Ch06 wrd12e instructor_final
fsuttonnnu
Â
Methods of stock valuation
Methods of stock valuation
Dyann Barras
Â
Ch07 wrd25e instructor
Ch07 wrd25e instructor
cwood
Â
McGraw-HillIrwinCopyright © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companie.docx
McGraw-HillIrwinCopyright © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companie.docx
andreecapon
Â
Meeting 6 - Inventory Management (Financial Management)
Meeting 6 - Inventory Management (Financial Management)
Albina Gaisina
Â
Openbravo and frePPLe advanced planning concepts
Openbravo and frePPLe advanced planning concepts
Hicham Lahlou
Â
CHAPTER 9Managing Inventory in the Supply ChainSupply Cha.docx
CHAPTER 9Managing Inventory in the Supply ChainSupply Cha.docx
spoonerneddy
Â
Special Topics
Special Topics
Tara Kissel, M.Ed
Â
accounting ppt.pptx
accounting ppt.pptx
RedHeart11
Â
Maintaining stock records - manual and electronic
Maintaining stock records - manual and electronic
genevaflanders
Â
Eoq & Stores ledger.pptx
Eoq & Stores ledger.pptx
Dr T.Sivakami
Â
Cost Accounting.pptx
Cost Accounting.pptx
XcillEnze
Â
Chap009 jpm-f2011(1)
Chap009 jpm-f2011(1)
zholzapfel
Â
Chap009 jpm-f2011(1)
Chap009 jpm-f2011(1)
zholzapfel
Â
23 a inventoriesvaluation
23 a inventoriesvaluation
Irfan Khan
Â
Inventory 3
Inventory 3
Swagato Mitra
Â
Chap007
Chap007
mselaoudiy
Â
Maintaining stock records - manual and electronic
Maintaining stock records - manual and electronic
genevaflanders
Â
Maintaining stock records manual and electronic
Maintaining stock records manual and electronic
genevaflanders
Â
Accounting for Inventory
Accounting for Inventory
We Learn - A Continuous Learning Forum from Welingkar's Distance Learning Program.
Â
Inventory management and budgetary control system.
Inventory management and budgetary control system.
Rajath Kunder
Â
Perpetual inventory system
Perpetual inventory system
Rahul Dey
Â
Inventory Accounting
Inventory Accounting
We Learn - A Continuous Learning Forum from Welingkar's Distance Learning Program.
Â
Inventory production and Recent trends in PPC
Inventory production and Recent trends in PPC
PraveenManickam2
Â
Inventory Valuation
Inventory Valuation
mscuttle
Â
Inventories and the Cost of Goods Sold
Inventories and the Cost of Goods Sold
Muhammad Unaib Aslam
Â
SMED- Single Minute Exchange of DIE .pptx
SMED- Single Minute Exchange of DIE .pptx
Chandrasen Sharma
Â
bprchina1999-09122723372722-phpapp02.ppt
bprchina1999-09122723372722-phpapp02.ppt
Chandrasen Sharma
Â
More Related Content
Similar to Inventory accounting & costing methods.pptx
CHAPTER 9Managing Inventory in the Supply ChainSupply Cha.docx
CHAPTER 9Managing Inventory in the Supply ChainSupply Cha.docx
spoonerneddy
Â
Special Topics
Special Topics
Tara Kissel, M.Ed
Â
accounting ppt.pptx
accounting ppt.pptx
RedHeart11
Â
Maintaining stock records - manual and electronic
Maintaining stock records - manual and electronic
genevaflanders
Â
Eoq & Stores ledger.pptx
Eoq & Stores ledger.pptx
Dr T.Sivakami
Â
Cost Accounting.pptx
Cost Accounting.pptx
XcillEnze
Â
Chap009 jpm-f2011(1)
Chap009 jpm-f2011(1)
zholzapfel
Â
Chap009 jpm-f2011(1)
Chap009 jpm-f2011(1)
zholzapfel
Â
23 a inventoriesvaluation
23 a inventoriesvaluation
Irfan Khan
Â
Inventory 3
Inventory 3
Swagato Mitra
Â
Chap007
Chap007
mselaoudiy
Â
Maintaining stock records - manual and electronic
Maintaining stock records - manual and electronic
genevaflanders
Â
Maintaining stock records manual and electronic
Maintaining stock records manual and electronic
genevaflanders
Â
Accounting for Inventory
Accounting for Inventory
We Learn - A Continuous Learning Forum from Welingkar's Distance Learning Program.
Â
Inventory management and budgetary control system.
Inventory management and budgetary control system.
Rajath Kunder
Â
Perpetual inventory system
Perpetual inventory system
Rahul Dey
Â
Inventory Accounting
Inventory Accounting
We Learn - A Continuous Learning Forum from Welingkar's Distance Learning Program.
Â
Inventory production and Recent trends in PPC
Inventory production and Recent trends in PPC
PraveenManickam2
Â
Inventory Valuation
Inventory Valuation
mscuttle
Â
Inventories and the Cost of Goods Sold
Inventories and the Cost of Goods Sold
Muhammad Unaib Aslam
Â
Similar to Inventory accounting & costing methods.pptx
(20)
CHAPTER 9Managing Inventory in the Supply ChainSupply Cha.docx
CHAPTER 9Managing Inventory in the Supply ChainSupply Cha.docx
Â
Special Topics
Special Topics
Â
accounting ppt.pptx
accounting ppt.pptx
Â
Maintaining stock records - manual and electronic
Maintaining stock records - manual and electronic
Â
Eoq & Stores ledger.pptx
Eoq & Stores ledger.pptx
Â
Cost Accounting.pptx
Cost Accounting.pptx
Â
Chap009 jpm-f2011(1)
Chap009 jpm-f2011(1)
Â
Chap009 jpm-f2011(1)
Chap009 jpm-f2011(1)
Â
23 a inventoriesvaluation
23 a inventoriesvaluation
Â
Inventory 3
Inventory 3
Â
Chap007
Chap007
Â
Maintaining stock records - manual and electronic
Maintaining stock records - manual and electronic
Â
Maintaining stock records manual and electronic
Maintaining stock records manual and electronic
Â
Accounting for Inventory
Accounting for Inventory
Â
Inventory management and budgetary control system.
Inventory management and budgetary control system.
Â
Perpetual inventory system
Perpetual inventory system
Â
Inventory Accounting
Inventory Accounting
Â
Inventory production and Recent trends in PPC
Inventory production and Recent trends in PPC
Â
Inventory Valuation
Inventory Valuation
Â
Inventories and the Cost of Goods Sold
Inventories and the Cost of Goods Sold
Â
More from Chandrasen Sharma
SMED- Single Minute Exchange of DIE .pptx
SMED- Single Minute Exchange of DIE .pptx
Chandrasen Sharma
Â
bprchina1999-09122723372722-phpapp02.ppt
bprchina1999-09122723372722-phpapp02.ppt
Chandrasen Sharma
Â
worldclassmanufacturing-111213232400-phpapp01.pptx
worldclassmanufacturing-111213232400-phpapp01.pptx
Chandrasen Sharma
Â
world class manufacturing practices for mms
world class manufacturing practices for mms
Chandrasen Sharma
Â
agvandasrs-150401235654-conversion-gate01.pptx
agvandasrs-150401235654-conversion-gate01.pptx
Chandrasen Sharma
Â
PRODUCTION MGT-world-class-manufacturing.pptx
PRODUCTION MGT-world-class-manufacturing.pptx
Chandrasen Sharma
Â
World class manufacturing practices in the SCM-2.pptx
World class manufacturing practices in the SCM-2.pptx
Chandrasen Sharma
Â
ISO Intro.-1.pptx
ISO Intro.-1.pptx
Chandrasen Sharma
Â
ISO Intro1.pptx
ISO Intro1.pptx
Chandrasen Sharma
Â
transhistory-131013090124-phpapp02.pptx
transhistory-131013090124-phpapp02.pptx
Chandrasen Sharma
Â
Complete supply chain view.ppt
Complete supply chain view.ppt
Chandrasen Sharma
Â
Multi-Echelon Inventory Optimization.pptx
Multi-Echelon Inventory Optimization.pptx
Chandrasen Sharma
Â
Inventory and EOQ.pptx
Inventory and EOQ.pptx
Chandrasen Sharma
Â
bprchina1999-091227233727-phpapp02.ppt
bprchina1999-091227233727-phpapp02.ppt
Chandrasen Sharma
Â
Benchmarking.ppt
Benchmarking.ppt
Chandrasen Sharma
Â
businessprocessreengineering-5.pptx
businessprocessreengineering-5.pptx
Chandrasen Sharma
Â
tacobell-BPR-1.pptx
tacobell-BPR-1.pptx
Chandrasen Sharma
Â
unitiiimtrlhandlingmodif-181029120211.pptx
unitiiimtrlhandlingmodif-181029120211.pptx
Chandrasen Sharma
Â
principlesofmaterialhandling-131022105441-phpapp01.pptx
principlesofmaterialhandling-131022105441-phpapp01.pptx
Chandrasen Sharma
Â
c71-111129050614-phpapp02.pptx
c71-111129050614-phpapp02.pptx
Chandrasen Sharma
Â
More from Chandrasen Sharma
(20)
SMED- Single Minute Exchange of DIE .pptx
SMED- Single Minute Exchange of DIE .pptx
Â
bprchina1999-09122723372722-phpapp02.ppt
bprchina1999-09122723372722-phpapp02.ppt
Â
worldclassmanufacturing-111213232400-phpapp01.pptx
worldclassmanufacturing-111213232400-phpapp01.pptx
Â
world class manufacturing practices for mms
world class manufacturing practices for mms
Â
agvandasrs-150401235654-conversion-gate01.pptx
agvandasrs-150401235654-conversion-gate01.pptx
Â
PRODUCTION MGT-world-class-manufacturing.pptx
PRODUCTION MGT-world-class-manufacturing.pptx
Â
World class manufacturing practices in the SCM-2.pptx
World class manufacturing practices in the SCM-2.pptx
Â
ISO Intro.-1.pptx
ISO Intro.-1.pptx
Â
ISO Intro1.pptx
ISO Intro1.pptx
Â
transhistory-131013090124-phpapp02.pptx
transhistory-131013090124-phpapp02.pptx
Â
Complete supply chain view.ppt
Complete supply chain view.ppt
Â
Multi-Echelon Inventory Optimization.pptx
Multi-Echelon Inventory Optimization.pptx
Â
Inventory and EOQ.pptx
Inventory and EOQ.pptx
Â
bprchina1999-091227233727-phpapp02.ppt
bprchina1999-091227233727-phpapp02.ppt
Â
Benchmarking.ppt
Benchmarking.ppt
Â
businessprocessreengineering-5.pptx
businessprocessreengineering-5.pptx
Â
tacobell-BPR-1.pptx
tacobell-BPR-1.pptx
Â
unitiiimtrlhandlingmodif-181029120211.pptx
unitiiimtrlhandlingmodif-181029120211.pptx
Â
principlesofmaterialhandling-131022105441-phpapp01.pptx
principlesofmaterialhandling-131022105441-phpapp01.pptx
Â
c71-111129050614-phpapp02.pptx
c71-111129050614-phpapp02.pptx
Â
Recently uploaded
MONA 98765-12871 CALL GIRLS IN LUDHIANA LUDHIANA CALL GIRL
MONA 98765-12871 CALL GIRLS IN LUDHIANA LUDHIANA CALL GIRL
Seo
Â
KestrelPro Flyer Japan IT Week 2024 (English)
KestrelPro Flyer Japan IT Week 2024 (English)
Data Analytics Company - 47Billion Inc.
Â
Enhancing and Restoring Safety & Quality Cultures - Dave Litwiller - May 2024...
Enhancing and Restoring Safety & Quality Cultures - Dave Litwiller - May 2024...
Dave Litwiller
Â
GD Birla and his contribution in management
GD Birla and his contribution in management
chhavia330
Â
Best Practices for Implementing an External Recruiting Partnership
Best Practices for Implementing an External Recruiting Partnership
Recruitment Process Outsourcing Association
Â
Mysore Call Girls 8617370543 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best Services
Mysore Call Girls 8617370543 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best Services
Dipal Arora
Â
Monte Carlo simulation : Simulation using MCSM
Monte Carlo simulation : Simulation using MCSM
Ravindra Nath Shukla
Â
Grateful 7 speech thanking everyone that has helped.pdf
Grateful 7 speech thanking everyone that has helped.pdf
Paul Menig
Â
The CMO Survey - Highlights and Insights Report - Spring 2024
The CMO Survey - Highlights and Insights Report - Spring 2024
christinemoorman
Â
Ensure the security of your HCL environment by applying the Zero Trust princi...
Ensure the security of your HCL environment by applying the Zero Trust princi...
Roland Driesen
Â
0183760ssssssssssssssssssssssssssss00101011 (27).pdf
0183760ssssssssssssssssssssssssssss00101011 (27).pdf
Renandantas16
Â
Mondelez State of Snacking and Future Trends 2023
Mondelez State of Snacking and Future Trends 2023
Neil Kimberley
Â
DEPED Work From Home WORKWEEK-PLAN.docx
DEPED Work From Home WORKWEEK-PLAN.docx
RodelinaLaud
Â
VIP Call Girls In Saharaganj ( Lucknow ) 🔝 8923113531 🔝 Cash Payment (COD) 👒
VIP Call Girls In Saharaganj ( Lucknow ) 🔝 8923113531 🔝 Cash Payment (COD) 👒
anilsa9823
Â
Monthly Social Media Update April 2024 pptx.pptx
Monthly Social Media Update April 2024 pptx.pptx
Andy Lambert
Â
Vip Dewas Call Girls #9907093804 Contact Number Escorts Service Dewas
Vip Dewas Call Girls #9907093804 Contact Number Escorts Service Dewas
makika9823
Â
RE Capital's Visionary Leadership under Newman Leech
RE Capital's Visionary Leadership under Newman Leech
Newman George Leech
Â
Call Girls In Panjim North Goa 9971646499 Genuine Service
Call Girls In Panjim North Goa 9971646499 Genuine Service
ritikaroy0888
Â
Sales & Marketing Alignment: How to Synergize for Success
Sales & Marketing Alignment: How to Synergize for Success
Aggregage
Â
A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A SALESMAN / WOMAN
A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A SALESMAN / WOMAN
IlamathiKannappan
Â
Recently uploaded
(20)
MONA 98765-12871 CALL GIRLS IN LUDHIANA LUDHIANA CALL GIRL
MONA 98765-12871 CALL GIRLS IN LUDHIANA LUDHIANA CALL GIRL
Â
KestrelPro Flyer Japan IT Week 2024 (English)
KestrelPro Flyer Japan IT Week 2024 (English)
Â
Enhancing and Restoring Safety & Quality Cultures - Dave Litwiller - May 2024...
Enhancing and Restoring Safety & Quality Cultures - Dave Litwiller - May 2024...
Â
GD Birla and his contribution in management
GD Birla and his contribution in management
Â
Best Practices for Implementing an External Recruiting Partnership
Best Practices for Implementing an External Recruiting Partnership
Â
Mysore Call Girls 8617370543 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best Services
Mysore Call Girls 8617370543 WhatsApp Number 24x7 Best Services
Â
Monte Carlo simulation : Simulation using MCSM
Monte Carlo simulation : Simulation using MCSM
Â
Grateful 7 speech thanking everyone that has helped.pdf
Grateful 7 speech thanking everyone that has helped.pdf
Â
The CMO Survey - Highlights and Insights Report - Spring 2024
The CMO Survey - Highlights and Insights Report - Spring 2024
Â
Ensure the security of your HCL environment by applying the Zero Trust princi...
Ensure the security of your HCL environment by applying the Zero Trust princi...
Â
0183760ssssssssssssssssssssssssssss00101011 (27).pdf
0183760ssssssssssssssssssssssssssss00101011 (27).pdf
Â
Mondelez State of Snacking and Future Trends 2023
Mondelez State of Snacking and Future Trends 2023
Â
DEPED Work From Home WORKWEEK-PLAN.docx
DEPED Work From Home WORKWEEK-PLAN.docx
Â
VIP Call Girls In Saharaganj ( Lucknow ) 🔝 8923113531 🔝 Cash Payment (COD) 👒
VIP Call Girls In Saharaganj ( Lucknow ) 🔝 8923113531 🔝 Cash Payment (COD) 👒
Â
Monthly Social Media Update April 2024 pptx.pptx
Monthly Social Media Update April 2024 pptx.pptx
Â
Vip Dewas Call Girls #9907093804 Contact Number Escorts Service Dewas
Vip Dewas Call Girls #9907093804 Contact Number Escorts Service Dewas
Â
RE Capital's Visionary Leadership under Newman Leech
RE Capital's Visionary Leadership under Newman Leech
Â
Call Girls In Panjim North Goa 9971646499 Genuine Service
Call Girls In Panjim North Goa 9971646499 Genuine Service
Â
Sales & Marketing Alignment: How to Synergize for Success
Sales & Marketing Alignment: How to Synergize for Success
Â
A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A SALESMAN / WOMAN
A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A SALESMAN / WOMAN
Â
Inventory accounting & costing methods.pptx
1.
Accounting Inventories human/iStock/360/Getty Images
2.
Learning Objectives • LO1:
Describe the importance of control over inventory. • LO2: Describe three inventory cost flow assumptions and how they impact the income statement and balance sheet. • LO3: Determine the cost of inventory under the perpetual inventory system, using the FIFO, LIFO, and weighted average cost methods. • LO4: Determine the cost of inventory under the periodic inventory system, using the FIFO, LIFO, and weighted average cost methods. • LO5: Compare and contrast the use of the three inventory costing methods. • LO6: Describe and illustrate the reporting of merchandise inventory in the financial statements. • LO7: Describe and illustrate the inventory turnover and the number of days’ sales in inventory in analyzing the efficiency and effectiveness of inventory management. ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
3.
Control of Inventory •
Two primary objectives of control over inventory are: o Safeguarding the inventory from damage or theft. o Reporting inventory in the financial statements. ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
4.
Safeguarding Inventory (slide 1
of 2) • The purchase order authorizes the purchase of the inventory from an approved vendor. • The receiving report establishes an initial record of the receipt of the inventory. • The price, quantity, and description of the item on the purchase order and receiving report are compared to the vendor’s invoice before the inventory is recorded in the accounting records. ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
5.
Safeguarding Inventory (slide 2
of 2) • Recording inventory using a perpetual inventory system is also an effective means of control. The amount of inventory is always available in the subsidiary inventory ledger. • Controls for safeguarding inventory should include security measures to prevent damage and customer or employee theft. Some examples of security measures include: o Storing inventory in areas that are restricted to only authorized employees o Locking high-priced inventory in cabinets o Using two-way mirrors, cameras, security tags, and guards ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
6.
Reporting Inventory • A
physical inventory or count of inventory should be taken near year-end to make sure that the quantity of inventory reported in the financial statements is accurate. ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
7.
Cost Flow Assumptions ©2016
Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
8.
Inventory Cost Flow
Assumptions (slide 1 of 4) • Assume that three identical units of merchandise are purchased during May, as follows: ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
9.
Inventory Cost Flow
Assumptions (slide 2 of 4) • Assume that one unit is sold on May 30 for $20. Depending upon which unit was sold, the gross profit varies from $11 to $6 and the ending inventory value varies from $27 to $22, as shown below: ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
10.
Inventory Cost Flow
Assumptions (slide 3 of 4) • Under the specific identification inventory cost flow method, the unit sold is identified with a specific purchase. ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
11.
Inventory Cost Flow
Assumptions (slide 4 of 4) • Under the first-in, first-out (FIFO) inventory cost flow method, the first units purchased are assumed to be sold and the ending inventory is made up of the most recent purchases. • Under the last-in, first out (LIFO) inventory cost flow method, the last units purchased are assumed to be sold and the ending inventory is made up of the first purchases. • Under the weighted average inventory cost flow method, the cost of the units sold and in ending inventory is a weighted average of the purchase costs. ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
12.
Inventory Costing Methods ©2016
Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
13.
Use of Inventory
Costing Methods ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
14.
Example Exercise ©2016 Cengage
Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. The following three identical units of Item QBM are purchased during February: Assume that one unit is sold on February 27 for $70. Determine the gross profit for February and ending inventory on February 28 using the (a) first-in, first-out (FIFO), (b) last-in, first-out (LIFO), and (c) weighted average cost methods. Cost Flow Methods (slide 1 of 2)
15.
Example Exercise ©2016 Cengage
Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Cost Flow Methods (slide 2 of 2)
16.
Inventory Costing Methods
Under a Perpetual Inventory System • For purposes of illustration, the data for Item 127B are used, as shown below. We will examine the perpetual inventory system first. ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
17.
First-In, First-Out Method •
When the FIFO method is used in a perpetual inventory system, costs are included in the cost of merchandise sold in the order in which they were purchased. • This is often the same as the physical flow of the merchandise. • For example, grocery stores shelve milk and other perishable products by expiration dates. Products with early expiration dates are stocked in front. In this way, the oldest products (earliest purchases) are sold first. ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
18.
Entries and Perpetual
Inventory Account (FIFO) ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
19.
Example Exercise ©2016 Cengage
Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Beginning inventory, purchases, and sales for Item ER27 are as follows: Assuming a perpetual inventory system and using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method, determine (a) the cost of merchandise sold on November 21 and (b) the inventory on November 30. Perpetual Inventory Using FIFO
20.
Last-In, First-Out Method •
When the LIFO method is used in a perpetual inventory system, the cost of the units sold is the cost of the most recent purchases. • The LIFO method was originally used in those rare cases where the units sold were taken from the most recently purchased units. However, for tax purposes, LIFO is now widely used even when it does not represent the physical flow of units. ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
21.
Entries and Perpetual
Inventory Account (LIFO) ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
22.
Example Exercise ©2016 Cengage
Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Beginning inventory, purchases, and sales for Item ER27 are as follows: Assuming a perpetual inventory system and using the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method, determine (a) the cost of merchandise sold on November 21 and (b) the inventory on November 30. Perpetual Inventory Using LIFO
23.
Weighted Average Cost
Method • When the weighted average cost method is used in a perpetual inventory system, a weighted average unit cost for each item is computed each time a purchase is made. • This unit cost is used to determine the cost of each sale until another purchase is made and a new average is computed. This technique is called a moving average. ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
24.
Entries and Perpetual
Inventory Account (Weighted Average) ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
25.
Example Exercise ©2016 Cengage
Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Beginning inventory, purchases, and sales for Item ER27 are as follows: Assuming a perpetual inventory system and using the weighted average method, determine (a) the weighted average unit cost after the November 11 purchase, (b) the cost of merchandise sold on November 21, and (c) the inventory on November 30. Perpetual Inventory Using Weighted Average (slide 1 of 2)
26.
Example Exercise ©2016 Cengage
Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Perpetual Inventory Using Weighted Average (slide 2 of 2)
27.
Inventory Costing Methods
Under a Periodic Inventory System • When the periodic inventory system is used, only revenue is recorded each time a sale is made. • No entry is made at the time of sale to record the cost of the merchandise sold. • At the end of the accounting period, a physical inventory is taken to determine the cost of the inventory and the cost of the merchandise sold. • Like the perpetual inventory system, a cost flow assumption must be made when identical units are acquired at different unit costs during a period. ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
28.
First-In, First-Out Method (slide
1 of 3) • The beginning inventory and purchases of Item 127B in January are as follows: ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Cost of merchandise available for sale
29.
First-In, First-Out Method (slide
2 of 3) • The physical count on January 31 shows that 800 units are on hand. • The cost of the 800 units in the ending inventory on January 31 is determined as follows: ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
30.
First-In, First-Out Method (slide
3 of 3) • Now, we can calculate the cost of merchandise sold, as follows: • The $18,460 cost of the ending merchandise inventory on January 31 is made up of the most recent costs. • The $26,720 cost of merchandise sold is made up of the beginning inventory and the earliest costs. ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
31.
First-In, First-Out Flow
of Costs ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
32.
Last-In, First-Out Method (slide
1 of 2) • Assume again that the physical count on January 31 shows that 800 units are on hand. • The cost of the 800 units in ending inventory on January 31 is $16,000, which consists of 800 units from the beginning inventory at a cost of $20.00 per unit. ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
33.
Last-In, First-Out Method (slide
2 of 2) • The cost of merchandise sold is computed as follows: • The $16,000 cost of the ending merchandise inventory on January 31 is made up of the earliest costs. • The $29,180 cost of merchandise sold is made up of the most recent costs. ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
34.
Last-In, First-Out Flow
of Costs ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
35.
Weighted Average Cost
Method (slide 1 of 2) • What is the average cost per unit and the ending inventory? ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Average cost per unit Ending inventory
36.
Weighted Average Cost
Method (slide 2 of 2) • The cost of merchandise sold is computed as follows: ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
37.
Example Exercise ©2016 Cengage
Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. The units of an item available for sale during the year were as follows: There are 16 units of the item in the physical inventory at December 31. The periodic inventory system is used. Determine the inventory cost using (a) the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method, (b) the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method, and (c) the weighted average cost method. Periodic Inventory Using FIFO, LIFO, and Weighted Average Cost Methods
38.
Comparing Inventory Costing
Methods • A different cost flow is assumed for the FIFO, LIFO, and weighted average inventory cost flow methods. As a result, the three methods normally yield different amounts for the following: o Cost of merchandise sold o Gross Profit o Net Income o Ending merchandise inventory • Note that if costs (prices) remain the same, all three methods would yield the same results. However, costs (prices) normally do change. ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
39.
Partial Income Statements: (FIFO,
Weighted Average Cost, LIFO) • Using the perpetual inventory system illustration with sales of $39,000 (1,300 units × $30), the differences in cost of merchandise sold, gross profit, and ending merchandise inventory are illustrated below. ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
40.
Effects of Changing
Costs (Prices): FIFO and LIFO Cost Methods ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
41.
Comparing Inventory Costing
Methods: FIFO • The FIFO method reports higher gross profit and net income than the LIFO method during periods of inflation, or when costs (prices) are increasing. • However, in periods of rapidly rising costs, the inventory that is sold must be replaced at increasingly higher costs. In this case, the larger FIFO gross profit and net income are sometimes called inventory profits or illusory profits. ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
42.
Comparing Inventory Costing
Methods: LIFO • During a period of increasing costs, LIFO matches more recent costs against sales on the income statement. • LIFO also offers an income tax savings during periods of increasing costs. This is because LIFO reports the lowest amount of gross profit and, thus, lower taxable net income. • On the balance sheet, however, the ending inventory may be quite different from its current replacement cost. ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
43.
Comparing Inventory Costing
Methods: Weighted Average • The weighted average cost method is a compromise between FIFO and LIFO. • The effect of cost (price) trends is averaged in determining the cost of merchandise sold and the ending inventory. ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
44.
Reporting Merchandise Inventory in
the Financial Statements • Cost is the primary basis for valuing and reporting inventories in the financial statements. However, inventory may be valued at other than cost in the following cases: o The cost of replacing items in inventory is below the recorded cost. o The inventory cannot be sold at normal prices due to imperfections, style changes, spoilage, damage, obsolescence, or other causes. ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
45.
Valuation at Lower
of Cost or Market (slide 1 of 3) • If the market is lower than the purchase cost, the lower-of-cost-or-market (LCM) method is used to value the inventory. • Market, as used in lower of cost or market, is the net realizable value of the merchandise. Net realizable value is determined as follows: o Direct costs of disposal include selling expenses such as special advertising or sales commissions. ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Net Realizable Value = Estimated Selling Price – Direct Costs of Disposal
46.
Valuation at Lower
of Cost or Market (slide 2 of 3) • Assume the following data about an item of damaged merchandise: • In applying LCM, the market value of the merchandise is $650, computed as follows: • Thus, the merchandise would be valued at $650, which is the lower of its cost of $1,000 and its market value of $650. ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
47.
Valuation at Lower
of Cost or Market (slide 3 of 3) • The lower-of-cost-or-market method can be applied in one of three ways. The cost, market price, and any declines could be determined for the following: o Each item in the inventory o Each major class or category of inventory o Total inventory as a whole ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
48.
Determining Inventory at Lower
of Cost or Market (LCM) ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
49.
Example Exercise ©2016 Cengage
Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. On the basis of the following data, determine the value of the inventory at the lower of cost or market. Apply lower of cost or market to each inventory item. Lower-of-Cost-or-Market Method
50.
Merchandise Inventory on
the Balance Sheet (slide 1 of 2) ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. • Merchandise inventory is usually presented in the Current Assets section of the balance sheet. • In addition to this amount, the following are reported: o The method of determining the cost of the inventory (FIFO, LIFO, or weighted average) o The method of valuing the inventory (cost or the lower of cost or market)
51.
Merchandise Inventory on
the Balance Sheet (slide 2 of 2) ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
52.
Effect of Inventory
Errors on the Financial Statements (slide 1 of 3) • Any errors in merchandise inventory will affect the balance sheet and income statement. • Some reasons that inventory errors may occur include the following: o Physical inventory on hand was miscounted. o Costs were incorrectly assigned to inventory. o Inventory in transit was incorrectly included or excluded from inventory. o Consigned inventory was incorrectly included or excluded from inventory. ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
53.
Effect of Inventory
Errors on the Financial Statements (slide 2 of 3) • Inventory errors often arise from merchandise that is in transit at year-end. • Shipping terms determine when the title to merchandise passes. o When goods are purchased or sold FOB shipping point, title passes to the buyer when the goods are shipped. o When the terms are FOB destination, title passes to the buyer when the goods are received. ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
54.
Effect of Inventory
Errors on the Financial Statements (slide 3 of 3) • Inventory errors often arise from consigned inventory. Manufacturers sometimes ship merchandise to retailers who act as the manufacturer’s agent. • The manufacturer, called the consignor, retains title until the goods are sold. Such merchandise is said to be shipped on consignment to the retailer, called the consignee. • Any unsold merchandise at year-end is part of the manufacturer’s (consignor’s) inventory, even though the merchandise is in the hands of the retailer (consignee). ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
55.
Effect of Inventory
Errors on Current Period’s Income Statement ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
56.
Effect of Inventory
Errors on Two Years’ Income Statements ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
57.
Effect of Inventory
Errors on Current Period’s Balance Sheet ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
58.
Example Exercise ©2016 Cengage
Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Zula Repair Shop incorrectly counted its December 31, 2016, inventory as $250,000 instead of the correct amount of $220,000. Indicate the effect of the misstatement on Zula’s December 31, 2016, balance sheet and income statement for the year ended December 31, 2016. Effect of Inventory Errors
59.
Financial Analysis and
Interpretation: Inventory Turnover (slide 1 of 2) • Inventory turnover measures the relationship between cost of merchandise sold and the amount of inventory carried during the period. It is calculated as follows: ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Inventory Turnover = Cost of Merchandise Sold Average Inventory
60.
Financial Analysis and
Interpretation: Inventory Turnover (slide 2 of 2) • To illustrate, inventory turnover for Best Buy is shown below (in millions). ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
61.
Financial Analysis and
Interpretation: Number of Days’ Sales in Inventory (slide 1 of 2) • The number of days’ sales in inventory measures the length of time it takes to acquire, sell, and replace the inventory. It is computed as follows: ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Number of Days’ Sales in Inventory Average Inventory Average Daily Cost of Merchandise Sold =
62.
Financial Analysis and
Interpretation: Number of Days’ Sales in Inventory (slide 2 of 2) • To illustrate, the number of days’ sales in inventory for Best Buy is computed below (in millions). ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
63.
Example Exercise ©2016 Cengage
Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Financial statement data for years ending December 31 for Beadle Company follows: a. Determine the inventory turnover for 2016 and 2015. b. Determine the number of days’ sales in inventory for 2016 and 2015, using 365 days. c. Does the change in the inventory turnover and the number of days’ sales in inventory from 2015 to 2016 indicate a favorable or an unfavorable trend? Inventory Turnover and Number of Days’ Sales in Inventory (slide 1 of 2)
64.
Example Exercise ©2016 Cengage
Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Inventory Turnover and Number of Days’ Sales in Inventory (slide 2 of 2)
65.
Appendix: Estimating Inventory
Cost • A business may need to estimate the amount of inventory for the following reasons: o Perpetual inventory records are not maintained. o A disaster such as a fire or flood has destroyed the inventory records and the inventory. o Monthly or quarterly financial statements are needed, but a physical inventory is taken only once a year. • Two widely used methods of estimating inventory cost are the retail inventory method and gross profit method. ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
66.
Appendix: Retail Method
of Inventory Costing • The retail inventory method of estimating inventory cost requires costs and retail prices to be maintained for the merchandise available for sale. • A ratio of cost to retail price is then used to convert ending inventory at retail to estimate the ending inventory cost. ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
67.
Determining Inventory by
the Retail Method ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
68.
Appendix: Gross Profit
Method of Inventory Costing • The gross profit method uses the estimated gross profit for the period to estimate the inventory at the end of the period. • The gross profit is estimated from the preceding year, adjusted for any current-period changes in the cost and sales prices. ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
69.
Estimating Inventory by
Gross Profit Method ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Download now