course materials

1. Discussion:Health beliefs
Discussion:Health beliefs ON Discussion:Health beliefsPeople of Egyptian Heritage and
people of Filipino Heritage.Read chapter 13 and 28 of the class textbook(Transcultural
Health Care. A Culturally Competent Approach (4th ed.)Purnell, L.D.Publisher: F.A. Davis
Company; 4th edition)and review the attached PowerPoint presentations. Read chapter 28
in Davis Plus Online Website. Once done, write an essay discussing the health beliefs of both
heritages and if there is any similarity in both culture beliefs. Also, discuss how their beliefs
influence the delivery of evidence-based healthcare focusing on the nursing care.Your
assignment must have to be in APA format, Arial 12 with a minimum of 700 words, 4
evidence-based references no older than 5 years (excluding the class the class textbook. One
of them has to be of the class text book. Discussion:Health beliefsranscultural Health Care: A
Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition Filipino Americans Larry Purnell, PhD, RN,
FAAN Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally
Competent Approach, 4th Edition Overview/Heritage ? Almost 2 million in the United States
? Literally all speak English and Tagalog (Pilipino), and many speak Spanish and another
language. Discussion:Health beliefs? Predominantly from Malayan ancestry with influence
and mixtures from other Asian groups, Spanish, and Arab Transcultural Health Care: A
Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition Overview/Heritage Continued ?
Americanization of the Philippines began after the Spanish–American War ? Immigrant
Filipinos make up the majority of Filipinos in the United States ? Unrestricted immigration
in the early 1900s then very restricted in 1924 because of the Exclusionist policies of
Immigration Act of 1924 Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th
Edition Overview/Heritage Continued ? Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 eliminated
the quota system for the Philippines resulting in large numbers of middle class and
professionals coming to the United States ? Included relatives of Filipinos living in the
United States Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Overview/Heritage Continued. Discussion:Health beliefs? First group were primarily single
men who were brought to the United States to work in Alaskan canneries, farms in
California, and plantations in Hawaii and endured much discrimination ? Most were
restricted from owning or leasing land and could not become US citizens Transcultural
Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition Overview/Heritage Continued ?
After WW II, many Filipino Veterans immigrated and settled on the West Coast ? Now more
women than men immigrate to the United States ? Well educated immigrants continue to
have difficulty in finding similar work in the United States unless they are in the healthcare

2. field Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Communications ? Tagalog is the national language with English the second official
language ? Eight other dialects are spoken as well as Spanish ? Taglish is common among
immigrants and American born Filipinos ? Highly contextual communication patterns
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition Communications
Continued ? Pakikisama—smoother interpersonal relationships and sacrifice exact
meaning. Discussion:Health beliefs? External or outsider communication and internal or
one-of-us communication proceeds on different levels Transcultural Health Care: A
Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition Communications Continued ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Interacting level Participating level Conforming level Adjusting level Understanding and
acceptance level Getting involved level Being one with level Transcultural Health Care: A
Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition Communications Continued ? An exclusive “we”
and an inclusive “we” ? Eye contact varies with age, education, and acculturation ? Many
ways to say yes, but how do you say no? Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent
Approach, 4th Edition Communications Continued ? Respect the past, enjoy the present, and
hope for the future ? Filipino time for social events, clock time if really important events,
business, and work usually ? Many names are Spanish in origin ? One of the middle names is
the mother’s maiden name Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach,
4th Edition ClickerCheck Many Filipinos speak Tag-Lish, which is a. A combination of
Tagalog and English. b. The indigenous language of the Philippines. c. The official language
of the Philippines. d. A combination of Spanish and English. Discussion:Health
beliefsTranscultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition Correct
Answer Correct answer: A Tag-Lish is a combination of Tagalog and English. Transcultural
Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition Family Roles ? Matriarchal
before Spanish, then Patriarchal, now more egalitarian in decision making ? Gender neutral
pronouns causing confusion with he and she in English ? Respect is a dominant family value
and older children may assume the role of parent Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally
Competent Approach, 4th Edition Family Roles Continued. Discussion:Health beliefs? Honor
and care for parents or brings shame to the family ? Nuclear family is dominant although
polygamous families exist among Moslem Filipinos ? Extended family members are
important ? Education is paramount for children and parents sacrifice so at least one child
will become educated and help the others if necessary Transcultural Health Care: A
Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition Family Roles Continued ? Respect is shown to
elders with deferential behavior ? Grandparents become surrogate parents for their
grandchildren in the United States especially ? Advance degree brings higher social status
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition Family Roles
Continued ? Filipino organizations targeted to gays and lesbians ? Chastity is valued
premaritally ? Single parenting becoming more common in the United States Transcultural
Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition Biocultural Ecology ? Varying
skin tones of brown and tan with dark eyes, flat nose bridges, and mildly flared nostrils ?
Most are of smaller stature than European Americans ? More difficult to determine age than
in European Americans because of youthful face Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally
Competent Approach, 4th Edition Biocultural Ecology Continued ? Endemic conditions in

3. the Philippines include malaria, tuberculosis, gastrointestinal disorders, due to parasitosis,
cardiovascular related disease, cancer, respiratory diseases, nutritional diseases, HTN, and
diabetes ? Sensitive to the effects of alcohol and require lower doses of neuroleptics
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition Nutrition ?
Fundamental form of socialization ? Any occasion is an occasion for food ? Wide variety of
foods and prepared in a variety of ways ? Outsiders are served western food.
Discussion:Health beliefs? Insiders are served Filipino food ? To help in the kitchen you are
really an insider Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Nutrition Continued ? Rice may be served at every meal, most common meats are fish,
chicken, and pork ? Diet varies among urban and rural areas ? Lactose intolerance among
adults ? Milk in cooked desserts is tolerated well ? Salt and vinegar are used frequently ?
Moderation in food is considered important Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally
Competent Approach, 4th Edition Nutrition Continued ? Considered polite to leave some
food on your plate ? Herbs are grown in many homes to be used for cooking and for
medicinal purposes ? Newer immigrants are at risk of nutritional deficiencies if unfamiliar
with American foods Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th
Edition Childbearing Family ? Catholic religion influences birth control practices —rhythm
method only ? Abortion is considered a sin, carries a stigma, and leads to back door
abortions ? Pregnancy is a time for pampering and attention from entire family ? Mother of
pregnant woman has a very special role Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent
Approach, 4th Edition Childbearing Family Continued ? Consult healthcare provider plus a
massage therapist for advice ? Reluctant to take any medicine during pregnancy, even
vitamins for fear of harming the fetus ? Satisfy cravings so baby will not be marked with the
craving Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Childbearing Family Continued ? Should be protected from a sudden fright for fear it will
harm the fetus ? Mother rather than husband may be the coach during birthing.
Discussion:Health beliefs? Traditional may not want to bathe but engage in sponge bath and
aromatic oils ? Soup increases lactation Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent
Approach, 4th Edition Death Rituals ? Three days to week for wake after death to await for
family to come together—varies in United States because of work schedules ? Plenty of food
available and family support ? Nine days of novenas in the home or church are common ?
Ritualistic mourning wearing black for one year Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally
Competent Approach, 4th Edition Death Rituals Continued ? Burial is the most common but
cremation is okay ? Body or ashes may be returned to the Philippines ? Open expression of
emotions and may include fainting Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent
Approach, 4th Edition Spirituality ? 80% Christian with 90% of them Roman Catholic ? 5%
practices Islam ? Many returning to Bathala, ancestral religion with a spiritualist guide who
is usually a woman Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th
Edition Spirituality Continued ? Novenas and prayers are commonly said for the sick person
? Good health comes to those who are in good with God and is the “Will of God” ? Many are
considered fatalistic, life is up to God, there is little one can do to change life circumstances
and the forces of nature, monsoons, tides, volcanoes, earthquakes, etc. Transcultural Health
Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition Healthcare Practices ? Adhere to

4. Western medicine and traditional practices simultaneously ? Health is the result of balance
and moderation and God’s Will ? Adequate sleep, rest, nutrition, and cleanliness are
important for good health ? Aromatic baths restore balance Transcultural Health Care: A
Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition Healthcare Practices Continued .
Discussion:Health beliefs? In the Philippines many medicines can be purchased over-the-
counter ? May hoard and share medicine ? Many do not seek care until the illness is
advanced ? Many distrust the healthcare environment ? In the Philippines, one pays for
testing before the testing is done Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent
Approach, 4th Edition Healthcare Practices Continued ? ? ? ? Protect oneself from wind and
cold Avoid extremes of hot and cold—balance Introduce changes gradually Pain is part of
life and may be atonement for immoral behavior and leads to stoicism ? Mental illness
carries a stigma, is hereditary and may affect one’s ability for a spouse Transcultural Health
Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition Healthcare Practices Continued ?
Mental illness may be severe before help is sought —take care of family member at home ?
Somatization of symptoms is common ? Important to maintain self-esteem and self-image
for self and family ? Able to enter the sick role easily Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally
Competent Approach, 4th Edition ClickerCheck Mrs. Lino, age 38 years, has been seeing a
traditional Filipino healer for her pregnancy complications. A Filipino traditional healer is a.
Galang. b. Utang na loob. c. Hilot. d. Hiya. Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent
Approach, 4th Edition Correct Answer Correct answer: C A hilot is a traditional Filipino
healer. Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition Egyptian
American Culture Larry Purnell, PhD, RN, FAAN Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition Egyptian
Overview/Heritage ? The Egyptian people have a strong sense of identity with their country
and demonstrate pride in coming from such an old civilization. ? The Arab conquest of
Egypt around 641 AD spread the Islamic and Arabic culture among the Egyptians. ? This
long history and the diversity of populations have influenced the value systems, beliefs, and
explanatory frameworks Egyptians use in their daily lives. Discussion:Health
beliefsCopyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally
Competent Approach, 4th Edition Egyptian Overview/Heritage ? More than 1 million people
of Egyptian ancestry live in the United States. ? The highest concentrations are in New York,
Los Angeles, Washington, DC; Chicago, and San Francisco. Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis
Company Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Egyptian Communication ? The dominant language of Egyptians is Arabic. ? The written
Arabic language is the same in all Arab countries, but spoken Arabic is dialectical and does
not necessarily follow proper Arabic grammar. ? For Egyptians in the United States, English
is the language of communication in business and contact with American society.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition Egyptian
Communication ? Respect is expected when speaking with those who are older or in higher
social positions. ? Politeness, adab, is related to what is appropriate, expected, and socially
sanctioned. ? Truth and reality may be sacrificed for what is appropriate and polite. ?
Sharing negative news directly or asking for Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition Egyptian

5. Communication ? Egyptians tend to be in touch with their inner feelings and are highly
expressive of them. ? Egyptians tend to share problems and the most minute details about
their lives with their trusted circle of insiders. ? Because their personal space tends to be
small, Egyptians stand and sit very close to each other. Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis
Company Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Egyptian Communication ? Men, whether strangers or acquaintances, touch each other. ?
Similarly, it is acceptable for women to touch each other. ? Women tend to keep male
friends as far away as male strangers. Discussion:Health beliefs? Traditionally, it is
unacceptable for women and men to touch each other unless they are close family
members. Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally
Competent Approach, 4th Edition Egyptian Communication ? Touch between the sexes is
accepted in private and only between husbands and wives, parents and children, and adult
brothers and sisters. ? Devout Muslim men and women do not touch each other, even a
handshake is not practiced. In these situations, a nod of the head substitutes for a physical
greeting. Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally
Competent Approach, 4th Edition Egyptian Communication ? Egyptians speak with their
mouth, face, hands, and their entire bodies communicating the meaning of their language. ?
Their facial expressions are mirrors of their internal processes and reflections of their inner
evaluations of their situations. A wide-eyed gaze to a child means “stop it now.” A wink to an
adult means “watch what you are saying.” Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition Egyptian
Communication ? Egyptians think of those who do not maintain eye contact or who have
shifty eye contact as people who should not be trusted. ? Among the more traditional,
women and men who are strangers may avoid eye contact out of modesty and respect for
religious rules. Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company Transcultural Health Care: A
Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition Egyptian Communication ? Most older
Egyptians cherish the past, whereas most younger Egyptians live in the present. ? Social
time takes a high priority, and engagements are not concluded because of other scheduled
appointments; therefore, guests are expected to arrive 1 to 2 hours late. Discussion:Health
beliefs? However, they are punctual for business engagements and meetings. Copyright ©
2013 F.A. Davis Company Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th
Edition Egyptian Communication ? Children are given a first name; the father’s first name is
used as the middle name; the last name is the family name. A person is called formally by
the first name, such as Mr. William. ? Respect is demonstrated in the use of titles. Older
people should never be called by their first name without an adjective or title. ? The
accepted U.S. custom of addressing clients by their first name may be insulting to Egyptians.
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent
Approach, 4th Edition Egyptian Family Roles and Organization ? The demands of life on
immigrants and nuclear families promote sharing responsibilities and decision-making. ? To
preserve traditional roles that contribute to a more egalitarian family organization, family
roles change considerably after immigration. ? The absence of an extended family results in
greater fluidity in roles and participation in all family matters. Transcultural Health Care: A
Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition Egyptian Family Roles and Organization ?

6. Social status is gained through professional accomplishments, financial success, and
involvement in Egyptian community affairs. ? Children are treasured in the present and
viewed as security for their parents’ future. During their early years, they are expected to be
studious and goal-oriented, respectful, and loyal to the family. Transcultural Health Care: A
Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition Egyptian Family Roles and Organization ?
When children become adults, they are expected to take care of their elderly parents. ?
Religious beliefs and teachings forbid premarital sex and adultery for both Egyptian
Muslims and Christians.? The greatest calamity that may happen in an Egyptian household
is to have a daughter lose her virginity before marriage. Transcultural Health Care: A
Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition Egyptian Family Roles and Organization ? This
fear stems from a potential lack of marriageability of the daughter, loss of face for the father,
and gossip within the community. ? Egyptian children are expected to marry Egyptians.
However, because many secondgeneration Egyptian Americans do not reside in areas with
an abundance of Egyptians, crosscultural marriages are becoming more common.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition Egyptian Family
Roles and Organization ? As Egyptians grow older, they are treated with gentleness and are
never made to believe that their usefulness is limited because of retirement. ? Their
children and extended families are obligated to care for them. ? Women gain status with age
and with childbearing. Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th
Edition Egyptian Family Roles and Organization ? Many older people have a morbid fear of
being forced to move into a nursing home. ? Many consider returning to their home country
to avoid the humiliation of aging in America. ? Divorce is not considered a stigma but an
unfortunate situation and one in which the children pay the greatest price. Transcultural
Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition Egyptian Family Roles and
Organization ? Communal and same-sex families are a concept that does not exist in
Egyptian societies. ? Same-sex relationships are rarely disclosed. ? To be gay or lesbian is
considered immoral and is not accepted by any Arab or Middle Eastern religions. ? To
discover a gay son or lesbian daughter is akin to a catastrophic event for Egyptian
Americans. Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
ClickerCheck An older Egyptian man comes to the Emergency Department with acute
abdominal pain. He is unable to speak English. …Purchase answer to see full attachment