Rainwater harvesting for water literacy in Govt schools in Devanahalli

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COLLABORATIVE EFFORT BETWEEN BIOME
ENVIRONMENTAL TRUST, WIPRO CARES
AND WIPRO AEROSPACE AND DEFENCE
PLANT IN DEVANAHALLI
FINAL REPORT
2016-2020
RAINWATER HARVESTING
FOR WATER LITERACY IN
GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS

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1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...................................................................................................................................................1
2 PROGRAM DETAILS AND ENVISAGING THE PROGRAM ..................................................................................2
2.1 Program Location .......................................................................................................................................................................... 2
2.2 Objective............................................................................................................................................................................................ 2
2.3 Approach under the Project ...................................................................................................................................................... 3
2.4 Process Followed for Implementation of RWH System in School ............................................................................. 3
3 ACTIVITIES UNDER TAKEN .........................................................................................................................................4
3.1 RWH Installation in Schools ...................................................................................................................................................... 4
3.1.1 Arsenahalli Higher Primary School............................................................................................................................ 4
3.1.2 Gangawara Higher Primary School ............................................................................................................................ 5
3.1.3 Gopalpuram Lower Primary School........................................................................................................................... 6
3.1.4 Government Higher Primary School, Vijayapura ................................................................................................. 7
3.1.5 Hunsur Primary School................................................................................................................................................... 8
3.1.6 Kadusonnapanahalli High School................................................................................................................................ 9
3.1.7 Kannur Primary School.................................................................................................................................................10
3.1.8 Rajiv Nagar Higher Primary School..........................................................................................................................10
3.1.9 Urdu Higher Primary School, Vijayapura...............................................................................................................12
3.1.10 Urdu High School, Vijayapura.....................................................................................................................................12
3.2 Repair and Maintenance activities in all 10 schools throughout the year ...........................................................14
3.3 Wipro A & D Volunteer activity..............................................................................................................................................14
3.4 Multi Stakeholders Meeting/Event.......................................................................................................................................14
3.5 Awareness Initiatives.................................................................................................................................................................15
3.5.1 Awareness Sessions........................................................................................................................................................15
3.5.2 Watch Committee............................................................................................................................................................16
3.5.3 Communication Material for Schools ......................................................................................................................17
3.5.4 Teacher Holding Material.............................................................................................................................................18
3.5.5 Documentation Videos ..................................................................................................................................................19
3.5.6 Classroom Painting at Rajiv Nagar School, Vijayapura ....................................................................................20
4 EVALUATION OF TEN SCHOOLS .............................................................................................................................21
5. LEARNINGS..........................................................................................................................................................................I
6. APPENDIX-1: MAINTENANCE MANUAL ................................................................................................................ II
7. APPENDIX-2: ANNUAL RAINWATER HARVESTED IN EACH SCHOOL......................................................IV

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LIST OF FIGURES
PG NO.
Figure 1 Project Location 2
Figure 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 RWH Implementation in Arsenahalli High School 5
Figure 8, 9, 10 RWH Implementation in Gangawara High School 6
Figure 8, 9, 10 RWH Implementation in Gopalpuram Lower Primary School 7
Figure 14, 15, 16, 17 RWH Implementation in Government Higher Primary School 8
Figure 18, 19, 20 RWH Implementation in Hunsur Primary School 8
Figure 21, 22, 23 RWH Implementation in Kadusonnapanahalli High School 9
Figure 24, 25, 26 RWH Implementation in Kadusonnapanahalli High School 10
Figure 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 RWH Implementation in Rajiv Nagar Higher Primary School 11
Figure 33, 34, 35 RWH Implementation in Urdu Higher Primary School, Vijayapura 12
Figure 36, 37 RWH Implementation in Urdu High School, Vijayapura 13
Figure 38, 39, 40, 41, 42 Sample Repair and Maintenance Works in all 10 Schools 13
Figure 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48 Activities Conducted in School 14
Figure 49, 50, 51, 52 Scenes of Multi Stakeholder Meeting 15
Figure 53, 54, 55, 56 Awareness sessions Conducted in School 15
Figure 57, 58 Watch Committee in Gangawara High School 16
Figure 59, 60 Watch Committee in Urdu Primary School 16
Figure 61 Poster for Estimating Water Demand 17
Figure 62 Poster on Local Water Cycle 17
Figure 63: Poster on Rainwater Harvesting 18
Figure 64, 65 Sample Teacher Holding Material 18
Figure 66 Documentation Video 19
Figure 67 Block Education Officer Talk 19
Figure 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73 School reopening pictures after painting 20

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1 Executive Summary
Devanahalli is a Town Municipal Council city in district of Bangalore Rural, Karnataka with a population
of 28,051 (Census 2011). Owing to the presence of the Kempegowda International Airport, this town is
urbanizing fast and depends upon groundwater for its water needs. The primary observation of the
initial visits to the schools and villages around the region were:
▪ Children coming to government school are typically children of
landless laborers and lower economic and social status like from SC/
STs and other backward classes. Farmers who have sold off their land
or people from upper social economic background typically send their
children to private schools.
▪ Villages have groundwater problem especially in irrigation context.
However, they may or may not have drinking water problems.
Sanitation in terms of lack of toilets and awareness about hygiene, and
open defecation are clearly prevalent issues. Water, sanitation and
nutrition pose big challenges in this region.
▪ Availability and Access to water seem to be the problem for many
government schools
However, in all the schools there was an expressed need around water,
sanitation and health linkages in terms of awareness and education for the children. Hence, Biome
Environmental Trust (Biome hereinafter in the document) proposed working with the schools in the
community by doing rainwater harvesting (RWH) which can act as a good entry point to evolve into a
potential larger community engagement on these issues mentioned above.
The program was envisaged as a combination of infrastructural implementation of RWH and water
literacy through communication. A total of 10 government schools were shortlisted after due diligence
and RWH and water literacy modules were delivered over a period of 2 years. The next couple of years
focused on creating learning materials, increasing sense of ownership about the RWH system and
operation and maintenance of the implemented infrastructure.
The program has impacted 1338 students in 10 government schools directly. One of the students from
Rajiv Nagar Higher Primary School, Vijayapura has taken the learnings back home and forced his father
to do RWH at their home. On an average one lakh litres of rainwater is harvested annually in each of the
schools which meets the demand of approximately 100 days in a year (considering 1000 Litre per day
demand in each school).
One of the positive outcomes of the program has been; engagement with the Block Education Officer
(BEO) of Devanahalli Taluk. Ms. Gayathri Devi has immensely supported the project and showed
enthusiasm to take it further in many more schools across the taluk.
The document below elaborates on the activities undertaken in the program over a period of 3-4 years.
Figure 2: Project Location

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2 Program Details and Envisaging the Program
2.1 Program Location
In and around Devanahalli Wipro Aerospace and Defense Plant.
2.2 Objective
• Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) implementation in 10 Government schools
• Maintenance of infrastructure in 10 Government schools
• Enhance the school and community’s understanding and sense of ownership of the RWH
Systems by building the capacity of all stakeholders and formation of an informal “project
watch” committee
To achieve the above objectives, the work was proposed in three phases i.e. conversation phase or pre-
intervention phase, intervention or implementation phase and post intervention or monitoring phase.
The details of the phases are laid in the table below:
Phase of the work Activities Intent
Conversation phase or
Pre-intervention phase
To identify and shortlist schools
for RWH intervention based on
certain criteria
The most deserving schools are
benefitted of the intervention.
Also, convergence with Wipro
Cares project partners HEADS
and Magic Bus India is achieved
To identify different
stakeholders like Block
Education Officers (BEO), School
Development and Management
Committee (SDMC), Panchayat,
active teachers and students
To understand the stakeholders
to ensure long term sustainability
for the RWH intervention
Participatory design process
with involvement of teachers and
students
An opportunity to share multiple
ideas, understand the challenges
faced by the school and help in
designing suitable choices for
RWH
Intervention or
Implementation Phase
The hard component -
Installation of RWH system,
reviving existing RWH structures
(if possible) and minor plumbing
work to ensure functional toilets
To engage with the community on
the larger issues of water
conservation. Installation of
Rainwater Harvesting in govt.
schools can be the entry point to
this needed engagement
Soft component- To engage in
activity-based learning on water
and sanitation, posters, videos,
small movies to emphasize
Increasing awareness about
water, sanitation and hygiene
(WASH), highlight the importance

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importance of water and
sanitation
of rainwater harvesting as a
source of water.
Post Intervention
Monitoring Phase
Operation & Maintenance (O &
M) monitoring of the installed
systems, put in processes for
enhancing community
ownership of the system
To understand and manage
various socio-economic factors
for O&M so that sustainability for
the rainwater harvesting
intervention could be ensured
2.3 Approach under the Project
• Addressing the issues with water and sanitation infrastructure within schools
• Creating awareness on water and sanitation issues
• Rainwater harvesting and infrastructure management as entry points to engage with the school
on the larger issues: WASH and nutrition.
• The activities and lessons were paired to match the infrastructure related activities, creating a
participatory engagement with the school, the school administration and the school children
2.4 Process Followed for Implementation of RWH System in School
Pre-implementation Phase Implementation Phase Post-Implementation Phase
Identify the interested
schools
Collect baseline
information
Shortlist based on
priority and need
Co-design solutions
required in shortlisted
schools
Educational sessions for
water literacy and O&M
Implementation of the
solutions with required
assistance
Monitoring the RWH
system periodically
Project Observations translate
into learnings

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3 Activities Under taken
3.1 RWH Installation in Schools
Rainwater Harvesting Implementation was completed in 10 government schools:
3.1.1 Arsenahalli Higher Primary School
The student strength is 52 (as of 2019). The school has mainly four blocks which are separate from each
other and the roof structure is a mix of flat roof and sloping tiled roof. The school also has Anganwadi
within its premises and does not have a water supply. The school also has a large playground and very
well-maintained garden.
The current water supply system for the school mainly consists of Panchayat bore well supply to an
underground sump behind the school. The water from the underground sump is pumped into a HDPE
tank of 1000L and supplied to both cooking room, toilets and hand wash.
A. Issues observed in terms of water sanitation:
• Intermittent water supply
• Not enough water for all students especially Anganwadi
• Anganwadi toilet doesn’t have a water connection and basic sanitation facility for such young
kids
• Not enough storage structure for water
• Less water for Garden
B. Work done in the school:
• A new underground sump with capacity of around 5KL was constructed.
• Rooftop rainwater from office room, cooking room, flat roof and sloping roof 2 (as shown in the
image below) after filtration is directed to the newly constructed sump.
• The new sump also has a connection from Panchayat bore well with a valve system so that
water can be stored and used in non-rainy days.
• Two new HDPE tanks of 500L capacity each are placed above office room and Anganwadi.
Provision is made to pump water from the new sump to these two HDPE tanks. From these two
tanks, plumbing connection is given to the toilet near Anganwadi

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The total cost of implementation in the school was Rs. 1,60,741.
3.1.2 Gangawara Higher Primary School
The student strength of the school is 51. The school has 4 separate blocks and a kitchen block. There are
two toilets, separate for boys and girls. Two of the roofs are sloping and 2 others are flat.
The school has one sump of 1500 L and a 500L HDPE tank placed above the kitchen. The existing sump
has water connection from the Panchayat. The water from sump is pumped to the HDPE tank and then
to the toilets. For drinking water, 20L cans are purchased from outside.
A. Issues observed in terms of water and sanitation:
• Water supply is very infrequent. School need to call up tankers to fill the sump every now and
then
• Small storage system
• Water for toilets is an issue observed by the school. Toilets not being used since water supply is
not uniform
• A New sump of 2500 L-3000 L is constructed
• An HDPE tank of 500L is placed above the toilets
• Part of Sloping roofs of two blocks and a flat roof of one block are connected through 2 filters to
the new sump.
• Water from new sump is connected to new 500L HDPE tank above toilets
• Rooftop downpipes of remaining block are connected to the existing sump through first rain
separator.
• Rainwater Harvesting has facilitated usage of toilets and cleanliness of toilets in the school
regularly.
Figure 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7: RWH Implementation in Arsenahalli High School

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The total cost of implementation in the school was Rs. 1,71,601
3.1.3 Gopalpuram Lower Primary School
The school has student strength of 31. The school only has one building block with a flat roof structure.
An Anganwadi also exists within the school premises.
There is an overhead HDPE tank of 500 L above the toilets. The water supply from the Panchayat is
directly to this overhead tank. From the tank, water flows down into the toilet.
• Small storage. The overhead tank is smaller and has leakage
• Less water for toilet due to intermittent supply and difficulty in managing the toilet hygiene
• A new sump is constructed of capacity 2500L-3000 L so that additional storage is created
• Rooftop downpipes of the existing flat roof of the block are connected to the new sump after
filtration
• The new sump is connected to the overhead tank on the toilet
• The existing HDPE tank is replaced with a larger capacity -1000L so that the school has enough
storage.
• The existing Panchayat water connection is given to the new sump so that sump asset is
utilized as well in non-rainy days.
Figure 8, 9, 10: RWH Implementation in Gangawara High School

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3.1.4 Government Higher Primary School, Vijayapura
The school strength is 415 students. The school has 3 buildings with a mix of sloped and flat roof.
The school has an existing sump of 5KL. The water supply is through Panchayat provided tankers to this
existing sump. A new water connection is provided to a cylindrical tank, but water supply has not yet
started due to some technical difficulties. Water from the existing sump is pumped to two overhead
tanks, one of the overhead tanks is only used for drinking and cooking purposes and other one for
toilets. The school had constructed new toilets with internal plumbing connections.
• Intermittent supply
• Not enough water for 400+ students
• New toilet not functioning due to lack of water supply
• Water filter for drinking not working
• No other water storage facility other than the existing sump
• A new sump of 4KL was constructed adjacent to the existing sump. Both the sumps are
connected with a valve so that during non-rainy days also the sumps will be used
• Rooftop downpipes of only one block were connected to the filter and to the new sump as the
other two were planned to be demolished
• A new motor/pump of 1 HP was fitted to pump the water to the overhead tank supplying water
to the toilets.
• A new plumbing line from the overhead tank to the toilets was dug and the overflow from the
overhead tank was connected to the existing cylindrical tank.
• New taps were fit to the cylindrical tank and the water is used for washing vessels
• An iron mesh was made around the handwash to prevent vandalism
Figure 11, 12, 13: RWH Implementation in Gopalpuram Lower Primary School

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3.1.5 Hunsur Primary School
The school has student strength of 51 students. It has 2 blocks, one used by the school and the other by
Anganwadi. A 200 L overhead tank receives direct supply from the Panchayat. This water is used for
washing vessels and handwash. An unused and un-maintained sump exists in the school. New toilets
were constructed but without any water connection.
• Sump is unclean and not maintained
• Water quality is questionable
• Toilets do not have water connection
• Don’t have reliable, frequent water supply
• The existing sump was cleaned, repaired and made functional. A motor was fitted into the
sump
• Rooftop downpipes from the school block and partially from Anganwadi rooftop were
connected to the sump after passing through the filter
• A 500L overhead tank was placed above the toilet
• The new sump is connected to the new overhead tank above the toilets. Internal plumbing
connections from the overhead tank to inside the toilet were given. Other sanitary fixtures like
taps, etc. were also provided
Figure 14, 15, 16, 17: RWH Implementation in Government Higher Primary School
Figure 18, 19, 20: RWH Implementation in Hunsur Primary School

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The total cost of implementation in the school was Rs. 75,840
3.1.6 Kadusonnapanahalli High School
The Government High School is located in Kannur taluk. It’s a double storey building with 2 blocks in
the campus. The school has big playground in front of these two blocks. There is an elevated stage
present where regular events of the school are held. There is new construction diagonal opposite to one
of the blocks, which is the Samudaya Bhavan/Angaanwadi.
The school receives water supply from the Panchayat borewell. The water is supplied to an existing
sump of 5KL. From the sump water is pumped to two 500L overhead tanks. One of the overhead tanks
is used for drinking purposes and other for toilets.
• High Hardness in water from the borewell
• Toilets and other sanitary fixtures unmaintained
• The downpipes collecting Roof water from the existing block are channelized to pass through a
Rainy Filter, which will remove leaves, dust, twigs or any other material from the rainwater.
• This water is stored in two 2000L HDPE tanks. These tanks are placed on an elevated platform
built with bricks, Kadapa stones and other necessary materials.
• The Rainy filter is placed inside the school near the staircase at certain height. In addition to this,
both these tanks are covered with a protective grill. This is to ensure safety of the installed
structures.
• The water from these two tanks is used in toilets. The tanks are interconnected in such a way,
that once one tank fills it’ll overflow into another tank.
• The flow from these tanks is channelized to the pipe, which carries water to the toilets. Both boys
and girls toilet are given tap connection inside the toilet.
• After the initial work as stated above, the school had asked to connect overflow pipe from
existing overhead tank supplying water to the toilets to the new HDPE tanks. This was to ensure
that during non-rainy days the tanks are not empty
Figure 21, 22, 23: RWH Implementation in Kadusonnapanahalli High School

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3.1.7 Kannur Primary School
The student’s strength of the school is 50. It is a single storey single block school. There are separate
toilets for boys and girls.
The school gets water into the school sump from the Panchayat borewell. While this sump is big
enough (~10000L), it doesn’t get filled up very often. The school has UV filter and in working
condition.
• The rooftop downpipes were connected to the existing sump after passing through a rainy filter.
• An iron mesh was provided around the rainy filter to protect from vandalism
• From the sump water is pumped to the existing overhead tank and used for all purposes
3.1.8 Rajiv Nagar Higher Primary School
The school has a student strength of 95. It is a single storey building with one block. Separate toilets
for boys and girls exist.
The school receives Panchayat water supply for 3-4 hours in a week. The water supply is insufficient
hence water tankers are provided by the Panchayat. The toilets were constructed by an NGO Reaching
hands.
• No overhead tank so water from the sump is carried by buckets for usage in kitchen and toilets
• The sanitation infrastructure like valve chamber for septic tank, the level around the septic
tank, the toilet doors, taps were either missing or broken
• No drinking water filter
• No handwash facility available
• Water stagnation near toilet blocks leading to unhygienic conditions in the premises
Figure 24, 25, 26: RWH Implementation in Kadusonnapanahalli High School

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• Plumbing to the toilets was missing
• All the rooftop downpipes were connected to the existing sump after filtration
• A new overhead tank was placed above the toilets
• A pump was fitted into the sump to pump water from the sump to the overhead tank
• From the overhead tank the plumbing connections were given to both girls and boys toilets
• Taps and other sanitary fixtures were newly provided, and repair work done
• A new handwash facility was constructed. From the overhead tank, water connection was given
to the handwash
• The grey water from handwash facility was directed towards the school garden
• An additional tap was provided near the sump for access to kitchen
• Repairing sanitation systems like fixing of valve chamber, levelling of ground near septic tank,
new toilet door was also done
Read more at: http://bengaluru.urbanwaters.in/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2017/08/Impact-
story-Rainwater-harvesting-in-a-school-1.pdf
Figure 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32: RWH Implementation in Rajiv Nagar Higher Primary School

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3.1.9 Urdu Higher Primary School, Vijayapura
The student strength is 208. It’s a single storey building with multiple blocks in the campus. Both the
primary and high school are in same campus but administered independently without sharing any
available water sources.
The entire campus has 3 buildings, of which 2 belong to primary school. The school has two
underground sumps of 4KL and 4.5 KL respectively. Both the sumps receive water from the
Panchayat. Water from 4.5 KL sump is pumped to two overhead tanks of 500L capacity each. One
overhead tank is connected to handwash and other to one set of toilets. 4KL sump does not have pump
and water is manually carried by buckets.
A. Issues observed in terms of water and sanitation
• Intermittent supply from Panchayat tankers
• No motor to pump the water into the overhead tank
• No plumbing from the existing sump to the overhead tank for supply to the toilets
B. Work done in the school
• After discussion with the school management, only one of the rooftops was considered for
rainwater harvesting.
• The rooftop downpipes were connected to a new rain barrel after first rain separation
mechanism.
• From this rain barrel, connections were given to handwash and to the 4KL sump.
• A pump was fitted into 4KL sump to give connection to the overhead tank above the toilets
• Also, given the safety and security concerns of the rain barrel, a metal mesh is created around
the tank to protect it from vandalism
3.1.10 Urdu High School, Vijayapura
The student strength is 88. Urdu Higher Primary School and High School use the same premises
however are administered separately. The high school uses two blocks in the campus, one for the
office and other for three classrooms. The school occupies only ground floor.
The school has 10KL underground sump. Water from this sump is pumped to the overhead tank above
the toilet and to tank about kitchen room. Each overhead tank is of 500L. From the tank above kitchen,
water is supplied to the handwash as well.
Figure 33, 34, 35: RWH Implementation in Urdu Higher Primary School, Vijayapura

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• Building block used for classrooms is considered for rainwater harvesting
• Rooftop downpipes from this building are connected to a rain barrel of 1000 L after filtration
through a rainy filter
• The handwash is also given connection from this rain barrel
• The overflow from the rain barrel is given to the existing sump
• The rain barrel is also provided with a tap and iron mesh
• Handwash was repaired as water stagnation was observed due to food particles
• A platform was provided to the handwash for facilitating access to handwash for younger
students
The total cost of implementation in the Urdu Higher Primary and Urdu High school together was Rs.
1,23,035
Figure 36, 37: RWH Implementation in Urdu High School, Vijayapura

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3.2 Repair and Maintenance activities in all 10 schools throughout the year
3.3 Wipro A & D Volunteer activity
• On World Environment Day, Tree plantation drive was conducted in 2 government schools viz.
Gangavara Higher Primary School and Arsenahalli Higher Primary School on 30th June 2018
• April 2019: Movie Shoot and Volunteer activity in Gangawara School. Cardboard Model of RWH
was made by students and Wipro Volunteers
• August 2019: Water quality testing, painting/sketching by students and volunteers on
rainwater harvesting. Winner team was awarded books on water
3.4 Multi Stakeholders Meeting/Event
• All stakeholders event was held in Rajiv Nagar Higher Primary school on 16th Dec 2018.
Figure 38, 39, 40, 41, 42: Sample Repair and Maintenance Works in all 10 Schools
Figure 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48: Activities Conducted in School

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• Teachers from Urdu Higher Primary school, Gangavara Higher Primary school, Arsenahalli Higher
Primary School, Kannur Lower Primary School and SDMC members from Rajiv Nagar school
participated in the event.
• HEADS team, Block Education Officer of Devanahalli Taluk also participated in the event and
shared their thoughts on the Initiative
3.5 Awareness Initiatives
• Creation of Maintenance Manual in English and Kannada (See Appendix -1 for the manual)
3.5.1 Awareness Sessions
• Created awareness sessions on water supply, rainwater harvesting, water demand maintenance
requirement among the students, Teacher and SDMC (School Development and Management
Committee)
Figure 49, 50, 51, 52: Scenes of Multi Stakeholder Meeting
Figure 53, 54, 55, 56: Awareness Sessions Conducted in School

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3.5.2 Watch Committee
• Informal Project watch committee formation in schools to maintain the RWH infrastructure. The
committee consists of students of higher classes, 1 or 2 teachers and plumber.
Figure 57, 58: Watch Committee in Gangawara High Figure 59, 60: Watch Committee in Urdu Primary School

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3.5.3 Communication Material for Schools
Figure 61: Poster for Estimating Water Demand Figure 62: Poster on Local Water Cycle
Figure 63: Poster on Rainwater Harvesting

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3.5.4 Teacher Holding Material
Teacher holding material distributed to each school as reference material on implemented RWH
system in their respective schools. This helps future coming teachers and students to understand the
existing RWH system
Figure 64, 65: Sample Teacher Holding Material

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3.5.5 Documentation Videos
• A small movie documenting the work done has been made. Watch here
• Block Education Officer of Devanahalli Taluk very keen to take the initiative to many other schools
in the Taluk. A conversation about centralized maintenance fund through Zilla Panchayat for all
schools for RWH maintenance was also discussed. See the video of Block education officer talking
about the project and furtherance of the same in many schools
Figure 66: Documentation Video
Figure 67: Block Education Officer Talk

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3.5.6 Classroom Painting at Rajiv Nagar School, Vijayapura
Figure 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73: School reopening pictures after painting

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4 Evaluation of Ten Schools
Indicators
of Success
Urdu High Urdu
Primary
Rajiv
Nagar
Arsenahal
li
Gangawar
a
Kannur Kadusonn-
apanahalli
Gopalpura GHPS
Kannada,
Vijayapura
Hunsur
Number of
Students
85 250 95 52 51 90 218 31 415 51
Initial need of
system
Low Medium Very high High High Medium to
high
Medium Medium High High
Rainwater
usage
High.
Handwashi
ng, toilets,
cooking and
drinking
after RO
filter
Medium.
Toilets
and
handwash
ing
Medium.
Kitchen,
handwashin
g and
toilets.
High. Both
toilets,
cooking,
handwashin
g.
Medium.
Toilets
High. For
cooking,
handwash,
toilets
Medium. For
toilets
Medium. For
Toilets
Medium. For
Hand wash
and plates
washing.
Toilets
Medium.
For Toilets
Condition of
physical
system
Good. Rainy
filter often
gets clogged
due to
heavy leaf
cover on
roof.
Great.
After
initial
maintenan
ce, now
works
well
Good. All
the systems
are well
maintained
Great. All
the systems
are well
maintained
Great. All
the systems
are well
maintained
Great.
Working
well
Currently not
working due
to new
construction
of toilet. A
wall was
raised which
disconnected
the filter
Great.
Working well
Good.
Working well
Good.
Motor has
issues
Engagement
of
headmaster
with teacher
and students
Medium to
Low
High Very High High Medium Medium.
HM changed
since the
installation
but new HM
also knows
about RWH
Low.
Currently no
permanent
HM.
Medium. Only
1 more
teacher in the
school.
Low. HM has
changed
since. New
HM is not
that
interested
Low to
Medium
Quality of
rainwater
harvesting
committee
Low. There
is no
committee.
Lack of
interest due
to
leadership
change
Medium. 5
students
are
chosen by
teachers
and
headmast
er. Did not
High. 7
students are
chosen.
They do
monthly
roof
cleaning,
flushing of
Very high.
Entire 7th
grade class
are highly
involved
with
cleaning,
repairing
Medium. 4
students are
chosen by
the
headmaster.
Committee
not hands
on with the
Low. No
committee.
This is a
Lower
primary
school so
student are
very young
Low. No
committee as
the teachers
and HM not
interested in
the system
Low. No
committee.
This is a
Lower
primary
school so
student are
very young to
Low. No
committee as
the teachers
and HM not
interested in
the system
Low. There
is no
committee.
This is a
Lower
primary
school so
student are

22
Indicators
of Success
Urdu High Urdu
Primary
Rajiv
Nagar
Arsenahal
li
Gangawar
a
Kannur Kadusonn-
apanahalli
Gopalpura GHPS
Kannada,
Vijayapura
Hunsur
appear to
know a lot
about the
system.
pipes and in
charge of
teaching
younger
students to
take over
their job.
and water
quality
testing.
Very
knowledgea
ble and
engaged.
RWH
system but
do know
about RWH
to take
responsibili
ty.
take
responsibility
. But HEADS
team looks
after the
RWH system
very young
to take
responsibili
ty. But
HEADS
team looks
after the
RWH
system
Quality of
activities
about water
Low. No
activity
other than
what is in
the syllabus.
Medium.
Teachers
use the
implemen
ted
rainwater
system to
teach the
students
about
water
conservati
on.
High. Water
conservatio
n is brought
up on a
daily basis
by the
headmaster
and the
existing
RWH is
used as a
model for
students at
home.
High.
Teachers
remind
student
about water
conservatio
n on daily
basis and
the existing
RWH is
used as a
model for
students at
home.
Low. No
activity
other than
what is in
the syllabus.
Low. No
activity
other than
what is in
the syllabus.
Low. No
activity other
than what is
in the
syllabus.
Low. No
activity other
than what is
in the
syllabus.
Low. No
activity other
than what is
in the
syllabus.
Low. No
activity
other than
what is in
the
syllabus.
Presence of
garden,
student
engagement
No garden No garden Medium
garden,
handwash
wastewater
used to
water.
Students
appeared to
be very
engaged
with the
garden.
Robust
garden,
wastewater
used to
water.
Students
appeared to
be very
engaged
with the
garden.
Medium
Garden.
Students
water the
garden with
buckets
Few trees,
students
water the
plants
No garden Few trees,
students
water the
plants
No garden Few plants,
students
water the
plants
Resiliency to
changes in
leadership
Very Low
(Very few
faculties
Low. The
HM is
knowledg
High Very High
(Many
different
Low. Only
the
headmaster
Medium.
HM has
changed
Low. New
administratio
n not
Low. Only 2
teachers, so
leadership
Low. New
administratio
n not
Low. Only
the
headmaster

23
Indicators
of Success
Urdu High Urdu
Primary
Rajiv
Nagar
Arsenahal
li
Gangawar
a
Kannur Kadusonn-
apanahalli
Gopalpura GHPS
Kannada,
Vijayapura
Hunsur
understood
system)
eable but
other
teachers
are not
that well
versed
faculties
could run
system)
is aware of
the system
and system
is working
well
interested change might
affect the
system
interested is aware of
the system
Overall
ownership of
rainwater
system
Low High Very High Very High Medium to
High
Medium Low Medium Low Medium

i
5. Learnings
The project, and the infrastructure implementation of RWH has benefitted the school in terms of
increased availability and access to water especially during the rainy months. General awareness
about water systems has also increased especially among the students of higher classes. However, it
needs to be noted that RWH is only a supplemental source of water and cannot fulfill all the demand
for entire year for the school. The local governance institution still has to be the main service provider
for water supply.
Another important learning has been that the sanitation infrastructure availability is poor. The
number of toilets for each school are less than the actual required number as per School toilet norms.
Toilets, even if present are not connected with appropriate plumbing so they don’t have access to
water and are not functional. A focused program/project on improving sanitation infrastructure is
need of an hour.
One of the major learning has been the maintenance of the system. Even though there is ownership of
the system, lack of funds makes it difficult for the schools to maintain and manage the systems. The
funding for operation and maintenance of the schools is either through Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)
for pre-primary and primary schools or Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) for high
schools. The pre-primary and primary schools receive Rs. 5000-Rs.10000 annual school grant and
maintenance grant under SSA scheme for maintenance of the school. The funds can be utilized for
infrastructure maintenance, stationary, lab equipment, computers, maintenance of water and
sanitation infrastructure, etc. From the conversations with the teachers it was brought to our notice
that since the bank account in which monies are deposited is a joint account of SDMC president and
the school HM, the priorities of both of them are different and this hinders the work that’s necessary
to do. Also, releasing of funds and receiving of funds from the government is an issue. On the other
hand, most of such spending is on infrastructural changes in school such as building toilets,
constructing storage, connecting water supply lines etc. and not majorly on any operation and
maintenance of the existing systems in school.
In current times of Covid, it is important that the schools are ready to face this pandemic. Younger
children especially are vulnerable to the disease and hence equal importance to be given to the lower
primary schools.
Safe hygiene practices need to be focus of the next set of interventions around water and sanitation.

ii
6. APPENDIX-1: Maintenance Manual
The rainwater harvesting is implemented in your school. In some schools the rainwater harvesting
system is directly connected to the existing sump while in some cases it is connected to the toilets and
handwash. The following document is to act as a guiding principle to maintain the existing water and
sanitation infrastructure within the school.
A. WATER INFRASTRUCTURE:
Water infrastructure includes the water source, distribution and other plumbing and rainwater
harvesting system implemented in the school.
I. WATER SOURCE:
● The area around source of water like the borewell in the campus should be kept clean
● The submersible pump in the borewell should be maintained
● The water source should be away from the toilet especially if the toilet is pit toilet
II. KEY COMPONENTS OF THE RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEM:
1. The Catchment: The area where the rain falls. In this case, the rooftop or terrace is the
catchment for the Rainwater harvesting system
2. Transport/Distribution: The pipes, plumbing which take the water from the roof top towards
the storage
3. First rain separator: This ensures that the water from first couple of minutes does not enter the
storage
4. Filter: This is to accumulate the silt, remove leaves and other dirt of the roof
5. Storage: A tank or a sump where the rainwater is stored
6. Pumps: Any type of pump used to lift the water from underground or on or above the ground
storage to the overhead tank (OHT)
The document below will now elaborate on the maintenance and management for each of the
components.
II.a. THE CATCHMENT: Roof Area
● Roof areas should be kept clean
● Make sure that the roof is cleaned after every 15 days
● Don’t use hazardous chemicals like paint, crackers on the roof
● Soap water to wash the roof should not go into the storage sump especially if it is being used
for potable purposes
● Leaves and other organic matter to be cleaned regularly
● Painting the rooftop with limestone and brick powder is useful
II.b. TRANSPORT/DISTRIBUTION:
● Check the leakages in the distribution system
● Check the broken pipes
● Tampering with the pipes should be avoided.
● Keeping heavy objects should be avoided
II.c. FIRST RAIN SEPARATOR:
● The first rain separator has an end cap at the end of the pipe. Make sure that the end cap is
always closed

iii
● The end cap should be removed after the rain to empty the contents from the pipe. This will
ensure that the dirt accumulated due to runoff from the first rain is removed
● Ideally after every rain the first rain separator should be emptied
II.d. FILTER:
● The filter media is made of jelly stones and mesh. Make sure the jelly stones are washed once in
two months or at least before and after the rainy season
● The material clogging the mesh should be also cleaned regularly
● Always make sure that the Kadapa stone put on the filter is always placed on it. This is to
ensure safety of children or people roaming nearby
● Materials trapped in the filter is a good indicator of the roof/catchment cleaning
II.e. WATER STORAGE
● Water should be stored in a clean container
● Where a bucket/smaller container is used, it should always be kept covered.
● Clean the tanks once in six months
● Bleaching Powder to be added whenever the sumps/tanks are cleaned
● When the rainwater is mixing with the common sump, water quality testing becomes very
important. The bacterial contamination test kits provided to the schools should be used at
regular intervals
● Keeping the storage closed and away from sunlight is always recommended
● Painting the inside of storage with limestone and brick powder is useful
II.f. POINT OF USE:
● If the water is being used for potable purposes like drinking and cooking, make sure that there
is a filter at point of use like bacteriological filter
● Make sure that the point of use filter is functioning properly. Regular maintenance of this filter
is essential
B. SANITATION INFRASTRUCTURE:
● Waste Water should be disposed of in drain channels connected outside the campus or in septic
tanks
● Septic tank cleaning to be taken up at appropriate times
● The toilets to be regularly cleaned and watered after every use
● The toilet taps and other plumbing to be regularly checked and repaired/replaced whenever
needed
● Handwash water after use/wastewater from hand wash to be appropriately diverted to the
drains
● Accumulated food material in the handwash to be removed regularly to avoid foul odor and
unhygienic conditions
● Disposal of solid waste from the campus- wet waste from the kitchen, left over from the meals,
left overs in the handwash to be properly disposed off

iv
7. APPENDIX-2: Annual Rainwater Harvested in each school
Name of the school Rooftop
Area (sq.
ft)
Rooftop
Area
(sqm)
Rooftop
coefficient
Annual
Rainfall
(mm)
Runoff
captured
annually
(KL)
Arsenahalli Higher
Primary School
2000.0 185.8 0.8 800.0 118.9
Gangawara Higher
Primary School
1543.8 143.4 0.8 800.0 91.8
Gopalpura Lower
Primary School
2180.3 202.6 0.8 800.0 129.6
GHPS Kannada,
Vijayapura
1710.0 158.9 0.8 800.0 101.7
Hunsur Lower Primary
School
1534.5 142.6 0.8 800.0 91.2
Kadusonnapanahalli
High School
1875.0 174.2 0.8 800.0 111.5
Kannur Lower Primary
School
1743.0 161.9 0.8 800.0 103.6
Rajiv Nagar Higher
Primary School
1800.0 167.2 0.8 800.0 107.0
Urdu Higher Primary
School
2128.0 197.7 0.8 800.0 126.5
Urdu High School 2106.0 195.7 0.8 800.0 125.2

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