Your report should be 5-7 pages in length. You will continue the report that you started in Activity 5.  Incorporate any feedback that you received from other course assignments.  In addition to the tests you have already interpreted (WAIS-IV, WRAT4, and MMPI-2)  you will also add your interpretation of the PAI and the WHODAS .  As before, your report will include a reason for referral (may be fictitious), discussion of the test results from the WAIS IV, WRAT 4, MMPI-2, and PAI,  a brief discussion of the WHODAS 2.0, diagnostic impressions, summary and recommendations,  based on findings that refer to the referral question(s).  A description of the content for each of the main sections of your report follows: Identification and Referral ·         Client’s name, age, marital status, ethnicity, gender. ·         Describe the setting, including where the testing took place, how the client travelled there (or if you went to the client’s home). ·         Reason for testing at this time, including the referral source (can be a self-referral or a fictitious referrer) and the information sought by the referrer. ·         Presenting problems and symptoms.  There should be one or more referral questions to be answered by your assessment.  These questions will be answered in your “Recommendations” section and the answers should flow logically from your findings.   Some common referral questions for psychological testing include: ·         Mental health diagnosis and treatment or management recommendations. ·         Disability determination – whether the client is able to work and limitations. ·         Vocational/educational assessment – what kind of work would be a good fit for the client’s abilities. ·         Learning disability assessment – is a learning disability present and what sort of limitations and accommodations are appropriate. History Preface your history by indicating the source (such as client’s report or family report). Family History.   Include information about current family, current living situation and family of origin.  Educational and Vocational History .  Level of education completed, high school and college grades, any history of special education, expulsions and suspensions, occupation and jobs held, last worked, reason for any dismissals, longest time at the same job, vocational aspirations if relevant. Medical and Mental Health History .  The non-psychiatric section should include reports of medical diagnoses and symptoms, current medications, surgeries and overnight hospitalizations, and any head injuries.  The mental health section should include psychiatric hospitalizations, outpatient mental health treatment, substance abuse treatment, history of psychotropic medication prescriptions, and suicide attempts.  When applicable, indicate that there was “no reported history of …” to show that you inquired about the areas above. Antisocial Behavior/Substance Abuse .  Age, charge, and outcome of any arr.

1. Your report should be 5-7 pages in length.
You will continue the report that you started in Activity 5.
Incorporate any feedback that you received from other course
assignments. In addition to the tests you have already
interpreted (WAIS-IV, WRAT4, and MMPI-2)
you will also add your interpretation of the PAI and the
WHODAS
. As before, your report will include a reason for referral (may
be fictitious), discussion of the test results from the WAIS IV,
WRAT 4, MMPI-2, and PAI,
a brief discussion of the WHODAS 2.0,
diagnostic impressions, summary and recommendations, based
on findings that refer to the referral question(s).
A description of the content for each of the main sections of
your report follows:
Identification and Referral
· Client’s name, age, marital status, ethnicity, gender.
· Describe the setting, including where the testing took
place, how the client travelled there (or if you went to the
client’s home).
· Reason for testing at this time, including the referral
source (can be a self-referral or a fictitious referrer) and the
information sought by the referrer.
· Presenting problems and symptoms.
There should be one or more referral questions to be answered

2. by your assessment. These questions will be answered in your
“Recommendations” section and the answers should flow
logically from your findings. Some common referral questions
for psychological testing include:
· Mental health diagnosis and treatment or management
recommendations.
· Disability determination – whether the client is able to
work and limitations.
· Vocational/educational assessment – what kind of work
would be a good fit for the client’s abilities.
· Learning disability assessment – is a learning disability
present and what sort of limitations and accommodations are
appropriate.
History
Preface your history by indicating the source (such as client’s
report or family report).
Family History.
Include information about current family, current living
situation and family of origin.
Educational and Vocational History
. Level of education completed, high school and college grades,
any history of special education, expulsions and suspensions,
occupation and jobs held, last worked, reason for any
dismissals, longest time at the same job, vocational aspirations
if relevant.

3. Medical and Mental Health History
. The non-psychiatric section should include reports of medical
diagnoses and symptoms, current medications, surgeries and
overnight hospitalizations, and any head injuries. The mental
health section should include psychiatric hospitalizations,
outpatient mental health treatment, substance abuse treatment,
history of psychotropic medication prescriptions, and suicide
attempts. When applicable, indicate that there was “no reported
history of …” to show that you inquired about the areas above.
Antisocial Behavior/Substance Abuse
. Age, charge, and outcome of any arrests or other legal
problems. Current and past use of alcohol and other
recreational drugs, 12-step group attendance.
Daily Functioning
Client’s mode of travel (car, bus, family rides) and ability
(short trips by car, uses the bus but needs help to get to a new
location, etc.). Client’s daily living skills, including ability to
groom, bathe, dress, do household chores, and manage money.
Include a general description of the client’s daily activities
including job, recreational, and social activities.
Mental Status and Behavioral Observations
Use the Mental Status Exam form as a guide for your interview.
This section can be written or dictated directly from this form.
General appearance

4. : Particularly note unusual characteristics that may provide
diagnostic information – neglected hygiene, unusual dress or
tattoos, or physical characteristics that may affect the person’s
social interactions and abilities. Indicate if the client appeared
her/his stated age or younger or older than her/his stated age.
Attitude & general behavior
: Describe the person’s interaction with you and attitude toward
being tested and interviewed.
Mood and affect
: Obtain a quote from the client regarding recent mood. Ask
about any history of depression and anxiety. Note the range of
the client’s affect. Ask about sleep and appetite, and inquire
further about depressive or anxious symptoms if a particular
disorder is suspected. See the symptom guide at the bottom of
the MSE form. For instance, if PTSD were suspected, you
would inquire about symptoms, such as nightmares, flashbacks,
and startle response.
Stream of mental activity
: Most clients will be described as responding in a coherent and
relevant fashion and speaking at a normal pace with 100%
intelligibility. Note any deviations from this, including
psychotic symptoms, slower or faster than normal speech, and
problems with speech intelligibility. Note unusual speech
content and inquire into delusional thinking (paranoid,
reference, control, grandiosity) if psychosis is suspected.
Sensorium and orientation
: You will describe most clients as alert and aware of their
surroundings; note any deviations from this. Orientation

5. includes awareness of elements such as person, place, time and
situation. Do not say the client was “oriented times three” as
the meaning of this is not always consistent and clear. Do
report the questions you asked and the client’s responses. For
instance, “The client reported the current day of the week as
Saturday rather than Monday.”
Memory.
Use simple tests to assess the client’s long- and short-term
memory and report the results of those tests. A useful test of
short-term memory is to list three objects, have the client repeat
them back, and then ask the client to recall them after five
minutes have passed.
Fund of information
. Two or three questions will give a rough index of the client’s
general knowledge. Easy (intellectual disability suspected):
“How many legs on a dog?” or “Where is your nose?”, Average:
“How many days in a year?”, Above average: “What is the
boiling temperature of water?”
Concentration and attention
: Rate the client’s ability to attend to instructions and task
persistence. Simple concentration tasks are counting backwards
from 20 or, for higher functioning clients, counting backwards
from 100 by 7. Note the time required and number of errors. If
ADHD is suspected, use the symptom guide at the bottom of the
MSE form to inquire further about symptoms.
Perceptual distortions
: Ask about any history of auditory or visual hallucinations and
determine if they were associated with drug use or mood (mania

6. or depression). If there were hallucinations, note their
frequency, when they last occurred, and their content. Note if
the client appears to be responding to hallucinations during the
assessment.
Judgment & insight
. Use a simple, standard question to test judgment, such as
“What would you do if your neighbor’s house were on fire?”
Also, note any history that would indicate impaired judgment,
such as arrests or job dismissals. Insight is whether the client
has an accurate understanding of his or her mental health
status. If there are mental health problems, a client with good
insight attributes symptoms to these problems, and is aware of
the need for treatment. For instance, a man diagnosed as
schizophrenic would demonstrate good insight if he understands
that his auditory hallucinations are caused by his illness and
that psychiatric medication would help. An alcoholic
demonstrates good insight if she admits her illness and
recognizes the need to attend AA or other treatment.
Test Results
When discussing the WAIS-IV results, be sure to include a
discussion of the Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ),
Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI), Perceptual Reasoning
Index (PRI), Working Memory Index (WMI), and Processing
Speed Index. You will need to discuss the client's strengths and
weaknesses with regard to subtest variability, if applicable.
Refer to the WAIS-IV PowerPoint, Psych Report Writing, and
the Sample Report as a guide. Start with the FSIQ, indicate its
percentile rank and classification (Low Average, Superior,
etc.). If a change in functioning is suspected due to head injury
or other problem, compare the FSIQ to estimated pre-morbid

7. functioning.
Compare the VCI to the PRI, and indicate if they are
significantly different. Briefly interpret this comparison. If
they are not significantly different, you can say, “The VCI and
PRI were not significantly different from each other, reflecting
about equal facility with tasks requiring words as with tasks
requiring non-verbal reasoning and performance.” If they are
significantly different, indicate why you think this is. Is it
consistent with a suspected diagnosis? Does it reflect cultural
differences or a physical impairment?
When discussing the WRAT4 results, be sure to include a
discussion of the WRAT4 scores. Present the Standard Scores,
Percentile ranks, and Classifications for each subtest of the
WRAT4 (Word Reading, Spelling, Sentence Comprehension,
Math Computation). You also want to talk about scores that are
out of the normal range and what that might suggest. It is
helpful to give examples of the client’s abilities, particularly on
Math Computation (i.e., “able to perform arithmetic operations
with whole numbers, but unable to work with decimals or
fractions”). If a WRAT4 subtest differs significantly from IQ
(at least 20 points lower), a diagnosis of learning disorder is
likely, unless you feel that the difference is better explained by
other factors.
When discussing the MMPI-2 results, be sure to include a
discussion of the validity scales (you can refer to your text for
further guidance). Then interpret/discuss the clinical scales that
are clinically significant, which are a T-score of 65 or greater.
Your text and the powerpoint of the MMPI-2 (found under the
additional resources tab) list interpretive paragraphs of such
scores.
When discussing the PAI results, be sure to include a discussion
of the validity scales (you can refer to the PAI powerpoint for

8. further guidance). Then, report significant clinical elevations,
that is, scales that are clinically significant in the profile
summary (rather than all of the scales of the PAI). Similarly,
report results from clinically significant elevations in subscales.
When reporting results, it is important to clinically analyze
these with the client’s history, rather than simply reporting
numbers. It is best to provide a narrative of the elevations and
possible symptoms and patterns.
Diagnostic Impressions
Provide a complete DSM-5 diagnosis
to include the WHODAS 2.0 (p. 747 on the DSM-5).
Your diagnoses should be clearly supported by the material
you have presented to this point. Your assessment is very likely
the most thorough psychodiagnostic procedure the client will
ever undergo, so it is important that you come to a decision and
not expect that another clinician will be better able to do this.
Summary
· This section should not introduce any new information. It
needs to integrate and present an overall picture of the client, in
regard to the referral question.
· Provide a summary of Frank’s psychosocial history and
MSE.
· Provide a summary of the test results from the WAIS,
WRAT, MMPI, PAI, and WHODAS.
Recommendations

9. · The most significant and pressing problem should be
listed first and should be in the context of the referral question.
· Do not make recommendations about issues that are
outside the purview of your training and competency. For
instance, you would not recommend an imaging study or a
specific medication. You might recommend referral to a
neurologist or psychiatrist for evaluation and possible
treatment.
· Make recommendations that take practical and financial
limitations into account. It may be tempting to recommend
“further testing” because you feel unsure of your
recommendations. But keep in mind that testing can be
expensive and time consuming. Additional testing should only
be recommended if it is for a specific purpose and is necessary
for important decision-making.
· As much as possible, your recommendations should take
your test findings into account and should answer questions that
could not have been answered before the assessment was done.
You do not need to suggest that the client see a physician
because she reported occasional headaches.