Drug carrier systems targeted to widely dispersed cells

Drug Carrier Systems
Targeted to Widely
Dispersed Cells
Prof. Dr. Basavaraj K. Nanjwade M. Pharm.,
Ph. D
Department of Pharmaceutics
KLE University College of Pharmacy,
BELGAUM-590010, Karnataka, India.
Cell No.: 0091-9742431000
E-mail: nanjwadebk@gmail.com
05 March 2013 1DDSEC, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand.

CONTENT
• Delivery to macrophages.
• Delivery to lymphoid cells of immune
network.
• Delivery to lysosomal storage diseases.

Biological systems and
Carrier nanostructures
05 March 2013 DDSEC, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand. 3

Targeted Drug Carrier

Targeting of drug carriers

Three levels of targeting
1. First order targeting or organ targeting
2. Second order targeting or cellular targeting
3. Third order targeting or subcellular
targeting

First order targeting or
Organ targeting
• Drug delivery system releases the drug only in
a specific organ it is called as organ targeting.
• Targeted to the liver because its vasculature is
normally leaky or fenestrated or “ having loose
junctions”.
• In this case drug is not released in other
tissues because their vasculature is not leaky.

Passive targeting

Second order targeting or
Cellular targeting
• Drug delivery system releases the drug to a
particular cell within an organ or tissue it is
called as second order or cellular targeting.
• An antibody, specifically recognizes and
attaches to a specific antigen on a cell surface.

Antibody Function
•Antigen–Antibody
Complex = An antibody
bound to an antigen

Active and Passive
targeting

Third order targeting or
Subcellular targeting
• Drug delivery system can enter specific cells
and leave the drug intracellularly, then, it is
called a third order or subcellular targeting
process.
• The delivery system carries the gene; it enters
specific cells and leaves the gene
intracellularly and its sophisticated variety of
targeting.

Nanotechnology – based
drug delivery Systems

Delivery to
macrophages

Macrophages

What is a Macrophage?
• Macrophages are white blood cells within
tissues, produced by the division of monocytes.
• Macrophage is the removal of necrotic cellular
debris in the lungs.
• Macrophage as secretory cells
• In some cases, pathogens are very resistant to
adhesion by the macrophages

Alveolar macrophage

Drug Carrier System
• Lipidic
• Proteic
• Polymeric
• Technology to provide new sustained drug
delivery with better body distribution

Lipidic Carrier Systems

Proteic Carrier Systems

Polymeric Carrier Systems
(1) Receptor mediated endocytosis (2) Non specific transcellular transport
(3) Paracellular transport (4) M cell mediated transport

Polymeric Micelle and its
dimensions

Pharmaceutical Micelles

Polymeric Dendrimers

Drug Carrier System
Technology
• Microspongs
• Nanoparticles
• Microemulsion and Nanoemulsion
• Cyclodextrins
• Metal nanoparticles and quantum dots
• Immunoconjugates
• Virus
05 March 2013
DDSEC, Prince of Songkla University, Hat
Yai, Thailand.
25

Nanoparticles specific
targeting
(A) protective polymer with targeting ligand/probe copulated; (B) Antibody;
(C) Enzyme; (D) Complexation with DNA; (E) protective polymer; (F) ligand.

Drug Carrier System
Technology
• Vesicular carrier system: Liposomes,
Transferosomes, Ethosomes, Niosomes,
Virosomes, Cubosomes, Solid lipid
nanoparticles (SLN), Nanostructure lipid
carriers (NLC)
• Polymers: Dendrimers, Polymeric Micelles,
Natural and Synthetic Polymeric
Nanoparticles

Targeting to macrophages

Delivery to lymphoid
cells of Immune
network

Lymphoid cell
• Lymphoid cells lack granules, have a compact
nucleus, and a transparent cytoplasm.
• They are involved in producing immunity.
Two main divisions:
• Cell mediated immunity (T cell)
• Antibody mediated immunity (B cell)

Human lymphocyte

Cell membrane

B Cells
• Responsible for antibody-mediated immunity
• Defends against antigens and pathogens in
body fluids
• Attack antigens by producing specific
antibodies
• Corresponding antigens in interstitial fluids
bind to B cell receptors
• B cell prepares for activation

T Cells
• Provide cell-mediated immunity
• Defends against abnormal cells and pathogens
inside cells
• T cells only recognize antigens that are bound
to glycoproteins in cell membranes

Virosomes /Drug Carrier

Drug Delivery to Tumours

Immune surveillance

Delivery to
Lysosomal Storage
Diseases

Lysosomal Storage
Diseases
• Lysosomes are the cell's waste disposal
system.
• Lysosomes Helps in repair damage to the
plasma membrane by serving as a membrane
patch, sealing the wound.
• LSDs occur with incidences of less than
1:100,000

Lysosomal Storage
Diseases
• Lysosomes break down unwanted matter via
enzymes, highly specialized proteins essential
for survival.
• A genetic defect in a protein responsible for
maintaining the lysosomal system results in
the accumulation within lysosomes of partially
degraded molecules, the initial step in the
process leading to a lysosomal storage disease.

Causes for LSD’S
1. Defects in the lysosomal function
2. Defects in the hydrolytic enzymes
3. Defects in post translational processing of
lysosomal enzymes.

Lysosomal targeting of a
Cell

Therapies for Lysosomal
Storage Diseases

Thank youE-mail: nanjwadebk@gmail.com
Cell No: 00919742431000

Drug carrier systems targeted to widely dispersed cells

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