How To Neutralize Anti-Aircraft Warfare

How To Neutralize Anti-Aircraft Warfare
The year was 1914. It all started in Sarajevo, Bosnia on July 28, 1914 with the assassination of
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife by a Serbian nationalist. This was the beginning of World
War I. By August 4, 1914 all the major players of World War I, Britain, France, Russia, Italy, and
Japan (the Allied Powers), and Austria–Hungary, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire (the Central
Powers), were at war. This war would go on for another four years where it finally concluded on
November 11, 1918 after Germany signed an armistice with the allies after they had suffered serious
losses in The Second Battle of the Marne. The war would present many unique challenges for both
sides, most importantly with the recent invention of the airplane and its use in military operations. In
order to counter this threat, all players needed to take into consideration how to take down these
planes in the most efficient way possible. This is how Anti–Aircraft Artillery ... Show more content
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The majority of all AAA were used and produced in other countries. Such examples of these are the
Chevalier, Model 1918, Grande Puissance Filloux (GPF), Hotchkiss and a variety of Improvised
Fighting Vehicles. The Chevalier was produced by a Swiss national living in Great Britain and was
armor piercing. The GPF and Hotchkiss were both outfitted to the American Expeditionary Force
(AEF) when they arrived in France in 1917. The Model 1918 was one of the first AAA weapons that
was actually produced by America; however, it was not fielded until December 1918 after the
armistice had already been signed. Lastly, the Improvised Fighting Vehicle, also known as
"Technical", was the name given to make shift 4x4 trucks which were crudely equipped with
machine guns on the back of them. Numerous countries frequently used these low cost options to
aid in the fight against
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Dive Bombers : Carrier Based
Two of the three aforementioned dive bombers were carrier–based, and this reflects the importance
of dive bombers as part of a fleet air wing. It was simply not feasible to have aircraft large enough to
be practical level bombers as part of the carrier's complement–– special situations such as the
Doolittle Raid notwithstanding. Furthermore, carriers groups were often tasked with attacking
enemy fleets, which calls for a precision beyond that of level bombing but perfectly suited for the
traits of dive bombers. While level bombers had the staggeringly low accuracy of 15% on a cruiser–
sized target, dive bombers attained hits 50% of the time, and near misses were also very valuable
thanks to the "water hammer" effect being able to break ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Dive bombers and dive bombing were not merely limited to carrier–borne planes bereft of the size
necessary for traditional level bombing. Indeed, while the Ju 87 did engage in anti–shipping
activities in the North Sea, it made its name in the land battles of the European Theatre. During the
initial Blitzkrieg as Germany first stormed east into Poland and then West all the way through
France, the Stuka was a terrifying weapon of war. Missions of interdiction and close–air–support
alike fell to the Ju 87, and the equipping of armored vehicles with Stuka radios enabled on–call air
support to specific locations as necessary. Later in the war on the Eastern Front, the Ju 87 evolved
into a potent anti–armor weapon thanks to the addition of two high–velocity 37mm cannon in
addition to its typical bomb load. Squadrons claimed dozens of tank kills in single confrontations,
and Hans–Ulrich Rudel, among the most decorated pilots in all the luftwaffe, claimed a total of 519
armored vehicles destroyed. While the Allied forces did not deploy a dedicated dive bomber during
their liberation of Europe, the United States used the hulking P–47 fighter–bomber as a multirole
combat aircraft with dive bombing among its duties. Unlike the multirole dive bombers of yore,
though, the P–47 was powerful enough to handle all its assigned roles and was a terrific interdictor.
On

Electronic Warfare During WWII
During World War 2 what was once thought be only be an enabler that the British and US would
utilize both Germany and Japan began to utilize Electronic Warfare as a means to target Allied
Forces During the beginning of World War 2 The Wehrmacht (Nazi German Defense Forces) prior
to the beginning of WWII consisted of three branches. The Heer (Army Ground Forces) which
consisted of the Kriegsmarine (Navy) and the Luftwaffe (Airforce). The Wehrmacht from 1935–
1945 is believed to have had over 18.2 million members total during the time frame across the
military.
During World War II, over 13 million soldiers served in the German Army, of whom over five
million became casualties. Separate from the army, the Waffen–SS (Armed SS) was a multi–ethnic
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
LORAN is a pulsed hyperbolic system. Which means that hyperbolic lines of position are
determined by noting differences in time of reception of synchronized pulses from widely spaced
transmitting stations, primary and secondary, A primary station broadcasts an uninterrupted series of
pulses of fixed duration and at a fixed rate. A secondary station, 200–300 miles away, automatically
transmits its own signals, maintaining a frequency and pulse duration in accord with those of the
primary station. The secondary station maintains a fixed time difference between its reception of the
primary signal pulse and the sending out of its own. The identified time difference of arrival of the
two pulses locates the craft some where on a curve and every point of which is located at a constant
difference in distance between the stations.

Aerial Warfare During World War I
During the beginning of World War I aircraft were still primitive and in their infancy of
development. They carried no weapons and were limited on their speed and range. It was not only
the limits of this new technology that hampered its deployment into combat it was also the
inadequacies of the pilots. This meant aircraft needed to be easy to fly so they were built to be less
maneuverable and more stable. Without a direct role in combat they found their first uses during the
war as a reconnaissance tool. It did not take long before pilots started carrying personal weapons
which evolved into mounting machine guns to the aircraft, then the use of bombs. As the aircraft
evolved from a reconnaissance tools into a tactical and strategical ... Show more content on
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As the trench became more compilated the pilots and their spotter had an increasing difficult time
accuracy relaying enemy and artillery positions. It was because of this that aerial photography was
introduced. It quickly became apparent that cameras where more effective when they were attached
to the aircraft. The photographs where then overlaid onto a map give accuracy information about the
enemy. One such pilot with the Royal Flying Corps named Lt. W. R. Read tells a story of him and
his observer, Jackson, flying over Mons. After the mission was complete they fired a few shots with
a rifle at enemy aircraft. After Jackson ran out of ammunition he asked Read "Have you got a
revolver, old boy?" Read replied "Yes. But no ammo" . Jackson then asked for the revolver and for
him to fly as close to the aircraft as he could. He proceeded to throw the revolver at the aircraft's
propeller. Afterward they decided that there was nothing further to do so they headed home. It did
not take long before it became important to down enemy aircraft before they could return home with
vital troop and artillery positions. As it became a real threat of being shot down new technologies
were developed. First, they increased the power of the aircraft engine not only for increased speed,
but to increased it could carry as well. Soon after machine gun mount were added to the side or the
upper wing of the aircraft. Position was important not only so they

The Air Defense Missile System
You know who is a pain in the neck? Terrorists, they are hard to get rid of. Currently in Syria is the
terrorist group named Isis. A nasty group of individuals that are about to have what is coming to
them. As an American soldier when I hear any news about these coward killing innocent people, it
turns my stomach worse than spoiled milk, there will be rest for the wicked this time because we
will put them to rest! And a big help is from Air Defense. Isis doesn't stand a chance with Russia and
America against them. Some of the systems that Russia has dealing with Air defense they already
deployed the s–400 to Syria. HomeNews
Russia deploys cutting–edge S–400 air defense system to Syrian base after Su–24 downing An S–
400 air defence missile ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The S–400 is the most advanced anti–aircraft defense system in Russia, and is unparalleled in the
world.
It's designed to ensure air defense using long– and medium–range missiles that can hit aerial targets,
including tactical and strategic aircraft as well as ballistic and cruise missiles, at ranges of up to 400
kilometers.
The system consists of a set of radars, missile launchers and command posts, and is operated solely
by the Russian military.
The Russian S–300PMU–1 TMD System
The proliferation of ballistic and cruise missiles has created interest in theater missile defense
(TMD). The objective of a TMD system is to defend against missile attacks. Such a system might be
configured to protect an area as small as a city or port, or as large as several thousand square
kilometers. It could provide protection for civilian populations as well as military forces. Providing
effective TMD would require a seamless network of early warning sensors, command posts, fire–
control radars, and anti–missile missiles.
Although defensive in nature, the deployment of a TMD system may catalyze threats to international
peace and security by upsetting a regional balance of military forces, undercutting other states '
deterrent capabilities, or by protecting forces that can be used for offensive purposes. TMD
deployment may therefore spur an unstable

Submarines: The Vietnam War
Contents
Abstracts.
After completing the entry of a package of six Russian kilos on January 20, 2017, Vietnam has
officially become a member of the "submarine club". With the existing six submarines, Vietnam's
ability to defend and control territorial waters has increased significantly. However, with the
topographic features of the South China Sea, kilos can not work effectively in certain areas such as
estuaries, bays or islands, this is necessary for the purpose of Vietnam's sea defense in the current
geopolitical situation. So, sooner or later, the second submarine brigade, that is based on high
mobility mini submarine that replenishing the existing six Kilos, must be established . This paper
will demonstrate that mini submarines are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We will be able to maintain vessel operation with only a few crew members. Special combat forces
equipped with this type of submarine can carry out the task of protecting important structures. Small
submarines can conduct a variety of activities such as: Destroying the enemy's sea lanes;
Transporting landing forces on the island; Reconnaissance, neutralization of minefields and
bombardment; Sabotage of port facilities and other important objectives. It is in line with the
traditional Vietnamese military guerrilla

The Impact Of Aircraft On The United Kingdom Of World War II
Aircraft have always played an important role when taking us to places otherwise inaccessible.
Whether it be an airliner with passengers or military carrier, air travel results in faster, more efficient
completion of task. The way we navigate the skies can make or break the success of business or
military operations. However, there are some dangers that exist. Being thousands of feet up in the
sky leaves us prone to catastrophic failure of a component or detection and engagement from
defensive air and ground forces. Safety is a must and as a result, advanced technologies, shaped and
inspired by renowned conflicts and events, such as "radar jamming systems", were developed in
order to insure the safety of those on the ground and in the sky. At the dawn of World War II, the
U.S. were in no way a threat to any other country, yet were serving partially as a provider for its
European allies. Have been given freedom to do so by the Lend–Lease bill, the U.S provided
significant military supplies and other aids mostly to the United Kingdom and other allies involved
in the war against Nazi Germany. It wasn't until December 7, 1941 when America joined the war
after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. This attack later led Hitler crazed Germany and Italy to
join Japan in a declaration of war against the United States. The United States were now cornered by
forces from different sides of the world. Even though Japan settled down after the U.S. bombings of
Hiroshima and

RQ-7 Shadow
The continued development of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) creates new capabilities and
continually improves legacy platforms. A system in development over the years is the RQ–7
Shadow. This platform has a wide verity of uses and capabilities ranging from tactical to strategic
mission sets. The United States developed this system to provide Brigade (BDE) commanders with
improved capabilities and situational awareness within their area or responsibility (AOR) (TC 2–
22.7, 2011). Through these advancements UAS are improving the capabilities within the geospatial
intelligence (GEOINT) profession by helping to solve GEOINT intelligence problem sets. The
United States military used UAS technology during WWII and the Vietnam wars. However, the
development of the RQ–7 Shadow did not start until 1991. It was first flown by the Army for testing
in 1992 and mass production began in 1999. Manufacturers delivered the RQ–7 Shadow to army
units in 2001 and began operations in 2002 (Military Periscope, 2014). The most common payload
the RQ–7 carries is the Plug–in Optronic Payload visible/Infrared (P.O.P. visible/IR). The P.O.P.
visible/IR payload gives the shadow capabilities to shoot full motion video (FMV) day and night,
daytime TV during the day, and Near Infrared (NIR) throughout the night (TC 2–22.7, 2011). By ...
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Quality GEOINT analysis leads to proper area reconnaissance, BDA, IED/counter drug measures,
and targeting. However, the Shadow is not always the best option, because it can be unreliable due
to data link and weather issues, engine noise, and limited flight time. The US Army can also use this
asset to help and aid partnered countries. The Shadow continues to advance in capabilities and
technologies. Ultimately, the RQ–7 Shadow is an asset that can generate great results, because it is
easily accessible to the GEOINT

Technological Advancements Brought on by World War II Essay
One of the most recognized technologic advancements in plans during world war one and two waqs
the blitzberg plan. The World War Two era was a time of change. There were many technological
advancements during this time. These advances can be categorized into three categories. They are
weapon advances, vehicle advances, and strategic advances. This technology would change the face
of war forever. The first category, weapon advances, is a very important category. Leading up to the
war, weapons were changing constantly. Weapons of World War One were out of date. They were
becoming more accurate, and capable of longer ranges. In World War One, the average soldier
carried a bolt action rifle. Bolt action rifles are accurate; ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The second group of advances is vehicle advances. This category can be broken down into a few
sub–categories. They are ground vehicles, ships, and aircraft. This category of technology was one
of the most important influences of the war. First, we will discuss ground vehicle advances. The
Jeep was invented in World War Two. It was used as basic transportation for troops. After the war,
the Jeep became more popular and was then used as a production vehicle for the public. Tanks of
World War One were very primitive and very ineffective. In World War Two, the tank was one of the
most important vehicles used. Leading up to World War Two, tanks were made more powerful,
faster, lighter, and stronger. Tank warfare was very important in World War Two. All countries
involved in the war were producing their own models of tanks. By the end of the war, the Allies had
developed a new kind of tank. It had no big guns on it. It was a troop transportation vehicle that was
heavily armored. Transportation vehicles were very important in the war. Without transportation,
there is no efficient way to move troops. All of these vehicles were very important in the history of
war.
The next group of vehicles is the ships. Naval technology was very primitive prior to this time. The
radar was a breakthrough in navigation and enemy detection. However, the radar was new
technology, having been invented only a few years prior to the start of World

Gulf War Air Defense Essay
The Role of Air Defense in the Gulf War Throughout the history of Air Defense Artillery (ADA),
innovative steps were made for the technological advance in weaponry to defend our skies and
ground forces. The diverse history and continuous research and development of air defense systems
played a vital role in the safety of ground troops and foreign civilians during the Persian Gulf crisis.
Though not always in the forefront of battle, ADA had its own vital roles that it played from the time
of its birth, and it was no different during Operations Desert Storm and Desert Shield when
necessity helped to bring about the evolution of the PAC–II Patriot missile. With its history woven
in every American war since the establishment of the United States Army in 1775, the ADA branch
was not ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The impact made by ADA forces spanned over many countries, the main ones being Germany,
Israel, Turkey and Iraq. Using their newest developed missiles, Patriot Antitactical ballistic missile
Capability, phase 1 (PAC–1) and Patriot Advanced Capability–2 (PAC–2), the Iraqi army had
nothing as a comparable counterpart (Burr, 2001). These missiles were 17 feet, 5 inches in length,
had a warhead with 221 pounds of high explosive, and could fly at Mach 3 up to 78,000 feet in
altitude with a range of 43 miles (Leyden, 1997). The radar, control station, and launchers were all
connected via computer, activating when a launch was detected and the "highest probability of a kill
[was] obtained" (Burr, 2001). The newer PAC–2 missiles were capable of self–guidance with track–
via–missile software and were more effective than their PAC–1

Battle Of Midway Essay
reach, carrier based aircraft could reach the mainland. However, the bombers in the raid did not have
enough fuel to return, and were forced to land in China. The raid had a significant impact on the
outcome of the war because it baited the Japanese to counterattack, which led to the disastrous
Battle of Midway. After the successful attack naval commanders began to see the aircraft carrier as a
valuable weapon, and began to use them more. The strategy of long distance strikes developed from
the raid would later be used by both sides during the Battles of Midway and the Coral Sea.
Battle of Midway and the Coral Sea Due to the significant changes the aircraft carrier caused in
naval warfare, many commanders began to change their tactics. The Battle of Midway was one of
the first battles to show these changes in tactics. During the battle, the cruisers and battleships
provided additional anti–aircraft support, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A Nimitz class carrier can hold up to 90 aircraft and also can carry helicopters. It has a designated
launch pad separate from the regular runway so a helicopter and an aircraft can launch at the same
time. Helicopters are used for smaller operations such as search and rescue and anti–submarine
patrols. The lead ship of the class was launched in 1975 and the last ship was launched in 2009.
With a total of ten ships it is the most produced class currently. The Nimitz class has influenced
many operations during its service. During The Gulf War they provided air support or engaged other
surface ships. Some of the carriers provide air support for the ongoing Operation Enduring Freedom
in Afghanistan. Currently all of the ships in the Nimitz class are in active duty and are expected to
remain in service for at least 15 years. The Nimitz class is designed to last 50 years, possibly more
with later planned

Aircraft Operations During World War I
World War I, although originating in Europe, affected people on a global scale. Advancements in
technology across the globe were at a peak, and flying was at the forefront. Later in the war
capabilities in the air, whether offensive or defensive, would play a pivotal role in the successes and
failures across all avenues of combat. The war started with the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, the
Archduke of Austria on June 28, 1914, by Slav nationals when the Archduke was in Sarajevo. As
Serbia declared war against Vienna, the governments of France and Russia quickly became
involved. Germany quickly entered into the fray, opposing France and Russia. Shortly thereafter,
Great Britain took the side of France and Russia forming the Entente Alliance.
The United States held a completely neutral stance for a great deal of time. Forty–seven days from
September 26, 1918 – November 11, 1918, of cold, combat hell fell upon more than 1.2 million
American troops at the campaign of Meuse–Argonne. Two incidents that led to the United States
entering Word War I included the sinking of the British ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Meuse–Argonne offensive was the final campaign, cost over twenty–six thousand lives and was
the bloodiest operation during this era. Aircraft played a vital role during this campaign, which
demanded emplacement of Anti–Aircraft Artillery units across the entire battlefield. Aircraft were
normally small were initially used for enemy reconnaissance. Although frequently used, airplanes
were unreliable and could not carry weapons. Anti–Aircraft Artillery units utilized observation
balloons (dirigibles) around coalition bases. These balloons became easy targets for the enemy but
were under the protection of large anti–aircraft guns. Even though the balloons were very flammable
due to the hydrogen, they still contributed greatly and effectively to the trench warfare of World War

F-8b Harrier Essay
"Air power alone does not guarantee America's security, but I believe it exploits the nation's greatest
asset – our technical skill." – Gen. Hoyt S. Vandenberg, Second Air Force Chief of Staff. Over time,
different aircraft types have been used to meet specific demands and specialize in single purposes.
The F–117 Nighthawk specializes in stealth, the A–10 Thunderbolt is designed purely for Close Air
Support, and the F–22 Raptor was created as an air superiority fighter. One function that has been
added to the list more recently is STOVL (Short Takeoff Vertical Landing), and has been
successfully exemplified by the AV–8B Harrier. This platform has been in use since the first version
arrived in 1967, and is looking to be replaced by something ... Show more content on
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It was developed as a multirole aircraft that could replace both the F/A–18 Hornet and AV–8B
Harrier platforms with exponentially better performance in combat effectiveness, maintainability,
and overall efficiency. The B variant is mainly intended to be used by the Marines, since it can
operate for amphibious assault ships and conduct operations similar to the Harrier's, which has been
primarily serviced by the Marines. The main similarity to Harrier missions is the STOVL capability,
allowing the aircraft to land and take off in hostile environments or when shorter landing strips are
available. When engaging enemy forces, it can preform CAS with increased effectiveness than the
Harrier due to a larger payload capacity and much improved stealth and anti–detection
characteristics. Many types of operations await the F–35B in the future. Because of its low detection
stealth capability, it can be used to fly in undetected and eliminate targets from long distances with
precision guided munitions. Because of its numerous advanced electronic warfare systems and
dominant intelligence gathering ability, jamming radar, attacking hostile combat systems, and
supporting aggressive allied movements will be other functions the F–35B is looking to fulfill, all
while staying hidden. It is intended to be a major role player in the MAGTFs (Marine Air Ground
Task

Germany's Role In Ww2
In the aerial theater of World War II, the Third Reich and the Allies employed notably different
philosophies to long–term strategic warfare. While the tactical aircraft (fighters, interceptors,
attackers) of both factions were rather similar in role and efficacy, the Luftwaffe staggered behind
RAF, USAF, and Soviet Air Force in the development of long–range heavy bomber aircraft. This
was the result not of inferior technology or engineering, but rather shortsightedness from Hermann
Goring and the rest of Hitler's cabinet. Early in the war, Germany had experienced great success
with the Blitzkrieg combat strategy, which emphasized armored warfare, close–in air support, and
continual penetration into enemy territory. This military philosophy ... Show more content on
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The power–weight ratio provided by this unique design allowed their aircraft, the Horten 229 to
meet the standards of the jet bomber program despite the limitations of propulsion technology.
Furthermore, the aircraft was constructed not out of aluminum, but of wood, thus reducing weight
and improving maneuverability. In initial handling tests, the 229 easily outmaneuvered and
outperformed the Schwalbe, proving its capability as both a bomber and a dogfighter. With this in
mind, the Horten brothers prepared to develop a fighter model which carried twin high–caliber
30mm Mk103 cannons, giving the aircraft the capability to harass light tanks and armored vehicles,
in addition to dogfighting enemy interceptors and destroying heavy bombers. The strategic bomber
conversion of the aircraft would have carried 1000 kg of ordnance, in the form of two 500 kg
bombs. Although the payload of the aircraft may seem underwhelming compared to Allied bombers
(the B–17 and Pe–8 could carry up to 2,700 kg and 5,000 kg, respectively) the wooden construction
of the 229 would have drastically reduced production costs, allowing large quantities of aircraft to
make up for the deficiencies in the payload of individual

Taking a Look at Mine Warfare
Mine warfare is the strategic, operational, and tactical use of sea mines and the countermeasures to
defeat them. These weapons are so dangerous and efficient which is why foreign navies and even
terrorist possess these weapons. The history of these weapons goes back to 1776; a year after our
nation's Navy was born. A man named David Bushnell created a mine that was composed of a
watertight keg, filled with black powder and a flintlock detonator which was suspended from a float
(Levie). The kegs were first used in the Delaware River to destroy British ships downriver during
the Revolutionary War. Along with the creation of the floating mines, Bushnell also created a drift
model of the mines that exploded on contact. As time went on, the Naval Branch increased in size
and so did the evolution and use of mines. Around 1863, Confederate Congress established the
Torpedo Service whose mission was to sow southern waterways with the kegs, which were very
inexpensive at the time. It was not until World War I when mines were being laid across the seas in
large amounts to prevent German U–boats from destroying our warships. Almost twenty–five years
later, during the Second World War, modern magnetic, acoustic, and pressure–sensitive mines were
first developed. The deployment of mines by submarine and aircraft suddenly came into play, which
spark inventors to begin developing counter–measures. Along with these counter measures, the
military begin to establish a base line by which all

World War 1 Essay
In today's digital age, development of new technology and weapons are at an alarming rate, hence
arises the need to stay ahead of advancements in order to properly defend the nation, as well as
coalition forces and allies. In this period of warfare, the number one threat comes in the form of air
breathing and ballistic missiles. During World War II, this threat was present, but was not thought to
be prevalent. Following World War I, and into the beginning of World War II, the United States of
America was still recuperating from the first war, and therefore did not engage. The focus was
reestablishing the military in the form of personnel and equipment. It was becoming evident that the
forward shift in technology was forcing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unfortunately, the officer on duty ignored the warning. Had he not, the attack on Pearl Harbor could
have been less severe, if not countered completely. In addition, the task of almost the entirety of the
air defense of Pearl Harbor fell upon the United States Navy and the United States Air Corp, despite
the 16th Coast Artillery Regiment having eighty–two 3–inch anti–aircraft guns, twenty 37 mm anti–
aircraft guns, and one hundred and nine .50 caliber anti–aircraft machine guns. The Army Air Corp's
P–36 and P–40 pursuit planes were the main deterrent to enemy aircraft, unfortunately, this was the
target of the Japanese Naval Fleet (Anti–aircraft). At the end of the attack, only a few P–36's were
able to escape the barrage of bullets and bombs, and managed to destroy ten of the Japanese Zero's,
while the 16th Coast Artillery Regiment brought down six. Ironically, four years prior, in June of
1937, the United States War Department began drafting a plan to increase the continental anti–
aircraft artillery due to rising tensions with Japan, yet was not approved until late 1940. The plan
called for increasing the number of 3–inch guns from 135 to 472, as well as increasing the number
of regiments to 80, which would account for roughly 4,000,000 service men, solely for the defense
of the continental United States. The Secretary of War, Henry L. Stimson, approved the project for
Pearl Harbor, which would increase

The First Airborne Jamming Test
These developments in radar prompted experiments to find whether or not ITS transmission could
be denied or defeated. The first airborne jamming test took place in London and involved a
continuous wave transmitter. Following this test, anti–jamming systems were attached to the
direction finding systems which then evolved into the Chain Home radar system along the eastern
coast of the U.K. These anti–jamming systems were the first examples of electronic counter
counter–measures which is now a sub–category of electronic warfare called electronic protection.
(price 9–10). The United States conducted similar experiments and prior to entering the Second
World War, the United States Navy possessed radar, high frequency direction finding systems and
anti–jamming devices.
Throughout the year of 1940, the Germans and the British conducted a series of back and forth
electronic attacks and counterattacks AFFECTING the German's ability to bomb Britain during the
night with low visibility. The German's employed various radio–technologies to acquire night–
bombing capabilities where they could intersect two transmitted radio–waves that followed the
correct flight path in order to ensure the German pilots could maintain a continuous course. The
German's even used the British's own Chain Home defense as reference points during this evolution.
The UK would continually modify their systems and employ electronic warfare tactics to jam the
German's beams.
The British continued to modify

Remote Minehunting System ( Rms ) Of Littoral Combat Ship
This paper examines Remote Minehunting System (RMS) of Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) in detail.
LCS is a fast platform designed for executing operations in near–shore environments. But, it is
capable of conducting open–ocean operation as well. It is designed to defeat asymmetric threats.
Mines, submarines and fast surface craft can be shown as unique examples of asymmetric threats.
The LCS, which is a fast, maneuverable surface ship, provides warfighting capabilities for
tasks/missions including mine warfare, anti–submarine warfare (ASW) and anti–surface warfare
(ASUW). The RMS, which will be deployed on LCS, is a component of the LCS Mine
Countermeasures (MCM) mission package (MP). The mission package is called the Remote
Minehunting System. The system uses the Remote Multimission Vehicle (RMMV). The RMMV
vehicle is produced by Lockheed Martin. It conducts autonomous and/or semi autonomous missions.
It also carries AQS–20A minehunting sonar. The sonar attached to RMMV is specifically designed
for a variable depth forward–looking and side–scanning under sea. Raytheon makes the AQS–20As.
The RMS detects, classifies, and localizes non–buried bottom and moored mines. It also identifies
shallow–water bottom mines.
U.S. Navy plans to keep its ships out of the dangerous minefield with the RMS. Navy focuses on
decreasing core crew for mine warfare while conducting mine–hunting operations as well. Navy
envisions that this concept with RMS on LCS will prove a significant force

Weapons And Technology Advancements During Ww1
Weapons and Technology Advancements during WW1
World War 1(WW1) introduced many different types of machinery and weaponry to the world. It
was known to be the greatest enhancements technological warfare. It introduced many different
types of machinery and weaponry to the world. Some examples would include the first models of
tanks, machine guns, airplanes and aircraft carriers(History 1). As the war progressed in years, the
weapons and machines got substantially better. These improvements contributed and influenced
modern war tactics which in the end, results in an overall more deadlier war.
Tanks provided a substantial difference during the war. It increased mobility on the battlefield and in
due course broke the stalemate of trench warfare (WW1 Facts 1). The vast idea of the tank was
constructed in 1915 by a British Army colonel named Ernest Swinton and William Hankey, a
secretary of the Committee for Imperial Defense. The first tank prototype, Little Willie, was
revealed in September 1915. It was a great advancement of war technology and inspired and
influenced other countries to come up with their own models. But when Little Willie hit the
battlefield, it turned out to be a complete bust. It struggled to terrain the trenches and would often
get caught in them. It traveled very slowly and and quickly became overheated. Because of this, the
British decided to make a newer and better tank known as "Big Willie"(History 1). It quickly
became known across the world that other

Herman Melvilles A Utilitarian View Of The Monitor's Fight
Herman Melville's "A Utilitarian View of the Monitor's Fight" was a part of a collection of poems
from the book titled Battle–Pieces and Aspects of the War, published in 1866. It was the first book
of poetry written by Melville. According to authors Geoffrey Sanborn and Samuel Otter, "It is a
great anti–war poem, one that in its focus upon warfare as the expression of industrial power could
be said to lay the groundwork for an anti–war tradition of poetry in English that would reach a kind
of pinnacle in Wilfred Owen's Dulce Et Decorum Est (Sanborn and Otter, 2011)." The war had a
deep impact on Melville, who witnessed the efficiently of mechanized warfare. Many of today's
practices of the military–industrial complex are confirmed in Melville's ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Eisenhower in his 1961 farewell address. One use of the term MIC refers to any set of relationships
between military policy and industrial production (Ball, 2002) Thus, it is evident in the present era
of war fighting with United States airpower. The United States dominates modern warfare through
air superiority. This has been achieved through advancement in aircraft technology and stealth
warfare. Hence, the United States has approximately 13,000 military aircraft that were built in
factories. Comparatively, China and Russia, the world's next–largest aerial powers, only have a total
of 2,000 to 3,000 military aircraft each (Bender, 2015) that were produced in factories. Next, another
point of contention is the desensitization of warfare as a result of

M42 Duster
The Fire Dragon of Vietnam During the Vietnam War the M42 (Duster) tracked self–propelled anti–
aircraft gun (SPAAG) vehicle influenced the future versatility and capabilities of the Air Defense
Artillery systems of today's United States Army. This system put a lasting impression on the minds
and confidence of the American Army Soldiers. These Soldiers actively participated in defending
the South Vietnamese from the North Vietnamese and its southern allies, known as the Viet Cong (or
Vietnamese Communist). Not only did the M42 Duster (SPAAG) raise the moral and boost
confidence with the American Soldiers, it instilled fear and discouraged the enemy from attacking
positions that were fortified with versatile air defense systems. This ... Show more content on
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It influenced future generations of soldiers and equipment to advance both tactically and technically,
greatly increasing the multi–role diversity and capabilities of the Air Defense Artillery systems of
today's United States Army. Compared to the Patriot Launcher Missile system, it showed that Air
Defense units could be multifaceted. Like the M42 Duster (SPAAG), the Patriot system
demonstrated excellent destruction ratio for aircraft but the system also worked well in defense of
TBM's (Tactical Ballistic

Vietnam Scholarship Essay
Prior to the Sarah Bonnifield Vietnam Scholarship opportunity, I had never researched or been
educated on the unique importance of the Air Force in the Vietnam War. However, as I looked into
it, I became increasingly interested in and aware of the incredible significance the USAF played
throughout the duration of the war. The Air Force used novel strategies and adopted several new
roles in during Vietnam that had never been used in previous wars or conflicts. In addition to these
tactics, new technology and weapons emerged during this time period that changed the way that the
Air Force would be utilized in conflicts and wars from that point on. At the beginning of the war, the
United States involvement was limited to mostly supplying the South Vietnamese troops with
training and weaponry, etc. More specifically in the air, they also led reconnaissance missions
against the VietCong as well as search and rescue. After the Tonkin Gulf Incident, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The North Vietnamese were relying very heavily on a network of trails leading from North Vietnam
through the countries of Laos and Cambodia, into South Vietnam. This was the North's main
infiltration network into South Vietnam. The trail was named Ho Chi Minh trail, named after the
Communist leader of North Vietnam at that time. This general area had been bombed early in the
war, but the VietCong just bypassed the bombed areas and built around it. For the U.S to have any
success in Vietnam, leaders collectively seemed to agree that this main transportation network
would have to be severed. In February of 1965, Johnson approved an air warfare campaign against
North Vietnam. It was named Operation Rolling Thunder. Although this campaign wasn't the
offensive tactic to end the war, it lasted for four years on and off and played a very significant war in
regards to the Air Force

Active Denial System Paper
Active Denial System The Active Denial System (ADS) is an electromagnetic, directed energy, non–
lethal weapon designed by the US military and built by Raytheon (Cumming, 2010). The ADS
works by producing 95GHz electromagnetic radiation that is focused in a beam at a target
(Wikipedia, 2014). These 3.2mm electromagnetic waves work on the same principal as a microwave
oven. The waves excite water and fat molecules instantly heating them through dielectric heating
(Wikipedia, 2014). Due to the extremely high frequency of these waves, the energy from them is
absorbed in within the first 0.4mm of skin, meaning they do not affect vital organs, blood vessels or
nerve endings (Wikipedia, 2014). Due to these attributes, and the results of numerous studies, in
which the worst injury inflicted by the ADS were pea sized blisters, with a 1 in 1000 chance of this
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This becomes a major problem when there is a large amount of water in the environment. In a
situation with low humidity, the ADS has an effective operating range in excess of 500m (Danyalov,
2014). The ADS though is adversely affected by weather conditions, such as fog, rain, snow, sleet,
and dust storms. The rain, fog, snow and sleet all reduce the range and effectiveness of the beam by
absorbing the radiation it produces. The dust storm reduces the range of the ADS, not by absorbing
the radiation, but by deflecting and dispersing it. Both of these situations mean that the full power of
the ray is no longer reaching its intended target, "which may moderate the ADS's sensation to warm
and comfortable"(Cumming, 2010). Along with aspects of the environment blocking the device, it
can be countered by very reflective material such as aluminium foil (Cumming, 2010). Along with
aluminium foil, a defence of sprinklers that produce a fine mist, similar to fire defence systems
found on rural homes, could be used to counter the

My Experience in the Military
Marcus Pennie Written Communication September 9, 2012 My darkest hour was also the moment I
became a man. When all my years of training, all the blood, sweat, and tears of running, aiming,
skills training, and hand to hand combat had finally been put to the test. My first kill. It wasn't a
proud moment but it was one on necessity and choice that I've played over and over again and I still
get the same result. It would have gone exactly the same. September 21st 1999, 1327 Zulu time. We
were flying over Almaty, Kazakhstan. The rattling of the POS tin can they call an airplane was really
making me queasy. 'Man less than an hour before we land. It's not coming soon enough.' I thought.
Then came the dreaded command that started the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I was holding up until the pain from the slice began to overwhelm me and I felt woozy. I felt like
this was it, I am going to lose my grip and this knife was about to go into my face. I quickly thought
of everything that would follow and everything that has happened to me up to that point in an
instance. Then as if a blessing from God, the door burst open and I redirected my focus to the door.
So did he, which was his mistake. I quick glanced back at him and noticed two things. His eyes were
off of me and his push weakened just for a second. The only second I needed. I pivoted my upper
half to my right and pulled his arm towards where my head once was, jamming the knife into the
hardwood floor. I brought my right elbow into his head and he toppled over. I reached for my side
arm, rolled away, up on to one side, aimed and fired twice. My pistol and eyes both rose up and to
the left to the doorway and fired three more times. Both enemies, cancelled. I took what seemed like
an eternity to curse, catch my breath and regroup myself. I stood up and realized the fight wasn't
over. I still had to make it to my unit. I made my way through the apartment I earlier crashed into,
out into the hallway and back up to the roof. I noticed insurgents on the rooftop directly behind me
making half–ass shots at me. I leapt to the next

Aircraft Carriers
Introduction The United States Navy calls its Nimitz class aircraft carriers "4.5 acres of sovereign
and mobile American territory" and highlights their importance to American strategy by noting that
an "aircraft carrier doesn't just launch aircraft – it projects power". The aircraft carrier has an ability
like no other war vessel to deploy aircraft and serve as a base of operations for a wide variety of
military activities. As a result, the US Navy forms entire battlegroups or fleets around the use of
these vessels and regularly deploys them abroad to meet their strategic objectives. Given that air
power is a relatively recent development in the grand scheme of military history, the speed of
contemporary development in aircraft carriers is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first of which was the sinking of the HMS Courageous in 1939 by a German U–boat. An old
aircraft carrier at the beginning of the war and a converted battlecruiser, the vessel was tasked with
providing escort to merchant ships by providing anti–submarine protection in a convoy with other
destroyers to provide protection to the carrier. Despite this, a single German submarine was able to
successfully engage and sink the HMS Courageous, escaping without harm from the depth–charge
wield escorts to report the success back to Germany. This highlighted two key strategic weaknesses
of aircraft carriers, the first being their need for anti–submarine escort and their vulnerability to
small, relatively cheaper instruments of war. HMS Courageous was escorted by four destroyers who
were armed for anti–submarine warfare who, in theory, should have been able to safely escort the
vessel from this very threat. Furthermore, aside from the resources tied up in escorting the carrier,
the air planes which were meant to excel in this field were equally ineffective in defending their own
air base. Shore based aircraft had the distinction advantage of being able to return to a relatively safe
air base that was very likely to be there when they returned, unlike carrier–based aircraft. The
advantage of extending the range of

How Does Aviation Affect Warfare?
Samuel Razumovskiy
Sandra Woodward
English 102
May 26, 2015
How does Aviation Affect Warfare? Aviation has had many impacts on the world, especially warfare.
Changing the way we fight forever aviation is constantly changing the battlefield since WWI. In
every war after WWI aviation was a prominent factor in the way battles played out, and in the end
the war. It is even a large factor in naval warfare since its introduction. WWI was the war which
created the significant role for aviation in modern warfare. Starting out with reconnaissance flights
and ending with bombing runs with escort fighters, WWI showed the speed at which aviation can
change. During WWI enemy reconnaissance pilots usually just waved at each other as they flew by
since ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first general to advocate for an Air Force was General Billy Mitchell. He wanted to be the
commander of the US Air Force since he believed aircraft were going to start to play a larger role in
warfare. To show why he believed so, Mitchell had a demonstration shown to a group of
congressmen (WhipLash007). The demonstration was of a captured German battleship, deemed
unsinkable, being destroyed by a couple planes with 2000 lbs bombs (WhipLash007). This caught
the eye of Navy admirals who decided to invest in a ship that can carry a large supply of planes on
its deck. Thus the first carriers were born. With the creation of the aircraft carrier, the Navy had to
find a way for the planes to land safely; some progress was made but it was still extremely
dangerous until angled landing strips were created (Chipman). When WWII came along it was time
for Naval aviation to prove itself as a weapon of the seas. Naval aviation came with a bang when the
Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor and destroyed many US ships. But the US was lucky, although the
entire battleship fleet was destroyed, there were no carriers in port at the time. After the bombing,
the Japanese decided to attack the US held island of Midway Atoll. The Japanese attacked with
nearly 200 ships while the US had only fifty with three of them aircraft carriers (WhipLash007). In
the morning of June 4, the Japanese

Army Observation Essay
Arriving on base Tank reported to Command Ops. They recalled him from leave for a mission in
Syria. From his platoon the eight–man team selected consisted of sniper units and Arabic language
qualified people with Tank in command. They are to go in by way of a HALO jump at night.
At the briefing, they learned they would be going into support, the Northern Storm Brigade. They
are an Islamist FSA unit that controls an important border crossing between Syria and Turkey. There
had been deadly clashes between the Northern Storm Brigade and the Islāmic State of Iraq and the
Levant (ISIL) after the Jihadist group stormed their positions.
Their mission was to light up specific ISIS targets for Air Ops. Secondary was to kill or capture any
and all insurgents. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Insurgent fighters were converging on them with rapid speed. Joker dropped the M110. Ducking out
of the OP he dropped a grenade on it. It was too cumbersome to run with and he was not leaving it
behind. He would be better with his M249 Light Machine Gun at close range. He opened up laying
down covering fire as the squad headed for the old trail. Leapfrogging along, from rock to boulder
they made their way closer to the L.Z.
"Come on," Brooks shouted into an empty sky. To the squad, he issued a warning.
"Keep your eyes open for Razor and the Straight–man, no blue on blue fatalities for our team."
Then, in the distance, a chopper rolled in with weapons blazing. They fired rockets towards the
fighters advancing on the squad's position.
A well–aimed shot from a shoulder fired missile hit the chopper causing it to explode, disintegrating
in a ball of fire.
"Get on the horn, Joker. Tell them our chopper is down and we are digging in 100 meters from the
L.Z. Tell them to send air support with it. We may have to report a possible overrun situation."
"Roger that."
"Everybody get your ass down. Dig in. We are going to have to hold until the Calvary gets here,"
shouted

Essay about Pearl Harbor
The surprise was complete. The attacking planes came in two waves; the first hit its target at 7:53
AM, the second at 8:55. By 9:55 it was all over. By 1:00 PM the carriers that launched the planes
from 274 miles off the coast of Oahu were heading back to Japan. Behind them they left chaos,
2,403 dead, 188 destroyed planes and a crippled Pacific Fleet that included 8 damaged or destroyed
battleships. In one stroke the Japanese action silenced the debate that had divided Americans ever
since the German defeat of France left England alone in the fight against the Nazi terror.
Approximately three hours later, Japanese planes began a day–long attack on American facilities in
the Philippines. (Because the islands are located across the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Marine Corporal E.C. Nightingale was aboard the Arizona that fateful Sunday morning:
"At approximately eight o'clock on the morning of December 7, 1941, I was leaving the breakfast
table when the ship's siren for air defense sounded. Having no anti–aircraft battle station, I paid little
attention to it. Suddenly I heard an explosion. I ran to the port door leading to the quarterdeck and
saw a bomb strike a barge of some sort alongside the NEVADA, or in that vicinity. The marine color
guard came in at this point saying we were being attacked. I could distinctly hear machine gun fire. I
believe at this point our anti–aircraft battery opened up.
"We stood around awaiting orders of some kind. General Quarters sounded and I started for my
battle station in secondary aft. As I passed through casement nine I noted the gun was manned and
being trained out. The men seemed extremely calm and collected. I reached the boat deck and our
anti–aircraft guns were in full action, firing very rapidly. I was about three quarters of the way to the
first platform on the mast when it seemed as though a bomb struck our quarterdeck. I could hear
shrapnel or fragments whistling past me. As soon as I reached the first platform, I saw Second
Lieutenant Simonson lying on his back with blood on his shirt front. I bent over him and taking him
by the shoulders asked if there was anything I could do. He was dead, or so nearly so that speech
was

The Battle Of Saint Mihiel
World War I Marc A. Lungo, Adam W. Delano, Christopher J. Snyder Air Defense Artillery
Advanced Leaders Course World War I The battle of Saint Mihiel was a pivotal point in the many
conflicts the United States was involved in during World War I. In this essay, the role of the Non–
Commissioned Officers, along with the invention of the 3–Inch M1918 Anti Air Gun, is shown to be
an incredible advantage for the United States. The need for a weapon that is mobile, as well as
perform a much needed defensive service, presented the opportunity to create the 3 Inch M1918
Anti–Aircraft Gun. "The 3–Inch M1918 AA gun is a derivative of the 3–Inch M1898 that is too
large to be feasibly mobile" (Ordnance, T.O, 1920). While this gun cannot be fired while being
towed behind a vehicle, it is transportable enough to move to an area that needs protection from the
ever–growing aircraft attack threat. "This variation has a design of a smaller breach that fired a
cartridge of 76.2x585R, allowing a breach that will automatically open after the firing of each
cartridge" (Ordnance, T. O, 1920). This was an innovative concept that allows the firing of multiple
rounds at a greater rate to help with the adjustment needed when firing at an aircraft traveling at a
high velocity, attitude, and altitude. "The muzzle velocity of this weapon firing a 15–pound shell,
with either shrapnel or explosive charge, is 2,400 feet per second" (Ordnance, T.O, 1920). The
maximum

Reasons Why America Won The War In Vietnam
Soviet Union Moscow was North Vietnam's ally. They supplied weapons and military advisors, over
3 000 soldiers, 2 000 tanks, 7 000 artillery pieces, 5 000 anti–aircraft guns and 200 surface to air
missiles. China– aided with military engineers and anti–aircraft batteries. Millions of dollars= in rice
was supplied as well as 90 000 assault rifles to the communists. North Korea– they sent two
squadrons of MiG–17's and a squadron of MiG–21's. More than 200 aviators rotated in and out.
Cuba– several thousand military engineers aided the communist war effort. Reasons why America
could not have won the war in Vietnam South Vietnam could not have been saved from the north.
The U.S. army had few restrictions for example capturing prisoners and torturing

Coral Ocean Warfare Research Paper
A New Breed of Warfare – a New Breed of Tactics World War II brought some of the most dramatic
changes in naval warfare. New technology such as aircraft have been modified for air to air and air
to land combat. Battle ships are more powerful than ever and a new vessel, the aircraft carrier, bring
a whole new element to the battle field. The battle of Coral Sea stopped the Japanese offence and
was the first ever aircraft carrier battle. In the Battle of the Coral Sea, the allies used experimental
tactics in offence, defense, and intelligence. The Allies in the battle of Coral Sea used experimental
tactics in offense. The use of the airplane brought about dive–bombers. Dive–bombing is a plane
that is armed with a bomb or torpedo on the underbelly of the plane that's dives toward its target
gaining speed and making a u like sweep towards the ship. Edmond Hoyt (1975, 72), the author of
Blue Skies and Blood records, "Lieutenant Commander Burch gave the signal... dive attach 19,000
feet moving to an angle of 70 degrees when they hit 10,000 feet and then holding steady until ...
2500 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The fleet used a defensive weapon, a shell called flak. Flak was fired as a protective screen to deter
enemy pilots from coming closer to the fleet. When fired, the flak burst in the air spreading shards
of shrapnel, tearing up enemy fighters. Ships will fire this in a wide u formation protecting their
planes and carrier. Hoyt (1975, 61) quotes, "The night was lit up like the Fourth of July fireworks . .
. star shells arcing across the fleet and tracers burning red and blue as they hiss through the air". AA
guns (aka, anti–aircraft) also fired fifty calibers, a higher caliber round capable for longer distances,
this was for more dependable accurate fire so that friendly planes had a decreased chance of being
friendly fired upon. Using this defense of shrapnel proved valuable and will be used in more battles
to

Air Defense Artillery
Air defense artillery is our first and final line of defense against aerial attack. Since World War I.
Before air defense was established men and women faced an airborne threat in a technology driven
ever changing world. This forced progression of military power brought a then need for air defense
artillery, which will come to be its own branch in later years. The need for our branch to combat a
constant threat is met by American soldiers that have been trained proficiently in their duties. This
branch has evolved to face every problem that has risen up to cause harm. Ranging from propelled
projectiles like mortars to fast movers. Air defense has answered with swift and deadly solutions.
Evolving with our enemy's motives, going from the 75–90mm ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Bliss Texas. Coming into 1950 The new concerns of air defense was no longer about establishing a
strong anti–aircraft artillery presence but combating new technologies such as jet propelled aircraft.
Due to the new mission set before air defense light AA battalions were sent to army divisions
following the Army's movements with AAA. They were tasked to help maneuvering forces
extinguish enemy ground units in the Korean War. Moving into the Vietnam War air defense played
dual roles, one as excellent ground soldiers and the other as Duster or Quad 50. operators firing
millions of rounds during the course of the war. As anti–aircraft artillery continuously grew, the
Army decided to separate them from the field artillery branch. Naming air defense artillery as their
own branch on July

Hamlet Asymmetrical Warfare Essay
Shakespeare in Hamlet wrote, "by indirection finds direction out." Although used in a different, the
quote directly relates to the principle of asymmetric warfare. Andrew J. Mack first used a name for
this tactic of war in his 1975 book, "Why Big Nations Lose Small Wars." Asymmetric simply means
that two sides are not the same. This type of warfare can be used between groups of people or
countries. Just like any war, the motivation can be economic, religious, or political. Asymmetrical
warfare is usually exemplified in long, drawn out wars, rather than short battles. More small groups
are turning to this idea, making "the world more uncertain, unstable, and difficult to anticipate."
(Grange)
Conventional wars, such as the Iran–Iraq ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Asymmetrical warfare is an umbrella term that describes the same type of manners. The modern
pirates of Malaysia, Nigeria, and Somalia use asymmetrical warfare tactics to carry out their
robberies. Admiral Arun Prakash also sees the similarities between land terrorist that demonstrate
this type of warfare and the rise of piracy in the twenty–first century. He claims "as things get hotter
for the terrorists on land...its quite logical that they will move seaward." Terrorism is defined as
"premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombat targets by subnational
groups or clandestine agents," according to the United States (Winn and Govern). The difference
right now between terrorists on land and on the sea is the amount of media recognition the land
terrorists receive compared to the pirates. The public is simply unaware of the maritime side of this
issue. Pirates demonstrate terrorism when the crews of innocent ships are killed so that the pirates
will not be caught and tried. The United States Transportation Security Administration even realizes
piracy is upon us because of their belief that the September 11th attacks could just as easily be done
through maritime means, rather than in air if a bomb pulls into a major harbor. Although pirates and
terrorists have separate motives, both demonstrate asymmetrical warfare and must be

Torpedoes Research Paper
Torpedoes can easily be considered one of the most significant modern inventions in maritime
history leading up to the advancements made during the late 1800s. The earliest torpedoes in today's
terms would be considered mines, as they were not self propelled, and existed in the early 1800s.
Adaptations of early sedentary torpedoes were used widely during the American Civil War, although
their significance in naval warfare was overshadowed by the emergence of steam engines and iron
armor on ships. Post Civil War, many advancements were made regarding rifling that led to the
invention of the self propelled torpedo. In World War I and World War II, torpedoes were the
weapon of choice in naval engagements. Torpedoes continued to be a threat ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
An inventor by the name of David Bushnell retrofitted a wooden barrel into a submersible, attached
with a smaller barrel containing a 150 lb charge of gunpowder (Thomas). The Turtle's task was a
discreet offensive mission attempting to blow a hole in the convoy of ships blockading the New
York harbor (Thomas). In the end, the Turtle was deemed unsuccessful and the project was
abandoned. Years later Robert Fulton, with the knowledge of Bushnell's work, saw the torpedo as
the opportunity to be a defensive weapon to "keep the seas safe for travel and comerce" (Cutcliffe
and Fabbri 879). Fulton's torpedo was an underwater mine that would be connected to the sea floor
by chain, where it would reside indefinitely. He struck some setbacks initially with the gunpowder
housing, as it was found it did not efficiently explode on impact in every instance (Branfill–Cook
13). In France during the year 1805, he conducted unsuccessful experiments with the French Navy
attempting to sink a ship anchored in the harbor using towed torpedoes (Cutcliffe and Fabbri 885).
Just before Fulton died at the age of forty–nine he composed the idea behind the spar torpedo, which
later became his legacy and the primary motivator for the creation of the CSS Hunley and its
attempted use of a spar torpedo during the American Civil War (Branfill–Cook

The German Defeat: The Battle Of Stalingrad
One of the leading causes of the german retreat, the battle of Stalingrad, drained the German will to
fight and caused the German retreat. The Germans, led by general Paulus, assembled 1,011,500
men, 10 thousand artillery guns, 675 tanks and 12 hundred planes. Hitler,the supreme leader of
Germany wanted the city for his own even though it strategically became unnecessary . This is
because of the city's name, Stalingrad. One of Hitler's greatest nemesis, Stalin, the leader of Soviet
Russia. This drove Hitler to push into the city with everything he had. Therefore, the Russians, led
by General Zhukou, found out about this great attack and amassed an army consisting of 1,000,500
men, 13 and a half thousand artillery guns, 890 tanks and 1,115 planes. The battle of Stalingrad is
remembered as one of the most brutal and violent battles of World War II. The Russians surrounded
the Germans inside the city, while blood spattered streets were taken in the day by ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Along the way, many Russian victories such as the battle of Kursk, led to the complete destruction
of the Axis eastern front. The battle of Kursk stood as a large turning point in the war. The Russians
caught wind of the German advance and emplaced 1.3million soldiers, 20thousand artillery guns, 36
hundred tanks, and 24 hundred planes, as well as placing over 400,000 miles. The Russians recruited
civilians to repair hundreds of miles of road and dug thousands of miles of trenches. The Germans
carefully planned their offensive using 2thousand planes, 2,700 tanks 900 thousand soldiers and 10
thousand artillery guns. One general said "No offensive was ever prepared as carefully as this one" –
General Mellenthin. The battle ended very poorly for the Germans with over 500,000 casualties and
two thirds of the German tanks destroyed. In conclusion, the battle of Kursk happened to be one of
the most brutal slaughters in World War

The On Base Tank Reported At Command Ops
Arriving on base Tank reported to Command Ops. They recalled him from leave for a mission in
Syria. From his platoon, the eight–man team selected consisted of sniper units also Arabic language
qualified people with Tank in command. They are going in by way of a HALO jump at night. At the
briefing, they learned they were going to support, the Northern Storm Brigade. They are an Islamist
FSA unit that controls an important border crossing between Syria and Turkey. There had been
deadly clashes between the Northern Storm Brigade and the Islāmic State of Iraq and the Levant
(ISIL) after the Jihadist group stormed their positions. Their mission was to light up specific ISIS
targets for Air Ops. The secondary was to kill or capture any and all insurgents. To carry out their
mission, their leave, the military cut short due to the requirements of the service. The C–130 wasn't
a second late, and they were airborne at 0300 hours. With a flying time of 15 hours, they would be
over the drop zone by 0100 hours Syrian time. Climbing to cruising altitude took a while. They had
lots of time for a last–minute check of the gear, so they settled in for the long flight. Closing in on
the drop zone, Brooks called out. "Lock and load." The last inspection of their chutes and harnesses
went off without a hitch. The aft door of the C–130 began to open. Every eye was on the jump light,
which would soon turn green. Every ear listened to the harnessed Jumpmaster standing near the
door. Moving closer,

The American Interests At Risk
Threat Assessment Analysis
The American interests at risk
Since the post–occupational period of Japan in 1952, United States troops and military bases
throughout the Okinawa Prefecture, and parts of mainland Japan, have been essential to assure peace
and stability within Japan as well as East–Asia. Located in the East China Sea,
Okinawa Prefecture is Japan's southernmost prefecture, comprised of 160 islands of which 50 are
inhabited by ~1.5 million residents. The island of Okinawa is 68 miles long and 19 miles wide.
The geostrategic location of Okinawa makes it the favored location to stage United States military
bases to reassure Japanese security as well as provide a platform for United States force projection
in Asia. Located ~454 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Intent
Over the last decade, the People's Republic of China have taken an aggressive military approach to
reclaim the Senkaku Islands from the Japanese.
In 1971, the PRC claimed the Senkaku Islands, colloquially known in China as the Diaoyus,
In 2003, Chinese officials initiated a territorial dispute with the Japanese government questioning
the sovereignty over the Ryukyu Islands. The territorial dispute was first announced in the
communist party newspaper, the People's Daily, where Li Guoqiang and Zhang Haipeng, prominent
academics at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, challenged the Japanese sovereignty over the
Ryukyu Islands, most notably Okinawa. Specifically, Guoqiang and Haipeng argued that the Ryukyu
Islands had previously been a Chinese vassal state, that had been conquered by the Japanese Empire
due to the Qing Dynasty's inferior military capabilities and are therefore the inherent territory of the
PRC. Similarly, this sentiment was echoed by Luo Yuan, a Lieutenant General in the People's
Liberation Army, stating that the Ryukyu Kingdom had paid tribute to the Chinese empire in 1372,
half a millennium before they were annexed by the Japanese government.
In 2016, the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) announced that it would organize regular
exercises throughout the western Pacific, including the Ryukyu

The Shape of the American Military, Technology, Culture Essay
Technology and the American Way of War Since 1945 covers in detail a wide range of weapons
systems, technologies, and other equipment developed by the United States Military. Naturally, a
significant amount of Mahnken's book places a heavy emphasis on technologies and systems
developed during the Cold War. The book could almost be examined as a complete history of the
development of military technology during that period, however, the author has a much more
significant purpose for his work than to just educate the reader on military history. Mahnken says,
"This book is about the interaction of technology and culture in the context of the strategic
environment. It argues that technology both shaped and was shaped by the culture of the U.S. ...
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Two, it put no personnel in immediate danger (Mahnken, loc. 330–340).
Another question is whether or not nuclear weapons had revolutionized warfare and the use of
ground forces. Mahnken writes that "The advent of nuclear weapons and strategic air power
appeared to call into question the utility of traditional ground forces" (Mahnken, loc. 665). While
nuclear weapons were certainly an advantage in warfare, not every situation is going to call for the
use of a nuclear weapon. History has shown that even in the most recent of conflicts, militaries
continue to rely on ground forces. Perhaps the advancement of aircraft and their technologies have
been much more crucial to the changes in modern–day militaries and how they fight wars.
However, history has shown that even recent conflicts continue to rely on ground forces to some
extent. The use of air power may have taken over, but nuclear advancements seem to be of little
consequence today. Air bombings and the use of "smart" weapons has dramatically increased, but
troops still hit the ground.
As previously stated, Mahnken proposes that technology is not only shaped by culture, but that
technology itself shapes culture. Changes in higher education prove him to be right. By the early
70's there were over 10,000 engineers employed in the aerospace industry (Mahnken, loc. 788).
Major Course Themes
Like Keegan, Mahnken believes culture and society will help shape technology. In his book's

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