2. „ I believe that water will one day be employed as
fuel, that hydrogen and oxygen which constitute it,
used singly or together, will furnish an inexhaustible
source of heat and light, of an intensity of which coal
is not capable.[...]
Water will be the coal of the future.“
- Jules Vernes: The Mysterious Island, page 139, year 1874
3. 1. Water structure
2. Water Electrolysis
3. Water Gas Cells
4. Water Gas – some facts
5. Water Gas and Combustion Engines
1rst Part
5. Basic Water Structure
5
Simplified cartoon
Water molecule
(Micky Mouse)
The
combination
of 2 hydrogen
atoms and 1
oxygen atom fills
the unfilled shells
creating covalent
bonds
In 3-dimensions,
water fits the shape
of a tetrahedron,
with a 105°
angle
between
H atoms
7. Water Gas Cells
George Wiseman with his
ER1200 Brown's Gas
generator, USA
80-cell WIT® Machine from
ROBINSON (“Rob”) B.
Gourley, JR – Florida, USA
Water Gas Generator von
Lothar Grüner, Berlin, Germany
7
8. Water Gas
Has many names:
• Browns Gas - Jull Brown
• Oxyhydrogen - Dr. Williams A. Rhode
• HHO Gas - George Wiseman and many others
• Dioxytetrahydride Gas or SG Gas: H4O2 - Rob Gourley, Florida
• Water based fuel – Stanley Meyer, Ohio
• Magnegas - Prof. Ruggero Santilli, Florida
• Hydrinos - Dr. Randell L. Mills, New Jersey
• Electrically expanded water - Chris Eckman
• Ohmasa Gas - Prof. Ohmasa , Japan
8
10. Ohmasa Gas Vaporizing / Melting Metals
10
Tungsten 3.422 °C
217°C
Titan 1.668 °C
408°C
Teflon 400 °C
925°C
Martin Fleischmann Memorial Project
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OOcWAcecPxE&t=2683s
11. Charge Clusters as a possible energy source?
11
Source: Kenneth R. Shoulders
12. High Density Charge Clusters
12
Kenneth Shoulders found that HDCC can be
formed, controlled and monitored under
certain conditions, including short pulses of
electrical energy. The discoveries included
many manifestations of HDCC, including the
structure, size, collar-like diameter of 20
microns and peculiar quantization, so that
additional power generates HDCC structures
with a diameter of 50 microns.
Source: Hal Fox, High-Density Charge Clusters and Other New-Energy
Devices
17. Combustion Engine running on Water Gas
Compare emissions:
17
Volvo C30 - Water Gas:
O2 - 18.6 vol%
CO2 – 1.3 vol%
Exhaust temperature: 24 °C
Porsche Cayenne - Gasoline:
O2 - 2.7 vol%
CO2 – 10.3 vol%
Exhaust temp.: 142 °C
18. Products from the Cell
HHO Cell
18
Minerals
Activated
Water
Water Gas
19. Magnegas
19
Magnegas energy
efficiency: 1 to 10
Source:
http://www.santilli-
foundation.org/santilli-
scientific-discoveries-
7.php
Source: R. Santilli, "A New Gaseous and Combustible Form of
Water", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 31 (9), 1113
(2006)
20. Isoelectronium
20
A conceptual rendering of the structure of the
isoelectronium denoting two valence electrons
with antiparallel spins under deep penetration
of their wavepackets, as occurring in reality.
Prof. Dr. Ruggero Santilli, Hadronic Chemistry
A schematic view of Santilli-Shillady isochemical model of the
Hydrogen molecules with the two electrons bonded in
singlet coupling into the isoelectronium, that describes an
oo-shaped orbit around the two nuclei.
28. 1. Vibrations
2. Quantum Coherence
3. Water Neuron
4. Effects on Living Cell Health
5. New Science
6. HHO Publications
7. Hydrogen fuel cell cars
8. Energy Consumption and Supply
9. Basic research
10. Water and electricity make liquid fuels
11. New energy sources
2nd Part
29. Frequencies - Vibrations
The continuous arrival of high and low pressure regions sets the eardrum
into vibrational motion. This is depicted in the animations below:
29
31. Coherence
A wave with infinite coherence area is
combined with a spatially shifted copy of
itself. Some sections in the wave interfere
constructively and some will interfere
destructively.
31
34. Coherence and different mater states
• Gases are fully non coherent systems
• Liquids are systems where electron clouds are coherent
• Solids are systems where nuclei, too, are coherent
• Liquid water is peculiar, since the coherent oscillation connects
two electronic configurations that have extreme features:
1) The ground configuration where all electrons are tightly bound
(the ionization potential is 12.60 eV, corresponding to soft X-rays and
to an excitation temperature of 145.000 °C !)
2) The excited configuration has an energy E=12.06 eV, only 0.54 eV
below the ionization threshold. So for each molecule there is an
almost free electron!
34
35. Water Coherent State – Laser like
• The water coherent state is a
superposition of these states
with weights 0.87 and 0.13
respectively. In a water
Coherence Domain (CD) there
are 0.13 almost free electrons
per molecule.
• The size of a water CD is 0.1 μm
• The coherent fraction Fc is
about ½ at room temperature.
• In the excited state the almost
free electron settles at about
0.35 Å out of the electron core.
12.06 eV
12.16 eV
Ionisation threshold
Excited state
Ground state
35
36. Water Size Coherence Domain
• The size of the region (Coherence Domain) where
molecules are phase locked is the wavelength of the
e.m. mode responsible for the coherent oscillation
Lambda = hc/Eexcit
in the case of water:
Lambda = 0.1 µm
36
37. XEROSYDRYLE
I. Wash membrane in Milli-Q water
II. Immerse membrane
III. Gently stir liquid and turn over
membrane
IV. Take out membrane and dry it in
air
V. Repeat steps II – IV 10-20 times
Interative Nafionized Water (INW)
XEROS (DRY) - IDRO (WATER) - YLE (MATTER)
Large Supramolecular Water Clusters Caught on Camera - A Review
Ho M-W, Published January 20th, doi: 10.14294/WATER.2013.12 37
38. Fractal Water Structure
10 -6m 10 -4m 10 -2m
Supramolecular H2O archictectures, Roberto Germano, Water Conference,
October 6-9, 2016, Bulgaria
38
39. Water Neuron
Atomic Force Image:
Minimum measured
height of fibrils is about
1 nm, whereas their
lengths are of hundreds
of nanometers
Supramolecular H2O archictectures, Roberto Germano, Water Conference,
October 6-9, 2016, Bulgaria 39
41. Supramolecular Water Clusters
Different forms of supramolecular water clusters imaged with AFM. All fields
are 5 microns square (rearranged from Lo A et al., 2012).
41
They have all the characteristics of ‘soft matter’:
liquids, liquid crystals, colloids, polymers, gels, and
foams …
… that form mesoscopic structures much larger than the molecules themselves,
but small compared with the bulk material.
42. Electrical potential supramolecular water clusters
Surface contours (left) and electrical potential (right) of a
large water cluster (rearranged from Lo S-Y et al., 2009).
42
43. Spherical Coherent Domains
Spherical coherent domains
forming a 3-dimensional
dipole structure. Note the
6-fold symmetry resulting
from close-packing of
sphere.
43
45. New Science
• It is a matter of fact: Water is a carrier of energy structures
• Formation of stable water structures,
due to the presence of charged particles in the water
• Basic size of clusters 100 nm (0,1µm) in diameter
• Clusters of such structures could be 100 to 1000 nm in diameter
45
46. What determines the level of quantum coherence…
… and consequently the quality of the water gas?
• The electrolyzer design (materials, geometry)
• The power supply design and electrical input vibration (frequency)
• The electrolyzer operating conditions (charging)
• The starting water (purity)
46
47. Technology: Publications - Studies
Studies published in scientific journals have shown a H2-gasoline mix increases fuel
efficiency and reduces toxic exhaust gases in a conventional internal combustion
engine:
• Mohamed M.EL-Kassaby et al: Effect of hydroxy (HHO) gas addition on gasoline engine performance
and emissions
Alexandria Engineering Journal, Volume 55, Issue 1, March 2016, Pages 243-251
The results showed 10% increment in the gasoline engines thermal efficiency, 34% reduction in fuel
consumption, 18% reduction in CO, 14% reduction in HC and 15% reduction in NOx.
• C. Ji, B. Zhang, S. Wang: Enhancing the performance of a spark-ignition methanol engine with
hydrogen addition
Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 38 (2013), pp. 7490-7498
H2 addition avails raising thermal efficiency and Bmep of methanol engines (“Brake mean effective
pressure“, this is the actual output of the internal combustion engine, at the crankshaft)
HC and CO of the methanol engine are reduced after H2 addition
47
48. Further Studies
• C. Ji, B. Zhang, S. Wang, Enhancing the performance of a spark-ignition methanol engine with
hydrogen addition
Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 38 (2013), pp. 7490-7498
H2 addition avails raising thermal efficiency and Bmep of methanol engines.
HC and CO of the methanol engine are reduced after H2 addition
• C. Ji, S. Wang, Experimental study on combustion and emissions performance of a hybrid hydrogen–
gasoline engine at lean burn limits
Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 35 (2010), pp. 1453-1462
The excess air ratio at the lean burn limit was extended from 1.45 of the original engine to 2.55 of the
4.5% HHGE.
The engine brake thermal efficiency, CO, HC and NOx emissions at lean burn limits were also improved
for the HHGE.
48
50. Why are we not driving hydrogen cars?
Why do manufacturers of cars focus on electric motors and not on hydrogen fuel cell engines?
1 kg of H2, used in a fuel cell to power an electric motor is equal to 9,5 to 11 liters of gasoline
1 kg of H2 costs: 9,90 Euros
10 liters of gasoline costs: 13,- Euros
The official Toyota Mirai consumption declaration states hydrogen is consumed at the rate of 0.8 kg/100 km
Most fuel cell electric cars carry about 5 kg to 6 kg of hydrogen max. range: 750 km – paying 60 Euros
Data from 6th November 2019 from Germany:
Most Hydrogen is generated out of petroleum gas
Fuel cell cars are expensive, 70.000 – 80.000 Euros
Only 71 H2 fuel stations. Around a 1000 are needed to make it interesting
Only 386 H2 fuel cars present on German roads
50
51. Contribution Primary Energy Growth World Wide
Contribution to primary energy growth in 2018 (do not sum to 100% due to rounding)
51
Source: BP Statistical review or World Energy (2019)
52. Primary Energy – World Consumption
Primary energy—world consumption (million
tonnes oil equivalent) from years 1994 to
2018
Source: BP Statistical review or World Energy
(2019), 68th edition
52
53. Primary Energy – World Consum
Primary energy—world
consumption (million
tonnes oil equivalent) from
years 1994 to 2018
Source: BP Statistical
review or World Energy
(2019), 68th edition
53
2030 2040
That means, almost twice the
energy demand of today in
2040,
if the world energy demand
grows further this way …
54. Yearly Global Energy Consumption Growth
„At a time when society is increasing its
demands for an accelerated transition
to a low carbon energy system, the
energy data for 2018 paint a worrying
picture, with both energy demand and
carbon emissions growing at the fastest
rates seen for years.“
Spencer Dale, BP's group chief
economist
Source: BP Statistical review or World
Energy (2019)
54
55. Energy Supply
Energy supply in the context of growing global demand is an important issue and will remain so for a
long time to come
It cannot be solved by technology alone, but requires the inclusion of many other aspects
These are:
• Economical: energy must be affordable
• Political: e.g. dependence on other countries
• Ethically motivated: e.g. growing energy demand for global prosperity
• Scientifical: disrupting views forcing the discovery and use of new energy sources
A key to the further positive development of the energy situation undoubtedly lies in the increase of
energy efficiency in all areas.
It is still unclear whether changes in user behavior, in terms of energy consumption, will also play a
greater role in private households and private transport activities.
55
56. Basic research for new ways of generating energy
Nature as a model: collecting and harnessing light
• A matter of fact: The amount of energy that radiates
from the sun to the earth during an hour corresponds
approximately to the amount of energy that is
consumed by the entire human race in the course of a
year.
• The subject of current research is the question of
whether the processes of collecting and harnessing
light, as it occurs in plants and bacteria, can serve as a
blueprint for new forms of energy generation.
• When it comes to the efficient and cost-effective
generation of solar power, there are promising
alternatives to classic silicon cells today: Organic solar
cells made of plastic and hybrid solar cells that can be
produced in large format using so-called "roll to roll"
(R2R) printing processes.
56
R2R: paper roll continuously printed with solar cells.
Technische Univ. Chemnitz
57. Liquid fuels from CO2 and regenerative electricity
A new process for the production of liquid fuels uses exhaust gases from industrial plants and at the same
time serves to store excess energy generated in wind or photovoltaic plants:
57
Source: Yolanda A. Daza, John N. Kuhn, CO2 conversion by reverse water gas shift catalysis: comparison of catalysts, mechanisms and
their consequences for CO2 conversion to liquid fuels , RSC Advance,2016,6, 49675-49691
58. Liquid fuels from CO2 and regenerative electricity
Comparing energy storing:
Compared to special HHO Water Liquid.
Example: energy consumption normal family houshold in 1 year is about 10 MWh
58
Fuel base Volumen storing 10 MWh electrical energy
Hydro Gas Catalyt (H5O3+) 0,033 m3 (33 liter)
Diesel 1 m3
Petroleum gas (200 bar) 4 m3
Hydrogen gas (700 bar) 6 m3
Li-Ion battery 30 m3
Air (20 bar) 3.400 m3
Water (pump reservoir) 14.000 m3
59. LENR – Low Energy Nuclear Reaction
LENR shows following characteristica:
The energy released by LENR involves no significant radioactivity or harmful radiation
The generators can be small and inexpensive
Nuclear meltdown is not possible
Fuel is contained in ordinary water, the energy would be available to all countries and could be
generated in each home or business
CO2 is not produced at any stage in its use
Such energy could not be interrupted by weather, terrorists or political conflict
No threat to global warming
Uses only water and some metals in small quantities
59
60. Consequences of LENR and Water Gas
Economical Consequences:
the present industries supplying carbon-based or uranium-based fuel would go out of business
the grid system would not be necessary and would cease to exist
clean energy sources, such as solar and wind that are attached to the grid, would find selling their energy to
be very difficult
the world can invest in discovering how LENR and Water Gas works while
finding ways to introduce the discovered energy source without causing
too much economic damage
To deliver the growing worlds energy demand, that can not be supplied
by carbon or atomic technology anymore (e.g. see climate debate).
60
Source: Edmund Storms, The Present Status of Cold Fusion and its Expected Influence on Science and Technology, Innovation
Energy Policies, Vol (41), 2015
61. "You must be the change you wish to
see in the world.“
- Mahatma Gandhi
Thank you!
![„ I believe that water will one day be employed as
fuel, that hydrogen and oxygen which constitute it,
used singly or together, will furnish an inexhaustible
source of heat and light, of an intensity of which coal
is not capable.[...]
Water will be the coal of the future.“
- Jules Vernes: The Mysterious Island, page 139, year 1874](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)