Power point on the pilgrims

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Pilgrims and Puritans:
Calvinism comes to 17th Century America
“From the Reformation to the Constitution”
Bill Petro
your friendly neighborhood historian
www.billpetro.com/v7pc

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Objectives
By the end of this session you should be able to
• Trace the growth of religion in America
• Examine differences between Pilgrims & Puritans
• Detail distinctives of American Puritanism
• Outline the decline of New England theology

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Reformation Traditions
Lutheranism
Episcopal
Anabaptist
Congregational
Mennonites
English Separatists
English Baptists
}Reformed
Presbyterian
Scottish Presbyterian
Dutch Reformed
Lutheran
1517 Luther - Melanchthon
French-Swiss
1532 Calvin - Beza
German-Swiss
1519 Zwingli - Bullinger
Swiss Brethren
1525 Grebel – Manz - Simonsz
English
1536 Henry VIII - Cranmer
Anglican
Episcopal
Church of England

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American Church History
Colonial National Modern
1787 1865
Calvinism Arminianism
Biblistic Rationalism
Liberalism
Subjectivism
Existentialism
Theocentrism Anthropocentrism Liberalism

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Pilgrims
• England → Holland →
England → America
• 1620: Plymouth to
Plymouth Rock
• 102 passengers
• Mayflower Compact
• Plymouth Colony:
1st permanent New
England settlement

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Plymouth Rock

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First Thanksgiving
• 1621
• Gov Wm. Bradford
proclaimed:
“a day of thanksgiving and
prayer”
• More: billpetro.com/holidayhistory

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Puritans
• Non-separating Congregationalists
– Each congregation independent
• Church of England: true church
• Repentant church membership
• England might imitate their “New England.”

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Puritan Grievances
• Marian Exiles returned under Elizabeth
• James I: a sympathetic Protestant?
• Charles I married Henrietta Maria, Catholic princess
• Catholic lords given important posts
• Archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud’s
“Roman practices”

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John Winthrop
• 1630-1649
• Governor of
Massachusetts Bay
Company
• Founder of Boston
• Sermon: “Model of
Christian Charity”
– “City upon a Hill”

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Colonies:
1650

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Pilgrims vs. Puritans
Few Many
Early (1620) Later (1629-30)
Poor class Upper middle class
Uneducated Educated
Separatists from state church Loyal
Settled in Plymouth Salem, Boston
Wm. Bradford, Wm. Brewster John Endicott, Miles Standish,
John Winthrop

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Puritan: Myths vs. Reality
“Haunting fear that someone,
somewhere may be happy”
Books, music, beer, rum,
swam, skated, bowled
Wore black Blue, violet, green, yellow
Narrow minded +100: Oxford & Cambridge
“Dumme Doggs” Established Harvard after 6 years
Women sheltered Literate, well read, managed household
Song-less A capella, in unison
Minority 1776: 75% of Puritan roots

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The New
England
Primer
(1683)

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Education in Puritan New England
Private Education
Reading, Writing
Grammar School
Grammar, Rhetoric, Arithmetic
Latin, Greek, Hebrew
College
Arts: Grammar, Logic, Rhetoric, Arithmetic,
Geometry, Astronomy
Philosophies: Metaphysics, Ethics, Natural Science
Also: Greek, Hebrew, Ancient History

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“Plain” Puritan Sermons
• Text
• Doctrine
• Uses
• Applications

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New England Bible Commonwealths
• Sought guidance of Scripture for all
aspects of citizen’s lives
• Scripture authority in criminal statutes

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The English Bible in the 16th Century
• Wycliffe 1380
• Gutenberg 1450
• Tyndale 1525
• Coverdale 1535
• Matthew 1537
• Taverner 1539
• Great 1539
• Geneva 1560
• Bishops’ 1568
• Rheims-Douai (NT) 1582
• King James 1611
Less than
100 years:
9 translations

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Geneva Bible
• 1560 in Geneva
• Leader: William Whittingham,
sister of John Calvin
• Used by the Pilgrims & Puritans
in New England
• 1560 – 1630: 200 editions
• Bible of Shakespeare, Bunyan,
Cromwell’s Army

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KJV Bible
• Committee of English
scholars between 1607-1611
• "Authorized Version”
• 1st carried by John Winthrop
to Massachusetts in 1630
• Supplanted Geneva Bible

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Puritan Ecclesiastical Theory
Grace
Covenant
•Spiritual
•Invisible
Church
Covenant
•Physical
•Visible
Church Privileges:
•Communion
•Church Offices
Political Privileges:
•Elections
•Civic Offices

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Decline of New England Theology
• 1643: 11% church membership
– Preaching of the “Jeremiad”
• 1657: Half-Way Covenant
– Secularized state
• 1677: Stoddardeanism: Very open Communion
– Secularized church
• 1691: Massachusetts a Royal Colony
– No religious bans
• 1692: Salem Witch Trials

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Salem Witch Trials

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1-Word Summary
• Catholic Church Merit
• Luther Justification
• Zwingli Sovereignty
• Anabaptists Believer’s Baptism
• Calvin Omnipotence
• Arminius Ability
• “Calvinism” TULIP
• Knox Thundering
• Henry VIII Married
• Pilgrims Separatists
• Puritans Saints