_الكمبيوتر وتكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات الدرس الرابع

1. ‫وﺗﻛﻧوﻟوﺟﯾﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻣﺑﯾوﺗر‬
‫واﻻﺗﺻﺎﻻت‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت‬
‫اﻟراﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟدرس‬
_______________________
‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫أﻧظﻣﺔ‬

2. ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم‬
،‫اﻟﻛﻣﺑﯾوﺗر‬ ‫ﺑراﻣﺞ‬ ‫أﻧواع‬ ‫أھم‬ ‫ﻣن‬ Systems Operating ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫أﻧظﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌد‬
‫اﻟﺑراﻣﺞ‬ ‫أﻧواع‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻧﺗﻣﻛن‬ ‫ﻟﻛﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻣﺑﯾوﺗر‬ ‫ﺟﮭﺎز‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺛﺑت‬ ‫ﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم‬ ‫ﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫وﺟود‬ ‫ﯾﺟب‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬
.‫اﻟﻛﻣﺑﯾوﺗر‬ ‫ﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛوﻧﺎت‬ ‫إدارة‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫وﻟﻧﺗﻣﻛن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺗطﺑﯾﻘﺎت‬
،‫اﻟﻛﻣﺑﯾوﺗر‬ ‫ﺟﮭﺎز‬ ‫ﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻣﺛﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌد‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫أﻧظﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺑراﻣﺞ‬
‫داﺧل‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم‬ ‫ﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﺗﺷﻐﯾﻠﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫ﻣرة‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻣﺑﯾوﺗر‬ ‫ﺟﮭﺎز‬ ‫ﯾﺑﺣث‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬
‫ﻣﻛوﻧﺎﺗﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﺗﺣﻣﯾل‬ ‫ﺑﻘوم‬ ‫ﺛم‬ ssd ‫ال‬ ‫أو‬ (‫اﻟﺻﻠب‬ ‫اﻟﻘرص‬ ‫)ﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺧزﯾن‬ ‫وﺳﺎﺋط‬ ‫أﺣد‬
( RAM) ‫اﻟﻣؤﻗﺗﺔ‬ ‫اﻟذاﻛرة‬ ‫داﺧل‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ‬
.‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدم‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫واﻟﺗﻌﻠﯾﻣﺎت‬ ‫اﻣر‬ ‫اﻷو‬ ‫ﻟﺗﻠﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺗﻌدا‬ ‫اﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬ ‫ﯾﺻﺑﺢ‬ ‫وﻋﻧدھﺎ‬

3. ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم‬ ‫ﺗﻌرﯾف‬
‫ﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣوارد‬ ‫إدارة‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳؤﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺑراﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻋﺑﺎرة‬
.‫اﻟﻛﻣﺑﯾوﺗر‬
‫ﻛوﺳﯾط‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻣل‬ ‫وھﻲ‬
‫ﺟﮭﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫وﺑراﻣﺟﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدم‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬
‫اﺧري‬ ‫ﺟﮭﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ Hardware ‫اﻟﻣﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛوﻧﺎت‬ ‫وﺑﯾن‬

4. ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم‬
‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫ﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻣﺳؤل‬
‫اﻟﻣﻛوﻧﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻣﺎدﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺗطﺑﯾﻘﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﯾﺔ‬ ‫و‬

5. ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم‬
‫طرﯾق‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻟﻧظﺎم‬ ‫واﻟﺗﻌﻠﯾﻣﺎت‬ ‫اﻷواﻣر‬ ‫ﯾوﺟﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدم‬
‫اﻷواﻣر‬ ‫ﻣوﺟﮫ‬
Command
Prompt
‫اﻟواﺟﮭﺔ‬
‫اﻟرﺳوﻣﯾﺔ‬
Interface
‫أو‬

6. Command Prompt ‫اﻷواﻣر‬ ‫ﻣوﺟﮫ‬
‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫أﻧظﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌض‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺳﻣﻰ‬
.Terminal
‫ﺑﺗوﺟﯾﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدم‬ ‫ﯾﻘوم‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬
‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻟﻧظﺎم‬ ‫واﻟﺗﻌﻠﯾﻣﺎت‬ ‫اﻷواﻣر‬
( ‫اﻷواﻣر‬ ‫ﻟﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺻﯾﺔ‬ ‫)واﺟﮭﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺧﺻص‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣث‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗوﺑﺔ‬
.‫اﻟﻣﻔﺎﺗﯾﺢ‬ ‫ﻟوﺣﺔ‬ ‫طرﯾق‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻟذﻟك‬

7. Graphical User Interface (GUI ) ‫اﻟرﺳوﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟواﺟﮭﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺗﻌﻠﯾﻣﺎت‬ ‫اﻷواﻣر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺗوي‬ ‫وھﻰ‬
‫ورﺳوﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻗواﺋم‬ ‫ﺷﻛل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﺗظﮭر‬
‫أدوات‬ ‫وأﺷرطﺔ‬
‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻹدﺧﺎل‬ ‫ووﺣدة‬
‫ﻣﻌﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺔ‬
Mouse ‫ھﻲ‬
.‫وﺗﺷوﯾﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻌﺔ‬ ‫أﻛﺛر‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻣﺑﯾوﺗر‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫ﯾﺟﻌل‬ ‫ﻣﻣﺎ‬

8. ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫أﻧظﻣﺔ‬ ‫وظﺎﺋف‬
.1
(‫واﻻﺧراج‬ ‫اﻻدﺧﺎل‬ ‫وﺣدات‬ ‫اي‬ … ‫اﻟﺿوﺋﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻣﺎﺳﺢ‬ ‫)اﻟطﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻛﻣﺑﯾوﺗر‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻠﺣﻘﺔ‬ ‫واﻷﺟﮭزة‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺧزﯾن‬ ‫وﺣدات‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣﻛم‬
.2
‫اﻟذاﻛرة‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻣل‬ ‫ﺗﻧظﯾم‬
.3
‫وﺣﻔظﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺟﮭﺎز‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟوﺣدات‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻧﻘل‬
.‫اﻟﺗﺧزﯾن‬ ‫وﺣدات‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬
.4
( ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺻﻼﺣﯾﺎت‬ - ‫اﻟﻣرور‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻣﺔ‬ ) ‫اﻟﺗﺄﻣﯾن‬
.5
‫ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺗﺧدم‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ , ‫ﻟﻠﻣﺳﺗﺧدم‬ ‫واﺟﮭﺔ‬ ‫ﯾوﻓر‬
.‫اﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣل‬

9. ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫أﻧظﻣﺔ‬ ‫وظﺎﺋف‬
‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدم‬
‫اﻟﺗطﺑﯾﻘﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم‬
‫اﻟﻣﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛوﻧﺎت‬
‫داﺧل‬
‫طرﯾق‬ ‫ﻋن‬
‫ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم‬
‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺑداﺧﻠﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﻛون‬
‫طرﯾق‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﺗﺷﻐﯾﻠﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺗم‬
‫طرﯾق‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﺗﺷﻐﯾﻠﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺗم‬

10. (‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬ ‫وﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬ ‫)ﻣﻔﺗوﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫أﻧظﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺻﻧﯾف‬
❖
‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫أﻧظﻣﺔ‬
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.‫اﻹﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫وﺳﮭﻠﮫ‬ ‫ﺟذاﺑﺔ‬ ‫واﺟﮭﺔ‬ ‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﯾﺗﻣﯾز‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻛﻧﺗوش‬ ‫أﺑل‬ ‫ﻷﺟﮭزة‬ ‫ﻣﺧﺻص‬ ‫اﻟﻧظﺎم‬ ‫ھذا‬ Mac OS X‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎك‬ ‫اﺑل‬ ‫ﺟﮭﺎز‬
1984‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎك‬ ‫اﺑل‬ ‫ﺟﮭﺎز‬

11. (‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬ ‫وﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬ ‫)ﻣﻔﺗوﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫أﻧظﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺻﻧﯾف‬
●
‫ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ (Mac :‫)ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺟﻠﯾزﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎك‬ ‫أو‬ (Macintosh :‫)ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺟﻠﯾزﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻛﻧﺗوش‬
‫ﻣن‬
.‫أﺑل‬ ‫ﺷرﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺑل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫وﺗﺳوﯾﻘﮭﺎ‬ ‫وإﻧﺗﺎﺟﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗطوﯾرھﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺗم‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺧﺻﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺣواﺳﯾب‬
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.Macintosh ‫اﺳﻣﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻔﺎح‬ ‫أﻧواع‬ ‫أﺣد‬ ‫اﺳم‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌود‬ (Macintosh) ‫ﻣﺎﻛﻧﺗوش‬ ‫ﺗﺳﻣﯾﺔ‬
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‫ﻛﯾﻠوﺑﺎﯾت‬ 128 ‫ﺣﺟﻣﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺑذاﻛرة‬ 1984 ‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﯾﻧﺎﯾر‬ 24 ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫إطﻼﻗﮫ‬ ‫ﺗم‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻛﻧﺗوش‬ ‫ﺟﮭﺎز‬ ‫أول‬
.‫ﻗوﯾﺔ‬ ‫إﻋﻼﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺣﻣﻠﺔ‬
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‫واﻟﻔﺄرة‬ ‫اﻟرﺳوﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫ﺑواﺟﮭﺔ‬ ‫ﻣزود‬ ‫اﻟﺳوق‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺟﺢ‬ ‫ﺷﺧﺻﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺳوب‬ ‫أول‬ ‫وﻛﺎن‬
.‫اﻟوﻗت‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﯾﺎﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧت‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ Command Prompt ‫اﻷواﻣر‬ ‫ﺳطر‬ ‫واﺟﮭﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ً‫ﻻ‬‫ﺑد‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻣﺎﺷﻲ‬

12. (‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬ ‫وﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬ ‫)ﻣﻔﺗوﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫أﻧظﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺻﻧﯾف‬
❖
‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫أﻧظﻣﺔ‬
●
windows ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم‬
.‫اﻟﺷﺧﺻﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺟﮭزة‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻧﺗﺷﺎرا‬ ‫وأﻛﺛرھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫أﻧظﻣﺔ‬ ‫أﺷﮭر‬ ‫ﻣن‬

13. (‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬ ‫وﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬ ‫)ﻣﻔﺗوﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫أﻧظﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺻﻧﯾف‬
❖
‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺗوﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫أﻧظﻣﺔ‬
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linux ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم‬
.‫اﻻﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫ﺑﺳﮭوﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻣﺗﺎز‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺗطوﯾر‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑل‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺗوح‬ ‫ﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم‬ ‫وھو‬
linux ‫ﻧظﺎم‬ ‫ﺗوزﯾﻌﺎت‬ ‫اﺷﮭر‬ ‫ﻣن‬
❖
ubuntu
❖
Fedora

14. (‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬ ‫وﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬ ‫)ﻣﻔﺗوﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫أﻧظﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺻﻧﯾف‬
❖
‫اﻟﻣﺣﻣوﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﮭواﺗف‬ ‫ﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫أﻧظﻣﺔ‬ -
‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻠق‬ ‫وﻣﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺗوح‬ ‫ﻣﻧﮭﺎ‬
: ‫ﻣﻠﺣوظﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣل‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﻣوﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺎﺗف‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺗطﺑﯾﻘﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻧظم‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺗﺑر‬
‫أﺟﮭزة‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻘﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣواﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎرب‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ،‫اﻟﺷراء‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫ﻣﮭم‬
.‫اﻟﺑﻌض‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺿﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﻣوﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﮭواﺗف‬
Android ‫اﻧدروﯾد‬ ‫ﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم‬ : ‫ﻣﺛل‬
Tablet ‫اﻟﻣﺣﻣوﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻠوﺣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺟﮭزة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬ ‫إﻧﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﮭواﺗف‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺗﺻر‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫وھو‬ ،‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺗوح‬ ‫ﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم‬ ‫وھو‬

15. ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻟﻧظﺎم‬ GUI ‫اﻟرﺳوﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟواﺟﮭﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻣﯾزات‬
.1
.‫ﻣﻧﺗظﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻧواﻓذ‬ ‫ﺷﻛل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺑراﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻋرض‬
.2
.‫اﻷدوات‬ ‫وأﺷرطﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺳﯾطﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺳدﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘواﺋم‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺧدام‬
.3
.‫اﻟوﻗت‬ ‫ﻧﻔس‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑراﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻋدة‬ ‫ﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫إﻣﻛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬
.4
.‫ﺗطﺑﯾق‬ ‫ﻛواﺟﮭﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺎت‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫وﻏﯾرھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫إﻣﻛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬
.5
.‫اﻻﻧﺗرﻧت‬ ‫ﻣواﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﺻﻔﺣﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺗﻌرض‬ ‫ﺗوﻓﯾر‬

16. ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻟﻧظﺎم‬ ‫اﻻﻓﺗﺗﺎﺣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺎﺷﺔ‬
‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬ ‫وﺣدات‬ ‫ﺳﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺄﻛد‬ ‫ﯾﺗم‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻣﺑﯾوﺗر‬ ‫ﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﺑدء‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬
(‫اﻟﺦ‬...‫اﻷﻗراص‬ ‫ﻣﺣرﻛﺎت‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻔﺎﺗﯾﺢ‬ ‫وﻟوﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣؤﻗﺗﺔ‬ ‫)اﻟذاﻛرة‬ ‫ﻣﺛل‬
،(ROM) ‫اﻟداﺋﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟذاﻛرة‬ ‫اﻟذاﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺣص‬ ‫ﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﯾﺳﻣﻰ‬ ‫ﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺑذﻟك‬ ‫وﯾﻘوم‬
.‫أﻋﻣﺎﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﻹﻧﺟﺎز‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدم‬ ‫ﻣﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻟﯾﻧطﻠق‬ ‫اﻻﻓﺗﺗﺎﺣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺗظﮭر‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻣﯾل‬ ‫ﯾﺑدأ‬ ‫أﻋطﺎل‬ ‫وﺟود‬ ‫ﻋدم‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬
: ‫ﻣﻠﺣوظﺔ‬
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‫ﺑﺄي‬ ‫وﯾﺑﻠﻐك‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫وﻗت‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛوﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺣص‬ ‫ﯾﻘوم‬ rom ‫اﻟذاﻛرة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫داﺋم‬ ‫ﺑرﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﯾوﺟد‬ ‫وﻟﻛن‬ ‫ﻛﺛﯾرة‬ ‫اﻟذاﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺣص‬ ‫ﺑراﻣﺞ‬
. ‫ﻋطل‬
●
.‫اﻟرﺳوﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟواﺟﮭﺔ‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻧظم‬ ‫واﺟﮭﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺗﺷﺎﺑﮫ‬
●
.‫ﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻛﺛر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻣﺑﯾﯨوﺗر‬ ‫ﺟﮭﺎز‬ ‫ﯾﺣﺗوى‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬ -

17. ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻟﻧظﺎم‬ GUI ‫اﻟرﺳوﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟواﺟﮭﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻣﯾزات‬
Mac Os GUI

18. ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻟﻧظﺎم‬ GUI ‫اﻟرﺳوﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟواﺟﮭﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻣﯾزات‬
Windows GUI

19. ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻟﻧظﺎم‬ GUI ‫اﻟرﺳوﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟواﺟﮭﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻣﯾزات‬
Linux GUI

20. ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻟﻧظﺎم‬ ‫اﻻﻓﺗﺗﺎﺣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺎﺷﺔ‬
:‫اﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻧظم‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫اﻹﻓﺗﺗﺎﺣﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺷﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛوﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺗﺷﺎﺑﮫ‬
.‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدم‬ ‫ﺑواﺳطﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯾﯾرھﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬ ‫ﺻورة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻟون‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻋﺑﺎرة‬ :Background ‫اﻟﺧﻠﻔﯾﺔ‬

21. ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻟﻧظﺎم‬ ‫اﻻﻓﺗﺗﺎﺣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺎﺷﺔ‬
:‫اﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻧظم‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫اﻹﻓﺗﺗﺎﺣﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺷﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛوﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺗﺷﺎﺑﮫ‬
‫اﻟﻣزدوج‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻘر‬ ‫ﺑﻣﺟرد‬ ‫ﺳرﯾﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺑطرﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺑراﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم‬ ‫ﺻﻐﯾرة‬ ‫رﻣوز‬ : icons ‫اﻻﯾﻘوﻧﺎت‬
.‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺎوس‬

22. ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻟﻧظﺎم‬ ‫اﻻﻓﺗﺗﺎﺣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺎﺷﺔ‬
:‫اﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻧظم‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫اﻹﻓﺗﺗﺎﺣﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺷﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻛوﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺗﺷﺎﺑﮫ‬
‫ﻣﺗﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫وأﺧري‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬ ‫ﻧظﺎم‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺛﺑﺗﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺑرﻣﺟﯾﺎت‬ (‫)أﯾﻘوﻧﺎت‬ ‫رﻣوز‬ ‫ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾظﮭر‬ :Bars ‫أﺷرطﺔ‬
.‫واﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺻوت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺗﺣﻛم‬ ‫واﻟوﻗت‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺎرﯾﺦ‬ ‫ﺿﺑط‬ ‫ﻣﺛل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻧظﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻋدادات‬ ‫ﺑﺑﻌض‬