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- 1. THE ULTIMATE PHRASAL VERB BOOK Contents.......................................................................................................................................................................................8 TO THE TEACHER..................................................................................................................................................................9 TO THE STUDENT.................................................................................................................................................................10 1. FOCUS ON: separable and nonseparable phrasal verbs.................................................................................................12 come from.......................................................................................................................................................................12 figure out........................................................................................................................................................................13 give back.........................................................................................................................................................................13 look for...........................................................................................................................................................................13 put on..............................................................................................................................................................................13 run into...........................................................................................................................................................................14 show up...........................................................................................................................................................................14 take off............................................................................................................................................................................15 2. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and do, does, and did.............................................................................................................19 come off..........................................................................................................................................................................20 doze off...........................................................................................................................................................................21 fall for.............................................................................................................................................................................21 give in.............................................................................................................................................................................21 hear about.......................................................................................................................................................................21 pull through....................................................................................................................................................................21 stay off............................................................................................................................................................................22 throw up..........................................................................................................................................................................22 3. FOCUS ON: three-word phrasal verbs..............................................................................................................................25 feel up to.........................................................................................................................................................................25 get over with...................................................................................................................................................................25 go along with..................................................................................................................................................................25 go in for..........................................................................................................................................................................26 look forward to...............................................................................................................................................................26 put up with......................................................................................................................................................................26 screw out of....................................................................................................................................................................26 talk down to....................................................................................................................................................................26 4. FOCUS ON: present and past continuous phrasal verbs.................................................................................................29 cheat on...........................................................................................................................................................................29 go after............................................................................................................................................................................29 look up............................................................................................................................................................................30 pay for.............................................................................................................................................................................30 plan for...........................................................................................................................................................................31 point to............................................................................................................................................................................31 put to...............................................................................................................................................................................31 wrap up...........................................................................................................................................................................32 5. FOCUS ON: pronunciation of two-word phrasal verbs...................................................................................................35 break down.....................................................................................................................................................................35 burn down.......................................................................................................................................................................37 call in..............................................................................................................................................................................37 find out...........................................................................................................................................................................37 hand back........................................................................................................................................................................37 look at.............................................................................................................................................................................38 setup................................................................................................................................................................................38 6. FOCUS ON: pronunciation of three-word phrasal verbs................................................................................................43 boil down to....................................................................................................................................................................43 come down with.............................................................................................................................................................43 come up with..................................................................................................................................................................44 get around to...................................................................................................................................................................44 get out of.........................................................................................................................................................................44 go back on......................................................................................................................................................................44 go through with..............................................................................................................................................................45 monkey around with.......................................................................................................................................................45 7. FOCUS ON: separable phrasal verbs with long objects...................................................................................................48 cut up..............................................................................................................................................................................48
- 2. hold up............................................................................................................................................................................49 let out..............................................................................................................................................................................49 point out..........................................................................................................................................................................50 run over...........................................................................................................................................................................50 see about.........................................................................................................................................................................51 take apart........................................................................................................................................................................51 take in.............................................................................................................................................................................51 8. FOCUS ON: present perfect phrasal verbs.......................................................................................................................57 burn out...........................................................................................................................................................................57 fall over...........................................................................................................................................................................58 fight back........................................................................................................................................................................58 hear of.............................................................................................................................................................................59 pick out...........................................................................................................................................................................59 tear down........................................................................................................................................................................59 work in............................................................................................................................................................................60 9. FOCUS ON: two-word phrasal verbs that require an additional particle when used with an object, 1.....................64 break out.........................................................................................................................................................................65 catch up...........................................................................................................................................................................65 chicken out.....................................................................................................................................................................66 get along.........................................................................................................................................................................66 give up............................................................................................................................................................................66 hang up...........................................................................................................................................................................66 hook up...........................................................................................................................................................................67 work up...........................................................................................................................................................................67 10. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs used as nouns, 1...................................................................................................................72 fall off.............................................................................................................................................................................72 fill in...............................................................................................................................................................................73 go ahead..........................................................................................................................................................................73 grow up...........................................................................................................................................................................74 hand out..........................................................................................................................................................................74 kick back.........................................................................................................................................................................75 lay off.............................................................................................................................................................................75 screw up..........................................................................................................................................................................76 11. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs used in compound nouns.....................................................................................................81 backup............................................................................................................................................................................82 cut off.............................................................................................................................................................................83 drop off...........................................................................................................................................................................84 follow up.........................................................................................................................................................................85 take out...........................................................................................................................................................................85 try out.............................................................................................................................................................................86 wake up...........................................................................................................................................................................87 work out..........................................................................................................................................................................87 12. FOCUS ON: past perfect phrasal verbs...........................................................................................................................94 back off...........................................................................................................................................................................94 come across....................................................................................................................................................................95 come up..........................................................................................................................................................................95 fall through....................................................................................................................................................................96 put out.............................................................................................................................................................................96 screw on..........................................................................................................................................................................97 sign in.............................................................................................................................................................................97 sign out...........................................................................................................................................................................97 13. FOCUS ON: passive phrasal verbs, 1.............................................................................................................................102 call off...........................................................................................................................................................................102 dose off.........................................................................................................................................................................102 hand in..........................................................................................................................................................................103 let off............................................................................................................................................................................104 light up..........................................................................................................................................................................104 track down....................................................................................................................................................................105 14. FOCUS ON: participle adjectives formed from phrasal verbs, 1................................................................................109 butt in............................................................................................................................................................................110 dress up.........................................................................................................................................................................110 dry up............................................................................................................................................................................110 fill out...........................................................................................................................................................................111 put away.......................................................................................................................................................................111 stick up.........................................................................................................................................................................111
- 3. use up............................................................................................................................................................................112 15. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and will or be going to.......................................................................................................118 blow away.....................................................................................................................................................................119 come through................................................................................................................................................................119 dry out...........................................................................................................................................................................120 fix up.............................................................................................................................................................................120 go with..........................................................................................................................................................................121 head back......................................................................................................................................................................122 tell on............................................................................................................................................................................123 16. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with gerund objects, 1.......................................................................................................127 believe in......................................................................................................................................................................127 carry on.........................................................................................................................................................................128 count on........................................................................................................................................................................128 get through....................................................................................................................................................................129 go for............................................................................................................................................................................130 hold off.........................................................................................................................................................................130 put past.........................................................................................................................................................................130 think about....................................................................................................................................................................131 17. FOCUS ON: adverbs and phrasal verbs........................................................................................................................136 come over.....................................................................................................................................................................137 get back at.....................................................................................................................................................................137 go about........................................................................................................................................................................138 grow out of...................................................................................................................................................................138 rip up.............................................................................................................................................................................138 wear down....................................................................................................................................................................139 18. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and can, could, will, and would........................................................................................144 breakthrough.................................................................................................................................................................145 figure on.......................................................................................................................................................................145 get off...........................................................................................................................................................................146 go beyond.....................................................................................................................................................................147 lift upon........................................................................................................................................................................147 line up...........................................................................................................................................................................147 stand around.................................................................................................................................................................148 tell apart........................................................................................................................................................................148 19. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and the adverb right..........................................................................................................152 aim at............................................................................................................................................................................152 bring back.....................................................................................................................................................................153 bring over.....................................................................................................................................................................153 cool off.........................................................................................................................................................................153 go back.........................................................................................................................................................................154 hand over......................................................................................................................................................................154 pull over........................................................................................................................................................................154 warm up........................................................................................................................................................................155 20. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs followed by the -ing form..................................................................................................160 end up...........................................................................................................................................................................160 go around......................................................................................................................................................................160 Go off...........................................................................................................................................................................162 hang around..................................................................................................................................................................163 lie around......................................................................................................................................................................164 start out.........................................................................................................................................................................164 stay up...........................................................................................................................................................................164 21. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and should and ought to....................................................................................................169 look around...................................................................................................................................................................170 look over.......................................................................................................................................................................170 pick on..........................................................................................................................................................................170 settle down....................................................................................................................................................................171 step on...........................................................................................................................................................................171 take out on....................................................................................................................................................................171 think ahead...................................................................................................................................................................172 zip up............................................................................................................................................................................172 22. FOCUS ON: the particle up and the adverbs right and all..........................................................................................176 burn up..........................................................................................................................................................................177 clear up ........................................................................................................................................................................177 count up........................................................................................................................................................................178
- 4. eat up............................................................................................................................................................................178 heat up..........................................................................................................................................................................178 pay up...........................................................................................................................................................................178 plug up..........................................................................................................................................................................179 wipe up.........................................................................................................................................................................179 23. FOCUS ON: two-word phrasal verbs that require an additional particle when used with an object, 2.................183 crack down...................................................................................................................................................................183 cut down.......................................................................................................................................................................183 drop out.........................................................................................................................................................................185 get away........................................................................................................................................................................185 hold out.........................................................................................................................................................................186 make up........................................................................................................................................................................186 stay out.........................................................................................................................................................................188 watch out......................................................................................................................................................................188 24. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs used as nouns, 2.................................................................................................................192 come down...................................................................................................................................................................192 Let up............................................................................................................................................................................193 print out ....................................................................193 show off........................................................................................................................................................................194 slow down.....................................................................................................................................................................194 stop over.......................................................................................................................................................................195 trade in..........................................................................................................................................................................195 25. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and have to, have got to, and must...................................................................................200 do with .......................................................................................................................................................................201 have on.........................................................................................................................................................................201 hurry up........................................................................................................................................................................202 knock over....................................................................................................................................................................202 lighten up......................................................................................................................................................................202 plan ahead.....................................................................................................................................................................202 settle for........................................................................................................................................................................203 think up.........................................................................................................................................................................203 26. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and the adverb back..........................................................................................................206 get together...................................................................................................................................................................206 go over..........................................................................................................................................................................207 go up.............................................................................................................................................................................208 let in on.........................................................................................................................................................................208 open up.........................................................................................................................................................................209 put together...................................................................................................................................................................209 shut off..........................................................................................................................................................................209 start up..........................................................................................................................................................................210 27. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with the particle off and the adverb right.......................................................................214 bite off..........................................................................................................................................................................215 break off.......................................................................................................................................................................215 dry off...........................................................................................................................................................................215 knock off.......................................................................................................................................................................216 tear off..........................................................................................................................................................................216 wash off........................................................................................................................................................................216 wear off.........................................................................................................................................................................217 wipe off.........................................................................................................................................................................217 28. FOCUS ON: passive phrasal verbs, 2.............................................................................................................................222 beef up..........................................................................................................................................................................222 break up........................................................................................................................................................................222 call back........................................................................................................................................................................223 call up...........................................................................................................................................................................223 carry out........................................................................................................................................................................223 give away......................................................................................................................................................................224 mess up.........................................................................................................................................................................224 stand up.........................................................................................................................................................................225 29. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and might, may, and can...................................................................................................229 ask for...........................................................................................................................................................................229 come apart....................................................................................................................................................................230 drop in...........................................................................................................................................................................230 flip out..........................................................................................................................................................................230 look out.........................................................................................................................................................................230 luck out.........................................................................................................................................................................230
- 5. make out.......................................................................................................................................................................231 run across......................................................................................................................................................................231 30. FOCUS ON: participle adjectives formed from phrasal verbs, 2................................................................................235 lock in...........................................................................................................................................................................236 Lock out........................................................................................................................................................................236 punch in........................................................................................................................................................................237 put out...........................................................................................................................................................................237 sort out..........................................................................................................................................................................238 space out.......................................................................................................................................................................239 wash up.........................................................................................................................................................................239 31. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and gerund subjects..........................................................................................................245 care for..........................................................................................................................................................................245 cut out...........................................................................................................................................................................246 do away with................................................................................................................................................................246 do without.....................................................................................................................................................................247 look into........................................................................................................................................................................247 plan on..........................................................................................................................................................................247 put off...........................................................................................................................................................................247 rule out..........................................................................................................................................................................248 32. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with the particle out..........................................................................................................251 clean out.......................................................................................................................................................................252 clear out........................................................................................................................................................................253 come out.......................................................................................................................................................................253 empty out......................................................................................................................................................................255 fall out...........................................................................................................................................................................255 go out............................................................................................................................................................................255 leave out.......................................................................................................................................................................256 stick out........................................................................................................................................................................256 33. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and midsentence adverbs..................................................................................................262 blow up.........................................................................................................................................................................263 catch on.........................................................................................................................................................................263 come about...................................................................................................................................................................264 fall behind.....................................................................................................................................................................264 goof around...................................................................................................................................................................264 help out.........................................................................................................................................................................265 know about...................................................................................................................................................................265 pull off..........................................................................................................................................................................265 34. FOCUS ON: pronunciation of two-and three-word phrasal verbs, 2.........................................................................269 do over..........................................................................................................................................................................269 float around...................................................................................................................................................................270 lead up to......................................................................................................................................................................270 put up to........................................................................................................................................................................270 stand for........................................................................................................................................................................270 stick around..................................................................................................................................................................271 stick to..........................................................................................................................................................................271 take back.......................................................................................................................................................................272 35. FOCUS ON: gerund phrasal verbs.................................................................................................................................276 fool around...................................................................................................................................................................277 go by.............................................................................................................................................................................277 hold against...................................................................................................................................................................278 leave behind..................................................................................................................................................................278 live with........................................................................................................................................................................278 make of.........................................................................................................................................................................279 narrow down.................................................................................................................................................................279 trick into.......................................................................................................................................................................279 36. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with the particle down.......................................................................................................283 back down.....................................................................................................................................................................283 calm down....................................................................................................................................................................284 fall down.......................................................................................................................................................................284 go down........................................................................................................................................................................284 lay down.......................................................................................................................................................................285 put down.......................................................................................................................................................................285 run down.......................................................................................................................................................................286 sit down........................................................................................................................................................................287
- 6. 37. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs used as nouns, 3.................................................................................................................292 brush off.......................................................................................................................................................................292 come on........................................................................................................................................................................293 cover up........................................................................................................................................................................294 hang out........................................................................................................................................................................294 leave over left over.......................................................................................................................................................294 Let down.......................................................................................................................................................................295 talk to............................................................................................................................................................................296 38. FOCUS ON: the verb keep and adverbs and adverbials showing degrees of variability..........................................301 keep at...........................................................................................................................................................................302 keep away.....................................................................................................................................................................302 keep down.....................................................................................................................................................................302 keep from......................................................................................................................................................................303 keep off.........................................................................................................................................................................303 keep on.........................................................................................................................................................................303 keep to..........................................................................................................................................................................304 keep up.........................................................................................................................................................................304 39. FOCUS ON: passive phrasal verbs, 3.............................................................................................................................308 chop up.........................................................................................................................................................................309 cross off........................................................................................................................................................................309 fill up............................................................................................................................................................................309 pick up..........................................................................................................................................................................310 sell out..........................................................................................................................................................................311 straighten out................................................................................................................................................................312 take over.......................................................................................................................................................................312 wipe out........................................................................................................................................................................313 40. FOCUS ON: gerund phrasal verbs vs. phrasal verbs followed by the -ing form.......................................................319 -ing form.............................................................................................................................................................................319 gerund................................................................................................................................................................................319 blow off........................................................................................................................................................................319 burst out........................................................................................................................................................................320 come back.....................................................................................................................................................................320 get off on......................................................................................................................................................................321 go away.........................................................................................................................................................................321 run around.....................................................................................................................................................................321 stick with......................................................................................................................................................................322 41. FOCUS ON: two-word phrasal verbs with the particle in that require into when used with an object..................326 break in.........................................................................................................................................................................327 Check out......................................................................................................................................................................328 go in..............................................................................................................................................................................329 let in..............................................................................................................................................................................329 plug in...........................................................................................................................................................................329 sneak in.........................................................................................................................................................................330 sneak out.......................................................................................................................................................................330 42. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with get, 1...........................................................................................................................334 get back.........................................................................................................................................................................334 get behind.....................................................................................................................................................................335 get down.......................................................................................................................................................................336 get in.............................................................................................................................................................................336 get out...........................................................................................................................................................................337 get over.........................................................................................................................................................................338 get up............................................................................................................................................................................339 43. FOCUS ON: modals and present perfect phrasal verbs...............................................................................................343 blow out........................................................................................................................................................................344 give out.........................................................................................................................................................................345 gross out.......................................................................................................................................................................345 run up............................................................................................................................................................................345 shut up..........................................................................................................................................................................346 stop off..........................................................................................................................................................................346 try on.............................................................................................................................................................................346 44. FOCUS ON: participle adjectives and passive phrasal verbs with the verb get........................................................352 beat up..........................................................................................................................................................................353 mix up...........................................................................................................................................................................354 piss off..........................................................................................................................................................................355
- 7. rip off............................................................................................................................................................................355 45. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with the verb turn..............................................................................................................360 turn down......................................................................................................................................................................360 turn in...........................................................................................................................................................................360 turn into........................................................................................................................................................................361 turn off..........................................................................................................................................................................361 turn on...........................................................................................................................................................................362 turn out.........................................................................................................................................................................363 turn over.......................................................................................................................................................................364 turn up...........................................................................................................................................................................365 46. FOCUS ON: pronunciation of phrasal verbs with the particle into............................................................................370 build in..........................................................................................................................................................................370 bump into......................................................................................................................................................................370 con into.........................................................................................................................................................................371 con out of......................................................................................................................................................................371 freak out........................................................................................................................................................................371 make for........................................................................................................................................................................371 talk into.........................................................................................................................................................................371 talk out of......................................................................................................................................................................372 47. FOCUS ON: particles used without verbs.....................................................................................................................376 brush up........................................................................................................................................................................376 come in.........................................................................................................................................................................377 cut back.........................................................................................................................................................................377 move in.........................................................................................................................................................................378 move out.......................................................................................................................................................................378 pull out..........................................................................................................................................................................379 put in.............................................................................................................................................................................379 run out...........................................................................................................................................................................380 48. FOCUS ON: modals and present perfect passive phrasal verbs.................................................................................384 close down....................................................................................................................................................................385 knock out......................................................................................................................................................................385 look down on................................................................................................................................................................386 look up to......................................................................................................................................................................386 put back........................................................................................................................................................................386 switch off......................................................................................................................................................................387 throw out.......................................................................................................................................................................387 49. FOCUS ON: combinations of get, right, back, and to..................................................................................................392 dog up...........................................................................................................................................................................395 get ahead.......................................................................................................................................................................395 get back to....................................................................................................................................................................395 get on............................................................................................................................................................................395 get to.............................................................................................................................................................................396 hang on.........................................................................................................................................................................397 start off.........................................................................................................................................................................397 throw away...................................................................................................................................................................397 50. FOCUS ON: Keep at it!...................................................................................................................................................402 ask out...........................................................................................................................................................................402 come down to...............................................................................................................................................................402 deal with.......................................................................................................................................................................402 hold on..........................................................................................................................................................................403 pay back........................................................................................................................................................................403 take up on.....................................................................................................................................................................403 turn around...................................................................................................................................................................403 wear out........................................................................................................................................................................404 Answers...................................................................................................................................................................................410 Index........................................................................................................................................................................................432
- 8. Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS 25. Phrasal Verbs and have to, have got to, and must / 188 To the Teacher / iv iii 26. Phrasal Verbs and the Adverb bade / 194 To the Student / v 27. Phrasal Verbs with the Particle off and the 1. Separable and Nonseparable Phrasal Adverb right I 202 Verbs / 1 28. Passive Phrasal Verbs, 2 / 210 29. Phrasal Verbs and might, may, and can /217 2. Phrasal Verbs and do, does, and did / 8 30. Participle Adjectives Formed 3. Three-Word Phrasal Verbs / 14 from Phrasal Verbs, 2 / 223 31. Phrasal Verbs and Gerund Subjects / 233 4. Present and Past Continuous Phrasal 32. Phrasal Verbs with the Particle our / 239 Verbs / 18 33. Phrasal Verbs and 5. Pronunciation of Two-Word Phrasal Midsentence Adverbs / 250 34. Verbs / 24 Pronunciation of Two- and Three- 6. Pronunciation of Three-Word Phrasal Word Phrasal Verbs, 2 / 257 Verbs / 32 35. Gerund Phrasal Verbs / 264 36. Phrasal Verbs with the Particle down / 271 7. Separable Phrasal Verbs with Long 37. Phrasal Verbs Used as Nouns, 3 / 280 Objects / 37 38. The Verb keep and Adverbs and Adverbials 8. Present Perfect Phrasal Verbs / 46 Showing Degrees of Variability / 289 9. Two-Word Phrasal Verbs That Require an 39. Passive Phrasal Verbs, 3 / 296 40. Gerund Phrasal Verbs vs. Phrasal Additional Particle When Used with an Verbs Followed by the -ing Form / 307 Object, 1 / 53 41. Two-Word Phrasal Verbs with the Particle in 10. Phrasal Verbs Used as Nouns, 1 / 61 That Require into When Used with an Object / 11. Phrasal Verbs Used in Compound Nouns / 314 70 42. Phrasal Verbs with get, 1 / 322 43. Modals and Present Perfect 12. Past Perfect Phrasal Verbs / 83 Phrasal Verbs / 331 13. Passive Phrasal Verbs, 1 / 91 44. Participle Adjectives and Passive Phrasal 14. Participle Adjectives Formed from Phrasal Verbs with the Verb get I 340 Verbs, 1 / 98 45. Phrasal Verbs with the Verb rum / 348 15. Phrasal Verbs and will or be going to /107 46. Pronunciation of Phrasal Verbs with the Particle into / 358 16. Phrasal Verbs with Gerund Objects, 1 / 116 47. Particles Used Without Verbs / 364 17. Adverbs and Phrasal Verbs / 125 48. Modals and Present Perfect 18. Phrasal Verbs and can, could, will, Passive Phrasal Verbs / 372 and would / 133 49. Combinations of get, right, back, and tо / 380 19. Phrasal Verbs and the Adverb right 50. Keep at It! / 390 I 141 Answers to Exercises / 398 20. Phrasal Verbs Followed by the -ing Form / 149 Index / 410 21. Phrasal Verbs and should and ought to 158 22. The Particle up and the Adverbs right and all I 165 23. Two-Word Phrasal Verbs That Require an Additional Particle When Used with an Object, 2 / 172 24. Phrasal Verbs Used as Nouns, 2 / 180
- 9. TO THE TEACHER The inspiration for The Ultimate Phrasal Verb Book came about when a student asked me for a textbook to help her learn the meanings of common phrasal verbs. I had nothing to offer. The only textbook focusing on common verbs that I could give her contains not one phrasal verb — it teaches arise but not get up, awake but not wake up, seek but not look for. Phrasal verbs are verbs, not idiomatic curiosities. There is no logic to classifying take over with take the bull by the horns. Phrasal verbs are an essential part of spoken and written English at all levels, and no student who hopes to master the language can afford to overlook them. Although this textbook is intended primarily for high-intermediate to advanced students, ambitious students at lower levels will benefit from it as well. Only some FOCUS sections may prove to be a little beyond them; otherwise, there is nothing to prevent any student from studying the definitions and examples and attempting the exercises. A vocabulary textbook should provide mechanics as well as meaning. Students want to know more than what a word means — they want to know how to use it correctly. The importance of mechanics is the reason for the emphasis on the prepositions required when some phrasal verbs are used transitively and for the inclusion of reviews of points of grammar not specific to phrasal verbs. Prepositions are the glue that holds English together, but many students falter when using newly learned verbs because they do not know that a preposition is also required, or if they do, which one. This aspect of English is not given the attention it deserves because it is difficult to teach — there are no rules that govern when a preposition, or which preposition, is required, and no teacher likes to say "You just have to remember." The hope of the latter feature, the discussion of points of grammar not specific to phrasal verbs, is that combining practice with phrasal verbs and practice with a variety of grammatical structures will increase not only the student's confidence in the knowledge of phrasal verbs but also his or her willingness and ability to use them in a wider range of situations. There is inevitably a degree of oversimplification. That phrasal verb particles are sometimes prepositions and sometimes adverbs is mentioned only once. No purpose is served by differentiating between them, and the overlap between the two is confusing to the student. Phrasal verbs are not identified as transitive or intransitive because this is dictated by logic. Less common meanings of some phrasal verbs have not been included. Adverb placement is presented and illustrated in simplified form without discussion of the different types of adverbs — doing so would have gone beyond the scope of this textbook. iv
- 10. THE ULTIMATE PHRASAL VERB BOOK Student And no differentiation is made between recognized adjectives derived from past participles and past participles with adjectival meaning. The adjectival use of past participles (both phrasal and nonphrasal) is an extremely important aspect of spoken English — something every student of English should be familiar with — yet the dividing line between true adjectives derived from past participles and passive sentences employing past participles with adjectival meanings is ill-defined and problematic. Native speakers of English regularly use past participles in superficially passive sentences with purely adjectival meaning. Whether the past participles are verbs or actually adjectives is of no concern to the native speaker and is entirely irrelevant to the student of English. Rather than distract the student with an unnecessary element of confusion, both are referred to as participle adjectives throughout this textbook. The exercises in this textbook are intended to reinforce meaning and mechanics. A cloze exercise always comes first, followed by exercises focusing on sentence structure and the FOCUS discussion. Last are exercises that ask the student to answer questions or write original sentences. There is a good deal of review built into this textbook. Every section contains two or more exercises requiring the student to refer back to a previous section in order to review a phrasal verb, participle adjective, or noun. When a phrasal verb has two or more meanings, it is intentional that no help is provided to the student in determining which meaning applies; students have to review them all and figure it out for themselves. I have tried in this textbook to imitate the form and content of everyday English. If occasionally the register and subject matter of some examples and exercises seem not quite right for formal discourse, that is deliberate. Students need to learn formal English, of course, but since most people speak informally most of the time, students need to gain familiarity with the syntax, usage, and content of the informal English they read and hear every day at work, at school, at home, and on television. TO THE STUDENT Phrasal verbs are combinations of ordinary verbs like put, take, come, and go and particles like in, out, on, and off. They are a very important part of everyday English. Every student of English needs a basic understanding of the most common phrasal verbs and also of common nouns and adjectives made from phrasal verbs. Most phrasal verbs are nor informal, slang, or improper for educated speech or formal writing. Exactly the opposite is true — most phrasal verbs are acceptable at all levels of spoken or written English. In fact, for many of the phrasal verbs in this textbook, there is no alternative to the phrasal verb — there is no other way to say it. v
- 11. However, a few phrasal verbs in this textbook are identified as informal, and it is better not to use them in serious, formal speech or writing. But these informal phrasal verbs are important because they are very common in everyday informal speech and writing. Some phrasal verbs are very easy to understand. For example, it is not difficult to understand sit down or come in because their meanings are obvious. But many phrasal verbs are very idiomatic. Idiomatic means that there is no way to know what the verb and particle mean together by knowing what the verb and particle mean separately. For example, every beginning-level student learns what the words call, run, off, and out mean, but that does not help the student to know that call off means cancel or that run out means use all of something. Each section of this textbook starts with a FOCUS, an explanation of something important about phrasal verbs. Then eight phrasal verbs and an explanation of each important meaning of each one are presented along with one or more example sentences for each meaning. Following that are several exercises to help you understand and remember what the phrasal verbs mean and how to use them in a sentence. And like real conversation, questions asked with I or we are answered with you, and questions asked with you are answered with / or we. And because there is a lot to learn in this textbook, there is a lot of review to help you learn it. Every phrasal verb is reviewed at least twice later in the book. The more idiomatic phrasal verbs are reviewed more often, and the more important meanings of phrasal verbs with several meanings are reviewed more often. Terms, Abbreviations, and Symbols Used in this Textbook verb Verb refers to the verb part of a phrasal verb. In other words, the phrasal verb minus the particle. In the phrasal verb pull over, pull is the verb and over is the particle. particle The adverbs and prepositions in phrasal verbs are both called particles in this book. Many particles are adverbs and prepositions, and it can be very difficult and confusing to figure out if a particle in a particular phrasal verb is one or the other. Fortunately, this is almost never important to the student, so it is a lot easier to simply call them both particles. p.v. phrasal verb n. a noun made from a phrasal verb part.adj. participle adjective — a past participle of a phrasal verb used as an adjective put on it. When words or sentences have a line through them, it means that they are incorrect. ... Three dots between the verb and the particle mean that the object of the phrasal verb can be placed between the verb and the particle. vi
- 12. 1. FOCUS ON: separable and nonseparable phrasal verbs Phrasal verbs are either separable or nonseparable. Unfortunately, there is no rule that will help you to look at a phrasal verb and always know whether it is separable or nonseparable. Separable phrasal verbs Separable phrasal verbs can be separated by their object. When the object is a noun, it is usually entirely optional whether the object is placed between the verb and the particle or placed after the particle. Both sentences below are correct: I took my shoes off. I took off my shoes. However, when a pronoun is used instead of a noun, the pronoun must be placed between the verb and the particle: I took them off. I took off them. But in one type of sentence, separable phrasal verbs must be separated — when the phrasal verb has two objects: She put a blanket on. She put on a blanket. She put a blanket on the bed. She put on a blanket the bed. Nonseparable phrasal verbs Nonseparable phrasal verbs cannot be separated by their object: He ran into a tree. He ran a tree into. Throughout this book, phrasal verbs that can be separated have three dots (...) between the verb and the particle. Infinitive_____________________________________________ present tense -ing form past tense past participle come from come from & comes from coming from came from come from 1. come from p.v. When you come from a place, you were born there or lived there previously. When you come from a family or a social situation, your past experience helps to explain your present attitudes and behavior. Mike comes from Alaska, so he's used to cold weather. Jane had a difficult childhood. She came from a broken home. 1
- 13. 2. come from p.v. When something comes from a source, that is where it originated. The word "admiral" comes from an Arabic word. The mechanic heard a strange sound coming from the engine. Infinitive present tense -ing form past tense past participle figure out figure out & figures out figuring out figured out figured out 1. figure ... out p.v. [the object can be a noun or a noun clause] When you figure out something, such as the answer to a question, the solution to a problem, or why a person is a certain way or acts a certain way, you think about and succeed in understanding it. Joe's so hostile all the time. I can't figure him out. I looked everywhere for my keys, but I couldn't figure out where I put them. give back give back & gives back giving back gave back given back 1. give ... back (to) p.v. When you return something to someone, you give it back. Can I use your pen? I'll give it back after the test. Timmy, give that toy back to your sister right now! look for look for & looks for looking for looked for looked for 1. look for p.v. When you look for things or people, you try to find them. / looked for you at the party, but I didn't see you. Excuse me, can you help me? I'm looking for 303 Main St. put on put on & puts on putting on put on put on 1. put... on p.v. When you place something on or apply something to your body, you put it on. I put on my new dress before going to the party. Eric forgot to put suntan lotion on, and now he's as red as a lobster. 2. put... on p.v. When you place something on or apply something to another surface, you put it on. I put the book on the table. Jerry put too much fertilizer on his lawn, and now he has to cut it twice a week. 3. put... on p.v. When you attach or affix something to another thing, you put it on. The Wilson’s put a new roof on their house last year. I told the tailor to put red buttons on the dress he's making for me. 4. put... on p.v. When you put on weight, you gain weight.
- 14. THE ULTIMATE PHRASAL VERB BOOK Did you see Mike? He's put on so much weight that I didn't recognize him. I need to go on a diet. I've been putting on a lot of weight lately. 5. put ...on p.v. When you organize or perform something for other people's entertainment, such as a play or a concert, you put it on. The club put on a show to raise money for the party. That opera hasn't been put on in more than 200 years. 6. put.. .on p.v. [informal] When you put people on, you kid or tease them. You won the lottery? You're putting me on! Don't put me on — tell me the truth. put-on n. Something done with the intention of fooling or deceiving people is a put-on. He didn't really win the lottery. It was all a big put-on to impress his girlfriend. Infinitive present tense -ing form past tense past participle run into run into & runs into running into ran into run into 1. run into p.v. When you are driving and hit another vehicle or something near the road, such as a tree or a telephone pole, you run into it. Ali was driving too fast, and he ran into a telephone pole. I was run into by a drunk driver. 2. run into p.v. When you meet people unexpectedly or unintentionally, you run into them. Bump into is the same as run into. We ran into Karen and her new boyfriend at the supermarket yesterday. I owe Frank $300, so I hope I don't run into him. 3. run into p.v. When you unexpectedly encounter difficulties or problems, you run into them. / thought it would be easy to fix my car, but I've been running into problems. Janice ran into one problem after another at work today. 4. run into p.v. When the total of something grows to a large amount or number, it runs into that amount or number. If you fixed everything on that old car that needs fixing, it would run into thousands of dollars. The number of starving people in the country ran into millions. show up show up & shows up showing up showed up shown up 1. show up p.v. When you appear somewhere, you show up. Turn up is similar to show up. / was supposed to meet my sister for lunch, but she hasn't shown up yet. Over a hundred people showed up for the news conference. 2. show up p.v. When something appears or becomes visible, it shows up. It's hard to photograph polar bears because they don't show up well against the snow. The spots won't show up until the last stages of the disease. Infinitive present tense -ing form past tense past participle