Course material

1. Answers: Introduction Canada's climate is rapidly changing. Work on
climate
Answers:
Introduction
Canada's climate is rapidly changing. Work on climate change adaptation at both the
national and state levels is crucial yet the overwhelming majority of climate change's effects
will be felt most immediately at the local level. It is possible for Canadian municipalities to
deal with climate change-related risks and opportunities by enacting and enforcing local
bylaws, collecting taxes and other fees from citizens, operating public transportation and
utility systems, establishing subsidy programs, tax credits and other financial incentives,
and by implementing emergency preparedness and response systems. One of the most
effective methods for assisting local climate change adaptation is land use planning (Tretter
& Heyman, 2021). Natural catastrophes like floods, wildfires, and landslides may be
mitigated by local governments via land use planning tools including official plans, zoning
rules, and building permits among others. Climate change is predicted to lead to an increase
in the frequency and magnitude of climate-related catastrophes, which will provide a
challenge to community planners. "Planners gravitate toward tools they are most
comfortable with and are exploring for approaches to adapt current tactics when it comes
to combating climate change.
Figure 1 This year's flood hazard statistics from JBA Risk Management and Statistics
Canada's 2016 census subdivision borders are.
British Columbia
To achieve resource management objectives, strategic land use plans have been established
for each of the province's eight areas. Land use plans for the eight regions' subregions,
including coastal and marine areas, are still being produced, even though this guideline
dates back to 2007. The government of British Columbia started updating its land use
planning process in 2018 as a result of better consultation with Indigenous organizations.
Figure 2; The province of British Columbia has eight land use planning areas.

2. Environmental Challenges
Global temperatures rose by around 1 degree Celsius, 2 degrees Celsius in British Columbia
and 3 degrees Celsius in northern British Columbia during the last century, according to the
British Columbia government's research climatologist. Snow and glacier cover in the
northern hemisphere are disappearing, allowing the bare ground to absorb more solar
radiation and exacerbating the effects of climate change.
Alberta
Regional plans have been completed for two of Alberta's seven regions, while a third is
currently being created.
Figure 3; A map of Alberta's regions is provided in accordance with the Land-Use
Framework.
Environmental Challenges
Climate change and the myriad of difficulties it brings are an undeniable reality of life that
must be dealt with by everyone on the world. On the other hand, as can be seen from this
pie chart, the stakes are especially high for the Canadian province of Alberta. Oil and gas
production accounts for 18.3 percent of Alberta's overall GDP, making it one of the
province's largest sources of revenue. Fossil fuel emissions have also had a negative impact
on Alberta's climate and air quality. For the sake of future generations' well-being, Alberta
has to keep up its momentum in recognizing and acting on climate change on both a local
and a statewide level. The next article, which will concentrate on Alberta and Edmonton,
will examine the effects of climate change. Edmonton has a population of 1,328,290, making
it Canada's fifth-largest city. To address Alberta's specific environmental issues, as well as
what the government is doing to solve them, this report will be written.
Fort McMurray, which raged for almost two months until being declared contained in
December, was the most notable environmental disaster to strike Alberta in 2016. The
blaze's aftermath is stunning, having destroyed more than 500,000 hectares at its height, an
area greater than the British province of Prince Edward Island. The Canadian Ambient Air
Quality Standards study, however, found that parts of Alberta were either nearing or above
permitted levels of particulate matter (solid and liquid airborne particles) and ozone
exposure. According to Alberta Environment Minister Shannon Phillips, the province is on
the verge of being the worst air quality jurisdiction in the nation. Man-made pollution, such
as that released by vehicles and power plants, has increased the quantity of particulate
matter in the atmosphere, while this material is naturally occurring. In addition to the poor
air quality, Edmonton is grappling with a variety of other difficulties.

3. Saskatchewan
A new method to regional land use planning is now being developed in Saskatchewan and
should be finished in the near future. At the end of December 2018, a regional planning
workshop for elected officials, government representatives, community leaders, and people
was held. In order to execute regional planning in Saskatchewan, the province is
establishing a framework and strategy.
Environmental Challenges
The Saskatchewan government is committed to finding answers to the environmental
challenges that our province, our country, and our globe confront. A large part of
Saskatchewan's emissions come from the province's heavy reliance on coal and other fossil
fuels. Across the globe, the effects of climate change can now be clearly observed. The
largest effect on Saskatchewan to yet has come from extreme rainfall events resulting in
massive floods, catastrophic forest and grassland fires, and the transfer of insect pests from
farther south.
Manitoba
Municipalities and planning districts in Manitoba are required to coordinate their planning
activities under the current Planning Act, which came into effect in 2005. Land use planning
was made mandatory for all local governments as a result of the act, which created a legal
foundation for regional planning. Several local governments may work together on a
number of land use planning concerns, including regional development plans, agriculture,
natural resource development, water, and transportation. It is also possible to create
planning districts to work on a number of land use planning concerns (Wegmann, 2020).
Procedures and requirements for creating regional strategies, planning districts, and
development plans are laid forth in Manitoba's Planning Act. No areas are defined, but the
guidelines for regional collaboration that goes beyond local government limits are laid
forth.
Environmental Challenges
There is a strong likelihood that extreme weather occurrences will become more common
in the future. Both our local economy and our local ecological will be impacted by these
changes. There will be an increase in the risk of flooding and drought in rural regions during
the next several years. Manitoba's southernmost region (Köppen Dfb) has a very humid
continental climate, and this includes Winnipeg. Despite its semi-arid climate, the Prairie
Provinces' most humid part receives only modest amounts of precipitation, despite its near-
semi-arid temperatures. Thunderstorms and tornadoes may come out of nowhere and at
any moment in Manitoba's rivers. All across the globe, wildfires pose a danger. Natural
disasters aren't the only things to be worried about; man-made ones are also a problem. In

4. the modern world, power failures, industrial disasters, and major transportation accidents
are all too prevalent. The polar bear population in Manitoba, Canada's central province, is
the world's greatest concentration. However, there are other more attractions in the region,
including numerous lakes, world-class museums, and unique festivals, to name a few.
Conclusion
One of the most common types of official plans is the comprehensive long-term vision and
goals and objectives for the future of a municipality or town that is prescribed by provincial
law. Local advisory committees, as well as provincial and regional regulatory authorities,
usually undertake public consultations and reviews after expert studies of the local
conditions have been carried out. A bylaw implementing the plan is passed by the local
council once the plan has been produced and approved (Wegmann, 2020). Also, probable is
the need for a province-wide clearance. General, community, or master plans address the
community's greatest social, economic, or environmental challenges and provide strategies
for overcoming them. A lengthy period of time (ten years or more) is required for formal
plans to be in place, with continuous updates required (every five years in some provinces).
While a few sections of the community may be deemed suitable for future growth, others
may be designated as places that need to be preserved or rehabilitated. In the end, local
policies, initiatives, and regulations are all based on official plans (such as zoning codes and
subdivision controls). Climate change adaptation may be directly included into a
municipality's official plan, either as a discrete section or as a recurring topic. Adaptation
vision and strategy, as well as prioritized adaption needs, are commonly included in such
agreements, as are local climate change risks and possibilities.
References
Kovach, B. Some Aspects Of Legal Regulation Of Land Zoning In Canada. planning, 5, 17.
Tretter, E., & Heyman, R. (2021). YIMBYISM and the housing crisis in Canada and the United
States: a critical reflection. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research.
Wegmann, J. (2020). Death to single-family zoning… and new life to the missing
middle. Journal of the American Planning Association, 86(1), 113-119.