الكمبيوتر وتكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات الدرس الثاني

1. ‫واﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫وﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ‬
‫واﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫وﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫أﺳﺎﺳﯿﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪرس‬

2. : Hardware ‫اﻟﻣﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛوﻧﺎت‬
.‫وﻟﻤﺴﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎھﺪﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﮭﺎز‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬ ‫ھﻲ‬
: ‫وﺗﺸﻤﻞ‬
System Unit ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫وﺣﺪة‬
: ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدي‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮن‬ ‫واي‬
‫اﻟﺦ‬ … ‫اﻟﻔﺄرة‬ - ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬ - ‫اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬

3. : Hardware ‫اﻟﻣﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛوﻧﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬
‫إدﺧﺎل‬ ‫وﺣﺪات‬-1
Input Units
‫إﺧﺮاج‬ ‫وﺣﺪات‬-2
Output Units
‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫وﺣﺪة‬-4
System Unit
‫اﻟﺘﺨﺰﯾﻦ‬ ‫وﺳﺎﺋﻂ‬-3
Storage Unit

4. : Hardware ‫اﻟﻣﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛوﻧﺎت‬
.‫ﻟﻠﺠﮭﺎز‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫إدﺧﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺌﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺟﮭﺰة‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ :‫اﻹدﺧﺎل‬ ‫وﺣﺪات‬

5. : Hardware ‫اﻟﻣﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛوﻧﺎت‬
‫وﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬھﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫واﺧﺮاج‬ ‫ﻋﺮض‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺌﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺟﮭﺰة‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ : ‫اﻹﺧﺮاج‬ ‫وﺣﺪات‬
.‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻤﺎت‬ ‫وﻓﻘﺎ‬

6. : Hardware ‫اﻟﻣﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛوﻧﺎت‬
‫وھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫اﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟﺎت‬ ‫وﻓﻖ‬ ‫وﻗﺖ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻋﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺨﺰﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ :‫اﻟﺘﺨﺰﯾﻦ‬ ‫وﺳﺎﺋﻂ‬
.‫اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﯿﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺈﻧﻘﻄﺎع‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮﯾﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬

7. : Hardware ‫اﻟﻣﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛوﻧﺎت‬
‫وھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫اﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟﺎت‬ ‫وﻓﻖ‬ ‫وﻗﺖ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻋﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺨﺰﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ :‫اﻟﺘﺨﺰﯾﻦ‬ ‫وﺳﺎﺋﻂ‬
.‫اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﯿﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺈﻧﻘﻄﺎع‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮﯾﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
:‫ﻣﻼﺣظﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻠﻣس‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫أو‬ touch screen :‫ﻣﺛل‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫وادﺧﺎل‬ ‫اﺧراج‬ ‫وﺣدة‬ ‫ﻛــ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬ ‫اﻟوﺣدات‬ ‫ﺑﻌض‬ ‫ﺗوﺟد‬

8. : Hardware ‫اﻟﻣﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛوﻧﺎت‬
.‫اﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﮭﺎز‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدي‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﻮن‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ :"System Unit " ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫وﺣﺪة‬
System Unit
‫اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‬
Main memory
‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫وﺣﺪة‬
Central processing Unit
(CPU)
‫اﻻم‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ‬
Motherboard

9. : Hardware ‫اﻟﻣﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛوﻧﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‬
Main memory
‫اﻟﻌﺸﻮاﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻮل‬ ‫ذاﻛﺮة‬
Random Access Memory
(RAM)
‫ﻟﻠﻘﺮاءة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‬
Read-Only Memory
(ROM)

10. : Hardware ‫اﻟﻣﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛوﻧﺎت‬
‫؟؟‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا‬ ‫؟؟‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻲ‬
،‫ﻋﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﯿﺎر‬ ‫إﻧﻘﻄﺎع‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮﯾﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻘﺪ‬ ‫أﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬
.‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﻣﻌﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺰء‬ ‫وھﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺸﻮاﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻮل‬ ‫ذاﻛﺮة‬
Random Access Memory
(RAM)

11. : Hardware ‫اﻟﻣﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛوﻧﺎت‬
،(BIOS)‫اﻟﺠﮭﺎز‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮي‬ ‫وھﻲ‬
،‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻔﻮظ‬ ‫وﻣﺤﺘﻮاھﺎ‬
،‫اﻟﻌﺎدي‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءة‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮاءة‬ ‫ﺑﺬاﻛﺮة‬ ‫وﺳﻤﯿﺖ‬
.‫داﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺤﺘﻮﯾﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﻓﮭﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﯿﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻧﻘﻄﺎع‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺄﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮاھﺎ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‬ ‫اﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫وﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻘﺮاءة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‬
Read-Only Memory
(ROM)