2. Case 1
â˘32y/Male with a/h/o twisting of left lower limb while carrying heavy load
⢠Presented to our center 12 hrs after injury with c/o
⢠Pain and swelling of left knee and
⢠Inability to bear weight
3. Examination
L/E of Left Knee:
⢠Overlying Skin: Intact
⢠Swelling ++
⢠Tenderness + over anterior aspect of left knee and leg
⢠DNVS : Intact
⢠ROM : Couldnât be elicited
7. Management
In ER ,
⌠Limb was immobilized
⌠Elevation done
⌠Ice compression done
⌠Close monitoring of neurovascular status/ development of compartment syndrome
â˘Baseline blood investigations were sent and patient was planned for surgery
8. Surgery
â˘Operated on 6th day after swelling subsided
â˘ORIF with Bicolumnar plating was done via
Anterolateral and Posteromedial approach
â˘Articular congruency was maintained and
corticocancellous bone graft was placed.
â˘Knee Immobilizer was applied to allow soft
tissue healing
9. Post-op Rehabilitation
â˘Active and Passive Knee ROM was started from 2nd post op day
â˘Partial weight bearing and crutch mobilization was begun as soon as patient tolerated
â˘Patient was advised to avoid full wt bearing for 10-12 weeks
10. Case 2
â˘20y/Male, Dang
â˘A/h/o RTA
â˘Presented to our center on the day of trauma
â˘C/o : Pain, Swelling and Deformity of Rt Hip
30. Intra-articular Fractures: Problems
â˘Immobilization results in joint stiffness
â˘Immobilization after surgery results in more stiffness
â˘Loss of articular congruency leads to shift in loading patterns â progression to
osteoarthritis
â˘Depressed articular fragments will not be reduced by closed manipulation
â˘Metaphyseal defects beneath reduced articular segments need to be filled
with bone grafts or substitutes to prevent articular fragment redisplacement/
settling
31. Articular Fractures: Treatment
â˘Anatomic Reduction
⢠No step-up and gaps, no depressions
â˘Maintenance of articular congruency
⢠So that load is evenly distributed
â˘Stable Internal Fixation (Absolute Stability)
⢠So that early mobilization is possible
â˘Early Mobilization
⢠Prevents joint stiffness and ensures healing
32. Concept of Absolute Stability
Definition: No micromotion between the fracture fragments
under normal physiological loading
⌠Open Reduction is required
⌠Anatomic Reduction is required
â˘Healing by Primary Intention
â˘No Callus Formation
33. Concept of Absolute Stability
â˘Methods :
⢠Lag Screw Fixation
⢠Axial Compression with Compression
Plating
⢠Tension Band Wiring
⢠Buttress plating
34. Articular Fracture : Principles
â˘Understanding the mechanism of Injury
â˘Evaluation of soft tissues
â˘Adequate imaging
â˘Timing of surgery
â˘Appropriate surgical approach
â˘Articular Reduction
â˘Buttressing of the metaphysis
â˘Post Operative Care
35. Postoperative Treatment
â˘Splinting for short duration to allow healing of soft tissues
â˘Active assisted exercises as soon as possible
â˘Regular X ray surveillance at follow-up
36. Whatâs New ?
â˘Concept of Absolutive Fixation
â˘Properties between Absolute and relative stability
37. Take Home Message
â˘Articular cartilage has a poor healing capacity.
â˘It is avascular and derives its nutrition from synovial fluid
â˘Proper flow of synovial fluid requires-
⢠Motion
⢠Load
â˘Early mobilization improves healing of articular cartilage
38. Take Home Message
â˘Anatomic Reduction-Often direct
â˘Stability âAbsolute â Stable Fixation
â˘Early mobilization
â˘Anatomic Reduction + Stable Fixation + Early Mobilization Healing with Hyaline
Cartilage
39. References:
1. AO Principles of Fracture Management, Third Edition
2. Campbellâs Operative Orthopaedics, 13th Edition
3. Rockwood and Greenâs Fractures in Adults , 8th Edition
Surgical approach: Least Traumatic surgical Approach should be used
Usually direct visualization of articular surface required
Articular Reduction
Step by step Direct Reduction
Temporary Fixation with K-wires
Interfragmentary Compression
Absolute stability
Bone grafts in subchondral defects
Aim of surgery is to provide stable fixation that allows early active assisted exercise