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CẬP NHẬT ĐIỀU TRỊ
VIÊM GAN VIRUS C MẠN
NĂM 2017
PGS.TS.TRẦN VĂN HUY
HỘI NGHỊ NỘI KHOA TOÀN QUỐC LẦN THỨ X
HUẾ - THÁNG 4/2017
ĐẶT VẤN ĐỀ
• Khoảng 200 triệu người trên thế giới nhiễm HCV
(Lavanchy D, 2009)
• HCV genotype 1 lại chiếm ưu thế trên toàn cầu,
ước tính chiếm từ 55-95%.
• Chưa có vắc xin phòng bệnh chủ động
• Một gánh nặng của y tế toàn cầu
TẦN SUẤT NHIỄM HCV- 2015
WHO, HCV guideline 4-2016
PHÂN BỐ KIỂU GEN
WHO, HCV guideline 2016
DIỄN BIẾN TỰ NHIÊN
5Pre-Submission Briefing Meeting | July 2014 | Company Confidential © 2014 AbbVie
1. O’Leary 2008; 2. Perz 2006; 3. White 2008
• Các nghiên cứu về ĐT đã có các bước
tiến lớn, nhất là sự ra đời của các thuốc
kháng HCV trực tiếp (DAA)
Adapted from the US Food and Drug Administration, Antiviral Drugs Advisory Committee Meeting,
April 27-28, 2011, Silver Spring, MD.
SVR(%)
IFN
6 mos
PegIFN/ RBV
12 mos
IFN
12 mos
IFN/RBV
12 mos
PegIFN
12 mos
2001
1998
2011
Standard
IFN
RBV
PegIFN
1991
DAAs
PegIFN/
RBV/
DAA
IFN/RBV
6 mos
6
16
34
42
39
55
70+
0
20
40
60
80
100
ĐIỀU TRỊ HCV QUA CÁC GIAI ĐOẠN
2014/5
90-98
PegIFN/
RBV/
DAA
Or DAA+RBV
THÁCH THỨC !
– Phác đồ tiếp cận cho toàn bộ genotype
– Điều trị cho bn xơ gan, bệnh thận mạn
– Quản lý, theo dõi sau điều trị
– Điều trị lại sau thất bại với DAA
– Dự phòng tái hoạt hóa HBV sau DAA
– Dự phòng kháng thuốc
– Khả năng tiếp cận điều trị
– Hiệu quả thực sự của các thuốc generic!!!
→ đòi hỏi tiếp tục nghiên cứu & cập nhật thường
xuyên về điều trị VGC!
CÁC NỘI DUNG CHÍNH
1. Mục tiêu điều trị
2. Chỉ định điều trị
3. Đánh giá trước, trong và sau điều trị
4. Phương tiện điều trị
5. Tóm tắt hướng dẫn của WHO-2016
6. Một số điều trị mới
1. Mục tiêu và điểm kết của
điều trị
• Mục tiêu điều trị : tiệt trừ nhiễm HCV, hạn chế nguy
cơ xơ gan, ung thư gan
• Điểm kết của điều trị : đáp ứng virus bền vững (SVR).
• Khi đạt được SVR, khả năng tiệt trừ HCV lên đến 99%
SVR-12
SVR-12 = HCV RNA <25 IU/ml 12 tuần sau
khi ngưng điều trị
SVR12 # SVR24 ?
• January 2015 Hepatology,
• Eric Yoshida et al
• So sánh SVR12 & SVR24 bn dùng sofosbuvir.ở
• 779 bn có SVR 12: 777 bn có SVR- 24 (99.7%)
• 2 bn ko có SVR-24: đ u là genotype 3ề
• Ko tính 2 bn genotype 3: 100% bn có SVR -12
đ u có SVR24.ề
Gastroenterology 2010 139, 1593-1601DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2010.07.009)
A Sustained Virologic Response Is Durable in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Treated
With Peginterferon Alfa-2a and Ribavirin
Mark G. Swain, Gastroenterology , 2010
Gastroenterology 2010 139, 1593-1601DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2010.07.009)
A Sustained Virologic Response Is Durable in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Treated
With Peginterferon Alfa-2a and Ribavirin
Mark G. Swain, Gastroenterology , 2010
SVR # CURE !!!
Ý NGHĨA LÂM SÀNG C A SVR?Ủ
• Cải thiện chức năng gan & men gan (*)
• 39% to 73%: cải thiện xơ hóa gan (*)
• Xơ gan thoái triển trên 50% bn (**)
• Tăng áp cửa, cường lách: cải thiện (***)
• Giảm >70% HCC nguy cơ ung thư gan (***)
(*)Poynard 2002, (**)Veldt 2007, (***)Van der
Meer, 2012; (****): Morgan 2013.
BENEFITS OF ACHIEVING SVR
↓ Cirrhosis
↓ Decompensation
↓ HCC
↓ Transplantation
↓ All-cause mortality
Improved QoL
Malignancy
Diabetes
CVD
Renal
Neurocognitive
Cure
Improved clinical
outcomes[1,2]
1. Smith-Palmer J, et al. BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15:19.
2. Negro F, et al. Gastroenterology. 2015;149:1345-1360.
3. George SL, et al. Hepatology. 2009;49:729-738.
Hepatic Extrahepatic
Decreased
transmission[1]
2. CHỈ ĐỊNH ĐIỀU TRỊ
WHO 2016
• bệnh gan tiến triển (F3–F4)
• Có các yt nguy cơ thúc đẩy xơ hóa gan nhanh:
- đồng nhiễm HIV hoặc HBV
- nghiện rượu nặng
– Hội chứng chuyển hóa
– biểu hiện ngoài gan…
AASLD- IDSA 2016
• Treatment is recommended for all patients
with chronic HCV infection, except those with
short life expectancies that cannot be
remediated by treating HCV, by transplantation,
or by other directed therapy.
• Patients with short life expectancies owing to liver disease should be
managed in consultation with an expert.
HCV CURE ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVED 15-YR
SURVIVAL IN PTS WITH F0/F1 DISEASE
• Single-center cohort of consecutive pts since 1992 (N = 1381)
• Progression to F3/F4 was observed in 15.3% of F0/F1 pts with available liver
biopsy (n = 157)
Jézéquel C, et al. EASL 2015. Abstract P0709.
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 5 10 15 20
Yrs From Biopsy to Death
F0/F1 Fibrosis
P = .003
Treated pts without SVR
Untreated pts
Treated pts with SVR
Survival
3. ĐÁNH GIÁ TRƯỚC ĐIỀU TRỊ
• Định lượng HCV RNA , ngưỡng phát hiện ≤ 15
IU/ml; lý tưởng là Real-time PCR
• Đánh giá bệnh lý gan trước khi điều trị
- SGOT, SGPT
- SA bụng
- Tiểu cầu
- Child- Pugh
3. Đánh giá trước điều trị (tt)
- Đánh giá xơ hóa gan:
- FibroScan, ARFI
- Các chỉ điểm huyết thanh (fibrotest, APRI…) (F2-
F4)
• Xác định các kiểu gen
• IL28B: phác đồ có PEG ?
• Nghiện rượu
• Thuốc lá
• NASH
• Tiểu đường
• Chức năng thận, Ferritin
• Đồng nhiễm: HBsAg, anti HIV
3. Đánh giá trước điều trị (tt)
Tiên đoán đáp ứng điều trị
Các yếu tố quan trọng nhất :
• Kiểu gen HCV
• Giai đoạn xơ hóa gan
• Tiền sử điều trị hay chưa ĐT
• Bệnh thận đi kèm…
• IL 28 B (?)
CCĐ MỘT SỐ DAA
CCĐ RIBAVIRINE
THEO DÕI ĐIỀU TRỊ
TỶ LỆ NGƯNG ĐT DO TD PHỤ
KHÔNG QUÊN THEO DÕI SAU
ĐIỀU TRỊ/SAU SVR !
• HCV RNA, chức năng gan
• AFP
• SIÊU ÂM BỤNG
• 6 tháng
4. HIỆU QUẢ CỦA MỘT SỐ
PHÁC ĐỒ ĐIỀU TRỊ HIỆN NAY
• INTERFERON- FREE REGIMENS
• DAA:
# Direct Acting Antiviral
HCV LIFECYCLE & DAA TARGETS
Adapted from Manns MP, et al. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2007;6:991-1000.
Receptor binding
and endocytosis
Fusion
and
uncoating
Transport
and release
(+) RNA
Translation and
polyprotein
processing
RNA replication
Virion
assembly
Membranous
web
ER lumen
LD
LD
ER lumen
LD
NS3/4
protease
inhibitors
NS5B polymerase
inhibitors
*Role in HCV lifecycle not well defined
NS5A* inhibitors
HIỆU QUẢ MỘT SỐ PĐ LÊN
GENOTYPE 1 CHƯA ĐT
HIỆU QUẢ TRÊN HCV G1 ĐÃ
ĐIỀU TRỊ TRƯỚC ĐÓ
0
20
40
60
80
100
SVR(%)
SOF/ LDV +/-
RBV x 8-12 wks
97-100% 93-100%
Feld JJ, et al. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:1594-1603. Afdhal N, et al. N Engl J Med 2014; 2014 Apr 12
Poordad F, et al. EASL 2014. Abstract O163
2015 /2016 : Genotype 1 : điều trị lần đầu:
nhóm không xơ gan và nhóm xơ gan
ABT 450/rtv + ombitasvir
+ dasabuvir+RBV
X 12 wks
0
20
40
60
80
100
SVR(%)
SOF/ LDV +/-
RBV 12-24 wks
82-100% 93-100%
2015 /2016: G1, ĐÃ TỪNG ĐIỀU TRỊ:
ABT 450/rtv + ombitasvir
+ dasabuvir+RBV
X 12 -24 wks
Afdhal N, et al. N Engl J Med 2014; 2014 Apr 12 [Epub ahead of print]
Zeuzem S, et al. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:1604-1614.
0
20
40
60
80
100
SVR(%)
PegIFN/RBV
X 24 wks
70-80%
97%
Poordad F, et al. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:1195-1206.
Jacobson IM, et al. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:2405-2416.
GENOTYPE 2 VÀ 3, ĐIỀU TRỊ LẦN ĐẦU
Geno 2
SOF+RBV
X 12 wks
92-94%
Geno 3
SOF+RBV
X 24 wks
Gane E, et al. J Hepatol. 2013;58(suppl 1):S3. Abstract 5.
Lawitz E, et al. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:1878-1887.
LDV/SOF+ RBV Ở BN HCV CÓ XƠ GAN
MẤT BÙ
SOLAR-1: LDV/SOF + RBV in Decompensated Cirrhosis
CTP B CTP C
SVR12(%)
26/30 19/22 18/2024/27
Error bars represent 90% confidence intervals.
LDV/SOF + RBV 12 Weeks LDV/SOF + RBV 24 Weeks
T l SVR t ng t tu n 12 ho c 24 c a LDV/SOF + RBVỷ ệ ươ ự ở ầ ặ ủ
Flamm, AASLD, 2014, Oral #239
Ascites Hepatic Encephalopathy
Patients, n
SOF + RBV
n=25
Observation
n=25
SOF + RBV
n=25
Observation
n=25
Baseline 6 9 5 2
Week 12 5 8 3 3
Week 24 0 7 0 4
Platelets (103
/µL) Albumin (g/dL)
SOF+RBV Observation 24 weeks
ALT (U/L)
CTP A CTP B
Afdhal N, EASL, 2014, O68
p=0.003
p=NS
p=0.001 p=0.001
‡
XƠ GAN MẤT BÙ DO HCV
CÁC TRỊ LIỆU CÓ SẴN NĂM 2016-2017
Regimen Approved
Genotypes
Grazoprevir/elbasvir 1, 4
Ombitasvir/paritaprevir/rit
onavir
4
Ombitasvir/paritaprevir/rit
onavir + dasabuvir
1
Sofosbuvir + daclatasvir 1, 3
Sofosbuvir/ledipasvir 1, 4, 5, 6
Simeprevir + sofosbuvir 1, 4
Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
 Hữu hiệu cho các
kiểu gen
 Dạng uống chứa 2
hoạt chất
hiệu quả cho tất cả
genotype !
SVR12 – GRAZOPREVIR/ELBASVIR- CHƯA
ĐIỀU TRỊPatients,%
All Patients
144/157 129/131299/316
92% 99%95%
GT1a GT1b GT4
100
%
18/18
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
GT6
80%
8/10
40
Zeuzem S, et al. published on-line at Ann Intern Med
www.annals.org on 24-April-2015
Hiệu quả cao trên bệnh nhân xơ gan (SVR12 = 97.1%)
HCV KI U GEN 1 & 6 / BN ĐÃ ĐI U TR PEG-INF+ RBVỂ Ề Ị
35
35
37
37
35
38
39
39
61
67
58
64
62
66
62
62
* Per-protocol population excluded 12 patients [Lost to follow up (2 patients), Withdrew consent (2 patients), No
documentation for prior treatment failure classification (2 patients), Prohibited prior medical condition - ascites (1
patient), Non-medication-related non-compliance with study drug (1 patient), Illegal drug user (1 patient),
Prohibited medication (1 patient), Non-compliance due to adverse event (1 patient), Death (1 patient]
95% Confidence Intervals by the Clopper-Pearson (exact) method
SVR12- SVR12 – GRAZOPREVIR/ELBASVIR- X GANƠ
12 weeks 12 weeks 16/18 weeks
Chưa từng điều trị Thất bại với điều trị
LTFU/Early Discon. 1*
0 2†
1‡
0 0
SVR12 (mFAS)
98.5%
(135/137)
90.3%
(28/31)
92.3%
(48/52)
92.5%
(74/80)
93.9%
(46/49)
100.0%
(49/49)
Bùng phát 1 1 0 0 0 0
H i ngồ ứ 0 0 0 0 2 0
Tái phát 1 2 4 6 1 0
28
/31
48
/54
74
/81
46
/49
49
/49
*Death (coronary artery disease)
†Death (lymphoma) n=1;discontinued due to noncompliance, n=1 ‡Death (motor vehicle accident)
Patients,%
135
/138
SVR12: NHÓM CKD
0
50
25
75
100
Patients,(%)
94%
GZR/EBR 12 weeks
MFAS = primary efficacy analysis; FAS was a secondary analysis
*Noncirrhotic, interferon-intolerant patient with HCV GT1b infection relapsed at FW12
†lost to follow-up (n=2), n=1 each for death, non-compliance, withdrawal by subject, and withdrawal by
physician (due to violent behavior)
99%
115/116
Full Analysis
Set
Modified
Full Analysis
Set
Relapse 1* 1
Discontinued unrelated to Tx 0 6†
115/122
Elbasvir
(50 mg)
Grazoprevir
(50 mg)
ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA KHÁNG THUỐC
LÊN HIỆU QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ
HCV-TARGET: TÁC ĐỘNG CỦA BIẾN
CHỦNG RAV LÊN LDV/SOF & SMV + SOF
• Multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study
• GT1 HCV, LDV/SOF or SMV + SOF, each ± RBV
– Sequencing for RAVs with NGS using 10% threshold
– N = 492 in RAV prevalence analysis; n = 472 in efficacy analysis
• Overall prevalence of BL RAVs: NS3: 45%; NS5A: 13%;
NS5B: 8%; ≥ 2 classes: 10%
– NS3 RAVs more frequent in GT1a vs GT1b
– NS5A and NS5B RAVs more frequent in GT1b vs GT1a
Wang GP, et al. EASL 2016. Abstract PS102.
HCV-TARGET: LDV/SOF
Efficacy Analysis by Baseline RAVs
 LDV/SOF:
- LDV RAVs (aa28, 30, 31, 58, 93) associated with
nonsignificant 1% to 7% SVR12 rate differences across
pt subgroups
- Y93 LDV RAV infrequent (4%) but associated
with significant decrease in SVR12 rate to
LDV/SOF: 96% vs 75% (P = .046)
Wang GP, et al. EASL 2016. Abstract PS102.
Resistance-Based HCV Retreatment After
DAA Regimen Failure
Slide credit: clinicaloptions.comVermehren J, et al. EASL 2016. Abstract PS103.
Previous DAA Regimen Failure Retreatment Regimen SVR12
GT1: SMV + SOF ± RBV NS5A inhibitor–containing regimen 91%
 LDV/SOF ± RBV 12 wks 8/8
 LDV/SOF ± RBV 24 wks 9/10
 OBV/PTV/RTV + DSV ± RBV 12 wks 3/3
 OBV/PTV/RTV + DSV + RBV 24 wks 0/1
GT1: DCV or LDV + SOF ± RBV
PI-containing regimen 86%
 SMV + SOF ± RBV 12 wks 2/2
 SMV + SOF ± RBV 24 wks 1/1
 OBV/PTV/RTV + DSV ± RBV 12 wks 3/4
GT3: SOF + RBV NS5A inhibitor–containing regimen 100%
 DCV + SOF + RBV 12 wks 2/2
 DCV + SOF ± RBV 24 wks 4/4
 LDV/SOF + RBV 24 wks 1/1
6. TÓM TẮT CÁC KHUYẾN CÁO-2016
Bn HCV genotype 1 không ho c có x gan:ặ ơ
– ledipasvir/ sofosbuvir ± ribavirin
– daclatasvir/sofosbuvir ± ribavirin.
– Grazoprevir + Elbasvir
 PD Thay th :ế
– simeprevir/sofosbuvir ± ribavirin
– ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir/ dasabuvir ±
ribavirin.
HCV- G2
• Bn HCV genotype 2 có ho c không x gan:ặ ơ
1+ Sofosbuvir/ ribavirin.
• PD Thay th :ế
2+ Daclatasvir/sofosbuvir.
HCV- G3
Bn HCV genotype 3 có ho c không x gan :ặ ơ
1.Daclatasvir/sofosbuvir
ho c 2.ặ sofosbuvir/ribavirin.
Bn HCV genotype 3 có x gan:ơ
3. Daclatasvir/sofosbuvir/ ribavirin.
 PD Thay th G3 có x gan:ế ơ
4. Sofosbuvir + pegylated interferon/ribavirin.
HCV- G6
• Bn HCV genotype 6 có ho c không x gan:ặ ơ
1. Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir.
• PD Thay th :ế
2. Sofosbuvir/pegylated interferon/ribavirin.
AASLD & EASL 2015
• Đi u tr có th rút ng n 8 tu n:ề ị ể ắ ầ
– đi u tr l n đ uề ị ầ ầ
– không x ganơ
– HCV RNA<6×103
(6.8 log) IU/mL.
• Th i gian đi u tr nên rút ng n m t cách th nờ ề ị ắ ộ ậ
tr ng.ọ
• N u ti u c u <75 x 10ế ể ầ 3
/μL: ph i đi u tr 24ả ề ị
tu n & c n có ribavirin.ầ ầ
HBV-HCV
Bn đ ng nhi m HBV và HCV có th đi u tr v i thu cồ ễ ể ề ị ớ ố
kháng virus cho HCV
T l đ t SVR t ng t nh ng bn nhi m đ n đ cỷ ệ ạ ươ ự ở ữ ễ ơ ộ
HCV (66, 237).
Trong và sau đi u tr HCV n u có nguy c tái ho tề ị ế ơ ạ
HBV, c n ph i h p thu c kháng HBVầ ố ợ ố (224).
DDIs c n ki m tra tr c đi u tr .ầ ể ướ ề ị
AASLD 2016 Guidance on HBV Reactivation in
Pts Receiving HCV DAA Therapy
• All pts starting HCV DAA therapy should be assessed for HBV
infection (HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc testing)
– If HBsAg+, assess HBV DNA prior to, during, and immediately
after HCV DAA therapy
• For active HBV infection: initiate HBV therapy before or
simultaneously with HCV DAA therapy
• For low or undetectable HBV DNA: monitor for HBV
reactivation during HCV DAA therapy
AASLD/IDSA HCV Guidelines. September 2016.
VGC TR EMẺ
 DAA Không đ c s d ng tr emượ ử ụ ở ẻ
 Đ n 2016: Duy nh t pegylated interferon/ribavirinế ấ
đ c khuy n cáo cho tr trên 2 tu i.ượ ế ẻ ổ
April 7, 2017/FDA News Release
• FDA approves two hepatitis C drugs for
pediatric patients
• The U.S. Food and Drug Administration
approved supplemental applications for
Sovaldi (sofosbuvir) and Harvoni (ledipasvir
and sofosbuvir) to treat hepatitis C virus (HCV)
in children ages 12 to 17.
7. MỘT SỐ ĐIỀU TRỊ MỚI
• PAN- GENOTYPE
• SHORTER DURATION
• RETREATMENT
7.1 MỘT THUỐC CHO MỌI KIỂU GEN !
ASTRAL-1, -2, -3, -4 Trials: Sofosbuvir/
Velpatasvir FDC ± RBV in GT1-6 HCV
 Multicenter, randomized phase III trials in Tx-naive and Tx-experienced pts
ASTRAL-1[1]
:
GT 1, 2, 4, 5, or 6 HCV
(N = 740)
Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir (n = 624)
Placebo QD (n = 116)
12 wks
All pts
followed
for SVR12,
primary
endpoint
ASTRAL-2[2]
:
GT2 HCV
(N = 266)
ASTRAL-3[3]
:
GT3 HCV
(N = 552)
Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir (n = 134)
Sofosbuvir + RBV (n = 132)
Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir (n = 277)
Sofosbuvir + RBV (n = 275)
Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir (n = 90)
Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir + RBV (n = 87)
Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir (n = 90)
24 wks
ASTRAL-4[4]
:
GT1-6 HCV and
CTP B cirrhosis
(N = 267)
1. Feld JJ, et al. AASLD 2015. Abstract LB-2. 2. Sulkowski MS, et al. AASLD 2015.
Abstract 205. 3. Mangia A, et al. AASLD 2015. Abstract 249. 4. Charlton MR, et al.
AASLD 2015. Abstract LB-13.
Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir 400/100 mg QD
ASTRAL-1: SVR12 With Sofosbuvir/ Velpatasvir
in GT1, 2, 4, 5, 6 HCV
• Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
– All pts with GT5 HCV allocated to active Tx because few pts in this group (n = 35)
– Key baseline characteristics: cirrhosis 19%; Tx exp’d 32%; BL NS5A RAVs 42%
• No impact of cirrhosis, Tx experience, BL NS5A RAVs on SVR rates
Feld JJ, et al. AASLD 2015. Abstract LB-2. Feld JJ, et al. N Engl J
Med. 2015;[Epub ahead of print]. Reproduced with permission.
HCV Genotype
99 98 99 100 100 97 100
41/
41
34/
35
116/
116
104/
104
117/
118
206/
210
618/
624
100
80
60
40
20
0
n/N =
SVR12(%)
All Pts 1a 1b 2 4 5 6
100
ASTRAL-3 Open-Label Trial: SVR12, Safety With
Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir in GT3 HCV
• SVR12 rate numerically lower with vs without BL NS5A RAVs (88% vs 97%)
• Safety profile similar to ASTRAL-1
Mangia A, et al. AASLD 2015. Abstract 249. Reproduced with permission.
Foster GR, et al. N Engl J Med. 2015;[Epub ahead of print].
n/N =
SVR12(%)
80
60
40
20
0
264/
277
221/
275
191/
197
163/
187
73/
80
55/
83
200/
206
176/
204
64/
71
45/
71
95
80
63
909797
87
91
66
86
All Pts No Yes Naive Experienced
Cirrhosis
P < .001
(superiority)
SOF/VEL 12 wks
SOF + RBV 24 wks
Treatment History
FDA APPROVES GILEAD’S EPCLUSA® (SOFOSBUVIR/VELPATASVIR)
FOR THE TREATMENT OF ALL GENOTYPES OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
• June 28, 2016
• Epclusa is the First and Only All-Oral, Pan-genotypic Single Tablet Regimen for
Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection
• Epclusa® (sofosbuvir 400 mg/velpatasvir 100 mg), the first all-oral, pan-genotypic,
single tablet regimen for the treatment of adults with genotype 1-6 chronic
hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
• Epclusa is also the first single tablet regimen approved for the treatment of
patients with HCV genotype 2 and 3, without the need for ribavirin.
• Epclusa for 12 weeks was approved :
– in patients without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis (Child-Pugh A)
– in combination with ribavirin (RBV) for patients with decompensated cirrhosis
(Child-Pugh B or C).
MK-3682 WITH RUZASVIR (MK-8408)
CHRONIC HEPATITIS C GENOTYPE 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
• MK-3682 450 mg + Ruzasvir 60 mg
• 12 tu nầ
• Đang nghiên c uứ
ADDING VOXILAPREVIR TO SOFOSBUVIR/VELPATASVIR FOR 8
WEEKS: EFFECTIVE FOR HCV GENOTYPE 3: AASLD-2016
• Adding voxilaprevir to sofosbuvir and velpatasvir (Epclusa) for 8 weeks: similar
efficacy to sofosbuvir/velpatasvir alone for 12 weeks in the treatment of patients
with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 3 and cirrhosis.
For the phase 3 POLARIS-3 trial, the researchers investigated the addition of voxilaprevir 100 mg/day to
sofosbuvir/velpatasvir 400 mg/100 mg/day for 8 weeks compared with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir 400 mg/100
mg/day alone for 12 weeks in 219 patients with genotype 3 HCV infection and cirrhosis.
The results showed that 96% of patients in each group achieved a sustained virologic response for at least 12
weeks after treatment (SVR12).
In looking at patients according to prior treatment, 96% of treatment-naïve patients in the voxilaprevir group
(72/75) achieved SVR12 compared with 99% of the sofosbuvir/velpatasvir group (76/77). Among those who
received prior treatment, 97% and 91% achieved SVR 12, respectively.
A Randomized Phase 3 Trial of Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir/ Voxilaprevir for 8 Weeks and Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir for 12 Weeks for
Patients With Genotype 3 HCV Infection and Cirrhosis: The POLARIS-3 Study]
7.2 EVEN SHORTER DURATION !
CURE HEPATITIS C AFTER ONLY 4 WEEKS OF TREATMENT?
• RG-101: newly developed therapy , injection ; targets the microRNA in
the liver that is essential for hepatitis C virus to continue to replicate.
• 79 participants,
• ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (Group 1)
• simeprevir (Group 2)
• daclatasvir (Group 3).
• 2 mg/kg injection of RG-101 on days 1 and 29.
• SVR 12: 100% Group 1, 96% in Group 2, and 92% in Group 3
• After 24 weeks, 29 patients were available for follow-up:
– 100% in Group 1,
– 80% in Group 2,
– 89% in Group 3 were free of hepatitis C virus.
Dec 8, 2016 : GILEAD SUBMITS FDA :
INVESTIGATIONAL SINGLE TABLET
SOFOSBUVIR/VELPATASVIR/VOXILAPREVIR
• If Approved, SOF/VEL/VOX Would Be the First Once-
Daily Single Tablet Regimen Available as a Salvage
Therapy for Patients Infected with HCV Genotype 1-
6 Who Have Failed Prior Treatment with DAA
Regimens Including NS5A Inhibitors -
HCV New Drug Research, 2016
7.3 RETREATMENT
KẾT LUẬN
1. Điều trị viêm gan C đã có các bước tiến vượt bậc trong thời
gian qua
2. Các phác đồ uống với các DAA, không có interferon và không
có ribavirine: khả thi, hiệu quả, dung nạp tốt…
3. Các phác đồ hiện có hiệu quả tốt trên các nhóm bn chưa điều
trị/đã thất bại điều trị, có/ko có xơ gan, có bệnh thận mạn…
4. Cần có chiến lược điều trị, theo dõi hợp lý trước, trong và
ngay cả sau điều trị.
5. Các NC điều trị mới theo 3 hướng: điều trị cho tất cả
genotpye, thời gian ngắn hơn, điều trị lại: rất triển vọng!

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CẬP NHẬT ĐIỀU TRỊ VIÊM GAN VIRUS C MẠN NĂM 2017

  • 1. CẬP NHẬT ĐIỀU TRỊ VIÊM GAN VIRUS C MẠN NĂM 2017 PGS.TS.TRẦN VĂN HUY HỘI NGHỊ NỘI KHOA TOÀN QUỐC LẦN THỨ X HUẾ - THÁNG 4/2017
  • 2. ĐẶT VẤN ĐỀ • Khoảng 200 triệu người trên thế giới nhiễm HCV (Lavanchy D, 2009) • HCV genotype 1 lại chiếm ưu thế trên toàn cầu, ước tính chiếm từ 55-95%. • Chưa có vắc xin phòng bệnh chủ động • Một gánh nặng của y tế toàn cầu
  • 3. TẦN SUẤT NHIỄM HCV- 2015 WHO, HCV guideline 4-2016
  • 4. PHÂN BỐ KIỂU GEN WHO, HCV guideline 2016
  • 5. DIỄN BIẾN TỰ NHIÊN 5Pre-Submission Briefing Meeting | July 2014 | Company Confidential © 2014 AbbVie 1. O’Leary 2008; 2. Perz 2006; 3. White 2008
  • 6. • Các nghiên cứu về ĐT đã có các bước tiến lớn, nhất là sự ra đời của các thuốc kháng HCV trực tiếp (DAA)
  • 7. Adapted from the US Food and Drug Administration, Antiviral Drugs Advisory Committee Meeting, April 27-28, 2011, Silver Spring, MD. SVR(%) IFN 6 mos PegIFN/ RBV 12 mos IFN 12 mos IFN/RBV 12 mos PegIFN 12 mos 2001 1998 2011 Standard IFN RBV PegIFN 1991 DAAs PegIFN/ RBV/ DAA IFN/RBV 6 mos 6 16 34 42 39 55 70+ 0 20 40 60 80 100 ĐIỀU TRỊ HCV QUA CÁC GIAI ĐOẠN 2014/5 90-98 PegIFN/ RBV/ DAA Or DAA+RBV
  • 8. THÁCH THỨC ! – Phác đồ tiếp cận cho toàn bộ genotype – Điều trị cho bn xơ gan, bệnh thận mạn – Quản lý, theo dõi sau điều trị – Điều trị lại sau thất bại với DAA – Dự phòng tái hoạt hóa HBV sau DAA – Dự phòng kháng thuốc – Khả năng tiếp cận điều trị – Hiệu quả thực sự của các thuốc generic!!! → đòi hỏi tiếp tục nghiên cứu & cập nhật thường xuyên về điều trị VGC!
  • 9. CÁC NỘI DUNG CHÍNH 1. Mục tiêu điều trị 2. Chỉ định điều trị 3. Đánh giá trước, trong và sau điều trị 4. Phương tiện điều trị 5. Tóm tắt hướng dẫn của WHO-2016 6. Một số điều trị mới
  • 10. 1. Mục tiêu và điểm kết của điều trị • Mục tiêu điều trị : tiệt trừ nhiễm HCV, hạn chế nguy cơ xơ gan, ung thư gan • Điểm kết của điều trị : đáp ứng virus bền vững (SVR). • Khi đạt được SVR, khả năng tiệt trừ HCV lên đến 99%
  • 11. SVR-12 SVR-12 = HCV RNA <25 IU/ml 12 tuần sau khi ngưng điều trị
  • 12. SVR12 # SVR24 ? • January 2015 Hepatology, • Eric Yoshida et al • So sánh SVR12 & SVR24 bn dùng sofosbuvir.ở • 779 bn có SVR 12: 777 bn có SVR- 24 (99.7%) • 2 bn ko có SVR-24: đ u là genotype 3ề • Ko tính 2 bn genotype 3: 100% bn có SVR -12 đ u có SVR24.ề
  • 13. Gastroenterology 2010 139, 1593-1601DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2010.07.009) A Sustained Virologic Response Is Durable in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Treated With Peginterferon Alfa-2a and Ribavirin Mark G. Swain, Gastroenterology , 2010
  • 14. Gastroenterology 2010 139, 1593-1601DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2010.07.009) A Sustained Virologic Response Is Durable in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Treated With Peginterferon Alfa-2a and Ribavirin Mark G. Swain, Gastroenterology , 2010 SVR # CURE !!!
  • 15. Ý NGHĨA LÂM SÀNG C A SVR?Ủ • Cải thiện chức năng gan & men gan (*) • 39% to 73%: cải thiện xơ hóa gan (*) • Xơ gan thoái triển trên 50% bn (**) • Tăng áp cửa, cường lách: cải thiện (***) • Giảm >70% HCC nguy cơ ung thư gan (***) (*)Poynard 2002, (**)Veldt 2007, (***)Van der Meer, 2012; (****): Morgan 2013.
  • 16. BENEFITS OF ACHIEVING SVR ↓ Cirrhosis ↓ Decompensation ↓ HCC ↓ Transplantation ↓ All-cause mortality Improved QoL Malignancy Diabetes CVD Renal Neurocognitive Cure Improved clinical outcomes[1,2] 1. Smith-Palmer J, et al. BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15:19. 2. Negro F, et al. Gastroenterology. 2015;149:1345-1360. 3. George SL, et al. Hepatology. 2009;49:729-738. Hepatic Extrahepatic Decreased transmission[1]
  • 17. 2. CHỈ ĐỊNH ĐIỀU TRỊ
  • 18. WHO 2016 • bệnh gan tiến triển (F3–F4) • Có các yt nguy cơ thúc đẩy xơ hóa gan nhanh: - đồng nhiễm HIV hoặc HBV - nghiện rượu nặng – Hội chứng chuyển hóa – biểu hiện ngoài gan…
  • 19. AASLD- IDSA 2016 • Treatment is recommended for all patients with chronic HCV infection, except those with short life expectancies that cannot be remediated by treating HCV, by transplantation, or by other directed therapy. • Patients with short life expectancies owing to liver disease should be managed in consultation with an expert.
  • 20. HCV CURE ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVED 15-YR SURVIVAL IN PTS WITH F0/F1 DISEASE • Single-center cohort of consecutive pts since 1992 (N = 1381) • Progression to F3/F4 was observed in 15.3% of F0/F1 pts with available liver biopsy (n = 157) Jézéquel C, et al. EASL 2015. Abstract P0709. 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 5 10 15 20 Yrs From Biopsy to Death F0/F1 Fibrosis P = .003 Treated pts without SVR Untreated pts Treated pts with SVR Survival
  • 21. 3. ĐÁNH GIÁ TRƯỚC ĐIỀU TRỊ • Định lượng HCV RNA , ngưỡng phát hiện ≤ 15 IU/ml; lý tưởng là Real-time PCR • Đánh giá bệnh lý gan trước khi điều trị - SGOT, SGPT - SA bụng - Tiểu cầu - Child- Pugh
  • 22. 3. Đánh giá trước điều trị (tt) - Đánh giá xơ hóa gan: - FibroScan, ARFI - Các chỉ điểm huyết thanh (fibrotest, APRI…) (F2- F4) • Xác định các kiểu gen • IL28B: phác đồ có PEG ?
  • 23. • Nghiện rượu • Thuốc lá • NASH • Tiểu đường • Chức năng thận, Ferritin • Đồng nhiễm: HBsAg, anti HIV 3. Đánh giá trước điều trị (tt)
  • 24. Tiên đoán đáp ứng điều trị Các yếu tố quan trọng nhất : • Kiểu gen HCV • Giai đoạn xơ hóa gan • Tiền sử điều trị hay chưa ĐT • Bệnh thận đi kèm… • IL 28 B (?)
  • 28. TỶ LỆ NGƯNG ĐT DO TD PHỤ
  • 29. KHÔNG QUÊN THEO DÕI SAU ĐIỀU TRỊ/SAU SVR ! • HCV RNA, chức năng gan • AFP • SIÊU ÂM BỤNG • 6 tháng
  • 30. 4. HIỆU QUẢ CỦA MỘT SỐ PHÁC ĐỒ ĐIỀU TRỊ HIỆN NAY • INTERFERON- FREE REGIMENS • DAA: # Direct Acting Antiviral
  • 31. HCV LIFECYCLE & DAA TARGETS Adapted from Manns MP, et al. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2007;6:991-1000. Receptor binding and endocytosis Fusion and uncoating Transport and release (+) RNA Translation and polyprotein processing RNA replication Virion assembly Membranous web ER lumen LD LD ER lumen LD NS3/4 protease inhibitors NS5B polymerase inhibitors *Role in HCV lifecycle not well defined NS5A* inhibitors
  • 32. HIỆU QUẢ MỘT SỐ PĐ LÊN GENOTYPE 1 CHƯA ĐT
  • 33. HIỆU QUẢ TRÊN HCV G1 ĐÃ ĐIỀU TRỊ TRƯỚC ĐÓ
  • 34. 0 20 40 60 80 100 SVR(%) SOF/ LDV +/- RBV x 8-12 wks 97-100% 93-100% Feld JJ, et al. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:1594-1603. Afdhal N, et al. N Engl J Med 2014; 2014 Apr 12 Poordad F, et al. EASL 2014. Abstract O163 2015 /2016 : Genotype 1 : điều trị lần đầu: nhóm không xơ gan và nhóm xơ gan ABT 450/rtv + ombitasvir + dasabuvir+RBV X 12 wks
  • 35. 0 20 40 60 80 100 SVR(%) SOF/ LDV +/- RBV 12-24 wks 82-100% 93-100% 2015 /2016: G1, ĐÃ TỪNG ĐIỀU TRỊ: ABT 450/rtv + ombitasvir + dasabuvir+RBV X 12 -24 wks Afdhal N, et al. N Engl J Med 2014; 2014 Apr 12 [Epub ahead of print] Zeuzem S, et al. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:1604-1614.
  • 36. 0 20 40 60 80 100 SVR(%) PegIFN/RBV X 24 wks 70-80% 97% Poordad F, et al. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:1195-1206. Jacobson IM, et al. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:2405-2416. GENOTYPE 2 VÀ 3, ĐIỀU TRỊ LẦN ĐẦU Geno 2 SOF+RBV X 12 wks 92-94% Geno 3 SOF+RBV X 24 wks Gane E, et al. J Hepatol. 2013;58(suppl 1):S3. Abstract 5. Lawitz E, et al. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:1878-1887.
  • 37. LDV/SOF+ RBV Ở BN HCV CÓ XƠ GAN MẤT BÙ SOLAR-1: LDV/SOF + RBV in Decompensated Cirrhosis CTP B CTP C SVR12(%) 26/30 19/22 18/2024/27 Error bars represent 90% confidence intervals. LDV/SOF + RBV 12 Weeks LDV/SOF + RBV 24 Weeks T l SVR t ng t tu n 12 ho c 24 c a LDV/SOF + RBVỷ ệ ươ ự ở ầ ặ ủ Flamm, AASLD, 2014, Oral #239
  • 38. Ascites Hepatic Encephalopathy Patients, n SOF + RBV n=25 Observation n=25 SOF + RBV n=25 Observation n=25 Baseline 6 9 5 2 Week 12 5 8 3 3 Week 24 0 7 0 4 Platelets (103 /µL) Albumin (g/dL) SOF+RBV Observation 24 weeks ALT (U/L) CTP A CTP B Afdhal N, EASL, 2014, O68 p=0.003 p=NS p=0.001 p=0.001 ‡ XƠ GAN MẤT BÙ DO HCV
  • 39. CÁC TRỊ LIỆU CÓ SẴN NĂM 2016-2017 Regimen Approved Genotypes Grazoprevir/elbasvir 1, 4 Ombitasvir/paritaprevir/rit onavir 4 Ombitasvir/paritaprevir/rit onavir + dasabuvir 1 Sofosbuvir + daclatasvir 1, 3 Sofosbuvir/ledipasvir 1, 4, 5, 6 Simeprevir + sofosbuvir 1, 4 Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6  Hữu hiệu cho các kiểu gen  Dạng uống chứa 2 hoạt chất hiệu quả cho tất cả genotype !
  • 40. SVR12 – GRAZOPREVIR/ELBASVIR- CHƯA ĐIỀU TRỊPatients,% All Patients 144/157 129/131299/316 92% 99%95% GT1a GT1b GT4 100 % 18/18 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% GT6 80% 8/10 40 Zeuzem S, et al. published on-line at Ann Intern Med www.annals.org on 24-April-2015 Hiệu quả cao trên bệnh nhân xơ gan (SVR12 = 97.1%)
  • 41. HCV KI U GEN 1 & 6 / BN ĐÃ ĐI U TR PEG-INF+ RBVỂ Ề Ị 35 35 37 37 35 38 39 39 61 67 58 64 62 66 62 62 * Per-protocol population excluded 12 patients [Lost to follow up (2 patients), Withdrew consent (2 patients), No documentation for prior treatment failure classification (2 patients), Prohibited prior medical condition - ascites (1 patient), Non-medication-related non-compliance with study drug (1 patient), Illegal drug user (1 patient), Prohibited medication (1 patient), Non-compliance due to adverse event (1 patient), Death (1 patient] 95% Confidence Intervals by the Clopper-Pearson (exact) method
  • 42. SVR12- SVR12 – GRAZOPREVIR/ELBASVIR- X GANƠ 12 weeks 12 weeks 16/18 weeks Chưa từng điều trị Thất bại với điều trị LTFU/Early Discon. 1* 0 2† 1‡ 0 0 SVR12 (mFAS) 98.5% (135/137) 90.3% (28/31) 92.3% (48/52) 92.5% (74/80) 93.9% (46/49) 100.0% (49/49) Bùng phát 1 1 0 0 0 0 H i ngồ ứ 0 0 0 0 2 0 Tái phát 1 2 4 6 1 0 28 /31 48 /54 74 /81 46 /49 49 /49 *Death (coronary artery disease) †Death (lymphoma) n=1;discontinued due to noncompliance, n=1 ‡Death (motor vehicle accident) Patients,% 135 /138
  • 43. SVR12: NHÓM CKD 0 50 25 75 100 Patients,(%) 94% GZR/EBR 12 weeks MFAS = primary efficacy analysis; FAS was a secondary analysis *Noncirrhotic, interferon-intolerant patient with HCV GT1b infection relapsed at FW12 †lost to follow-up (n=2), n=1 each for death, non-compliance, withdrawal by subject, and withdrawal by physician (due to violent behavior) 99% 115/116 Full Analysis Set Modified Full Analysis Set Relapse 1* 1 Discontinued unrelated to Tx 0 6† 115/122 Elbasvir (50 mg) Grazoprevir (50 mg)
  • 44. ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA KHÁNG THUỐC LÊN HIỆU QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ
  • 45. HCV-TARGET: TÁC ĐỘNG CỦA BIẾN CHỦNG RAV LÊN LDV/SOF & SMV + SOF • Multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study • GT1 HCV, LDV/SOF or SMV + SOF, each ± RBV – Sequencing for RAVs with NGS using 10% threshold – N = 492 in RAV prevalence analysis; n = 472 in efficacy analysis • Overall prevalence of BL RAVs: NS3: 45%; NS5A: 13%; NS5B: 8%; ≥ 2 classes: 10% – NS3 RAVs more frequent in GT1a vs GT1b – NS5A and NS5B RAVs more frequent in GT1b vs GT1a Wang GP, et al. EASL 2016. Abstract PS102.
  • 46. HCV-TARGET: LDV/SOF Efficacy Analysis by Baseline RAVs  LDV/SOF: - LDV RAVs (aa28, 30, 31, 58, 93) associated with nonsignificant 1% to 7% SVR12 rate differences across pt subgroups - Y93 LDV RAV infrequent (4%) but associated with significant decrease in SVR12 rate to LDV/SOF: 96% vs 75% (P = .046) Wang GP, et al. EASL 2016. Abstract PS102.
  • 47. Resistance-Based HCV Retreatment After DAA Regimen Failure Slide credit: clinicaloptions.comVermehren J, et al. EASL 2016. Abstract PS103. Previous DAA Regimen Failure Retreatment Regimen SVR12 GT1: SMV + SOF ± RBV NS5A inhibitor–containing regimen 91%  LDV/SOF ± RBV 12 wks 8/8  LDV/SOF ± RBV 24 wks 9/10  OBV/PTV/RTV + DSV ± RBV 12 wks 3/3  OBV/PTV/RTV + DSV + RBV 24 wks 0/1 GT1: DCV or LDV + SOF ± RBV PI-containing regimen 86%  SMV + SOF ± RBV 12 wks 2/2  SMV + SOF ± RBV 24 wks 1/1  OBV/PTV/RTV + DSV ± RBV 12 wks 3/4 GT3: SOF + RBV NS5A inhibitor–containing regimen 100%  DCV + SOF + RBV 12 wks 2/2  DCV + SOF ± RBV 24 wks 4/4  LDV/SOF + RBV 24 wks 1/1
  • 48. 6. TÓM TẮT CÁC KHUYẾN CÁO-2016 Bn HCV genotype 1 không ho c có x gan:ặ ơ – ledipasvir/ sofosbuvir ± ribavirin – daclatasvir/sofosbuvir ± ribavirin. – Grazoprevir + Elbasvir  PD Thay th :ế – simeprevir/sofosbuvir ± ribavirin – ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir/ dasabuvir ± ribavirin.
  • 49. HCV- G2 • Bn HCV genotype 2 có ho c không x gan:ặ ơ 1+ Sofosbuvir/ ribavirin. • PD Thay th :ế 2+ Daclatasvir/sofosbuvir.
  • 50. HCV- G3 Bn HCV genotype 3 có ho c không x gan :ặ ơ 1.Daclatasvir/sofosbuvir ho c 2.ặ sofosbuvir/ribavirin. Bn HCV genotype 3 có x gan:ơ 3. Daclatasvir/sofosbuvir/ ribavirin.  PD Thay th G3 có x gan:ế ơ 4. Sofosbuvir + pegylated interferon/ribavirin.
  • 51. HCV- G6 • Bn HCV genotype 6 có ho c không x gan:ặ ơ 1. Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir. • PD Thay th :ế 2. Sofosbuvir/pegylated interferon/ribavirin.
  • 52. AASLD & EASL 2015 • Đi u tr có th rút ng n 8 tu n:ề ị ể ắ ầ – đi u tr l n đ uề ị ầ ầ – không x ganơ – HCV RNA<6×103 (6.8 log) IU/mL. • Th i gian đi u tr nên rút ng n m t cách th nờ ề ị ắ ộ ậ tr ng.ọ • N u ti u c u <75 x 10ế ể ầ 3 /μL: ph i đi u tr 24ả ề ị tu n & c n có ribavirin.ầ ầ
  • 53. HBV-HCV Bn đ ng nhi m HBV và HCV có th đi u tr v i thu cồ ễ ể ề ị ớ ố kháng virus cho HCV T l đ t SVR t ng t nh ng bn nhi m đ n đ cỷ ệ ạ ươ ự ở ữ ễ ơ ộ HCV (66, 237). Trong và sau đi u tr HCV n u có nguy c tái ho tề ị ế ơ ạ HBV, c n ph i h p thu c kháng HBVầ ố ợ ố (224). DDIs c n ki m tra tr c đi u tr .ầ ể ướ ề ị
  • 54. AASLD 2016 Guidance on HBV Reactivation in Pts Receiving HCV DAA Therapy • All pts starting HCV DAA therapy should be assessed for HBV infection (HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc testing) – If HBsAg+, assess HBV DNA prior to, during, and immediately after HCV DAA therapy • For active HBV infection: initiate HBV therapy before or simultaneously with HCV DAA therapy • For low or undetectable HBV DNA: monitor for HBV reactivation during HCV DAA therapy AASLD/IDSA HCV Guidelines. September 2016.
  • 55. VGC TR EMẺ  DAA Không đ c s d ng tr emượ ử ụ ở ẻ  Đ n 2016: Duy nh t pegylated interferon/ribavirinế ấ đ c khuy n cáo cho tr trên 2 tu i.ượ ế ẻ ổ
  • 56. April 7, 2017/FDA News Release • FDA approves two hepatitis C drugs for pediatric patients • The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved supplemental applications for Sovaldi (sofosbuvir) and Harvoni (ledipasvir and sofosbuvir) to treat hepatitis C virus (HCV) in children ages 12 to 17.
  • 57. 7. MỘT SỐ ĐIỀU TRỊ MỚI • PAN- GENOTYPE • SHORTER DURATION • RETREATMENT
  • 58. 7.1 MỘT THUỐC CHO MỌI KIỂU GEN !
  • 59. ASTRAL-1, -2, -3, -4 Trials: Sofosbuvir/ Velpatasvir FDC ± RBV in GT1-6 HCV  Multicenter, randomized phase III trials in Tx-naive and Tx-experienced pts ASTRAL-1[1] : GT 1, 2, 4, 5, or 6 HCV (N = 740) Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir (n = 624) Placebo QD (n = 116) 12 wks All pts followed for SVR12, primary endpoint ASTRAL-2[2] : GT2 HCV (N = 266) ASTRAL-3[3] : GT3 HCV (N = 552) Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir (n = 134) Sofosbuvir + RBV (n = 132) Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir (n = 277) Sofosbuvir + RBV (n = 275) Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir (n = 90) Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir + RBV (n = 87) Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir (n = 90) 24 wks ASTRAL-4[4] : GT1-6 HCV and CTP B cirrhosis (N = 267) 1. Feld JJ, et al. AASLD 2015. Abstract LB-2. 2. Sulkowski MS, et al. AASLD 2015. Abstract 205. 3. Mangia A, et al. AASLD 2015. Abstract 249. 4. Charlton MR, et al. AASLD 2015. Abstract LB-13. Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir 400/100 mg QD
  • 60. ASTRAL-1: SVR12 With Sofosbuvir/ Velpatasvir in GT1, 2, 4, 5, 6 HCV • Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial – All pts with GT5 HCV allocated to active Tx because few pts in this group (n = 35) – Key baseline characteristics: cirrhosis 19%; Tx exp’d 32%; BL NS5A RAVs 42% • No impact of cirrhosis, Tx experience, BL NS5A RAVs on SVR rates Feld JJ, et al. AASLD 2015. Abstract LB-2. Feld JJ, et al. N Engl J Med. 2015;[Epub ahead of print]. Reproduced with permission. HCV Genotype 99 98 99 100 100 97 100 41/ 41 34/ 35 116/ 116 104/ 104 117/ 118 206/ 210 618/ 624 100 80 60 40 20 0 n/N = SVR12(%) All Pts 1a 1b 2 4 5 6
  • 61. 100 ASTRAL-3 Open-Label Trial: SVR12, Safety With Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir in GT3 HCV • SVR12 rate numerically lower with vs without BL NS5A RAVs (88% vs 97%) • Safety profile similar to ASTRAL-1 Mangia A, et al. AASLD 2015. Abstract 249. Reproduced with permission. Foster GR, et al. N Engl J Med. 2015;[Epub ahead of print]. n/N = SVR12(%) 80 60 40 20 0 264/ 277 221/ 275 191/ 197 163/ 187 73/ 80 55/ 83 200/ 206 176/ 204 64/ 71 45/ 71 95 80 63 909797 87 91 66 86 All Pts No Yes Naive Experienced Cirrhosis P < .001 (superiority) SOF/VEL 12 wks SOF + RBV 24 wks Treatment History
  • 62. FDA APPROVES GILEAD’S EPCLUSA® (SOFOSBUVIR/VELPATASVIR) FOR THE TREATMENT OF ALL GENOTYPES OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C • June 28, 2016 • Epclusa is the First and Only All-Oral, Pan-genotypic Single Tablet Regimen for Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection • Epclusa® (sofosbuvir 400 mg/velpatasvir 100 mg), the first all-oral, pan-genotypic, single tablet regimen for the treatment of adults with genotype 1-6 chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. • Epclusa is also the first single tablet regimen approved for the treatment of patients with HCV genotype 2 and 3, without the need for ribavirin. • Epclusa for 12 weeks was approved : – in patients without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis (Child-Pugh A) – in combination with ribavirin (RBV) for patients with decompensated cirrhosis (Child-Pugh B or C).
  • 63. MK-3682 WITH RUZASVIR (MK-8408) CHRONIC HEPATITIS C GENOTYPE 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 • MK-3682 450 mg + Ruzasvir 60 mg • 12 tu nầ • Đang nghiên c uứ
  • 64. ADDING VOXILAPREVIR TO SOFOSBUVIR/VELPATASVIR FOR 8 WEEKS: EFFECTIVE FOR HCV GENOTYPE 3: AASLD-2016 • Adding voxilaprevir to sofosbuvir and velpatasvir (Epclusa) for 8 weeks: similar efficacy to sofosbuvir/velpatasvir alone for 12 weeks in the treatment of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 3 and cirrhosis. For the phase 3 POLARIS-3 trial, the researchers investigated the addition of voxilaprevir 100 mg/day to sofosbuvir/velpatasvir 400 mg/100 mg/day for 8 weeks compared with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir 400 mg/100 mg/day alone for 12 weeks in 219 patients with genotype 3 HCV infection and cirrhosis. The results showed that 96% of patients in each group achieved a sustained virologic response for at least 12 weeks after treatment (SVR12). In looking at patients according to prior treatment, 96% of treatment-naïve patients in the voxilaprevir group (72/75) achieved SVR12 compared with 99% of the sofosbuvir/velpatasvir group (76/77). Among those who received prior treatment, 97% and 91% achieved SVR 12, respectively. A Randomized Phase 3 Trial of Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir/ Voxilaprevir for 8 Weeks and Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir for 12 Weeks for Patients With Genotype 3 HCV Infection and Cirrhosis: The POLARIS-3 Study] 7.2 EVEN SHORTER DURATION !
  • 65. CURE HEPATITIS C AFTER ONLY 4 WEEKS OF TREATMENT? • RG-101: newly developed therapy , injection ; targets the microRNA in the liver that is essential for hepatitis C virus to continue to replicate. • 79 participants, • ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (Group 1) • simeprevir (Group 2) • daclatasvir (Group 3). • 2 mg/kg injection of RG-101 on days 1 and 29. • SVR 12: 100% Group 1, 96% in Group 2, and 92% in Group 3 • After 24 weeks, 29 patients were available for follow-up: – 100% in Group 1, – 80% in Group 2, – 89% in Group 3 were free of hepatitis C virus.
  • 66. Dec 8, 2016 : GILEAD SUBMITS FDA : INVESTIGATIONAL SINGLE TABLET SOFOSBUVIR/VELPATASVIR/VOXILAPREVIR • If Approved, SOF/VEL/VOX Would Be the First Once- Daily Single Tablet Regimen Available as a Salvage Therapy for Patients Infected with HCV Genotype 1- 6 Who Have Failed Prior Treatment with DAA Regimens Including NS5A Inhibitors - HCV New Drug Research, 2016 7.3 RETREATMENT
  • 67. KẾT LUẬN 1. Điều trị viêm gan C đã có các bước tiến vượt bậc trong thời gian qua 2. Các phác đồ uống với các DAA, không có interferon và không có ribavirine: khả thi, hiệu quả, dung nạp tốt… 3. Các phác đồ hiện có hiệu quả tốt trên các nhóm bn chưa điều trị/đã thất bại điều trị, có/ko có xơ gan, có bệnh thận mạn… 4. Cần có chiến lược điều trị, theo dõi hợp lý trước, trong và ngay cả sau điều trị. 5. Các NC điều trị mới theo 3 hướng: điều trị cho tất cả genotpye, thời gian ngắn hơn, điều trị lại: rất triển vọng!

Editor's Notes

  1. Chronic HCV infection generates inflammation and scarring (fibrosis) of the liver tissue. The level of fibrosis increases with time and can be measured with validated scales like the Metavir scale: F0=no fibrosis, F1=light fibrosis, F2=moderate fibrosis, F3=advanced fibrosis and F4=cirrhosis. The course of infection is highly variable from person to person, however, and can progress rapidly to advanced liver disease over a few years or slowly over 20 years or more. HCV infection itself is associated with severe fatigue. When fibrosis becomes severe enough, the patient develops cirrhosis. Initially the liver is able to compensate for the damage. With time, cirrhosis distorts the structure and degrades the function of the liver. De-compensated cirrhosis arises when conditions secondary to liver failure develop. Although cirrhosis can remain asymptomatic for several years, once it is established, potential complications include: jaundice, ascites, variceal hemorrhage, and encephalopathy. There is a five-year survival rate for patients with de-compensated cirrhosis. There is evidence that fibrosis can be reversed or halted if inflammation is controlled (Benyon RC and Iredale JP. Is liver fibrosis reversible? Gut 2000; 46:443446). Chronic HCV infection is also associated with an increased risk of developing comorbidities such as coronary artery disease, diabetes, steatosis and insulin resistance, which are themselves associated with higher rates of disease progression. HCV genotype 1 is more difficult to treat in patients with high viral load or advanced fibrosis, thus the importance of treating early.
  2. DAA, direct-acting antiviral; HCV, hepatitis C virus; IFN, interferon; pegIFN, peginterferon; RBV, ribavirin; SVR, sustained virologic response.
  3. Patients negative for HCV RNA at last follow-up visit. SVR is defined as HCV RNA &amp;lt;50 IU/mL at the end of a 24-week follow-up phase.
  4. Patients negative for HCV RNA at last follow-up visit. SVR is defined as HCV RNA &amp;lt;50 IU/mL at the end of a 24-week follow-up phase.
  5. CVD, cardiovascular; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; QoL, quality of life; SVR, sustained virologic response.
  6. HCV, hepatitis C virus; SVR, sustained virologic response.
  7. ER, endoplasmic reticulum; STAT-C, specifically targeted antiviral therapy for HCV.
  8. BOC, boceprevir; GT, genotype; PegIFN, peginterferon; RBV, ribavirin; SVR, sustained virologic response; TVR, telaprevir.
  9. BOC, boceprevir; GT, genotype; PegIFN, peginterferon; RBV, ribavirin; SVR, sustained virologic response; TVR, telaprevir.
  10. BOC, boceprevir; GT, genotype; PegIFN, peginterferon; RBV, ribavirin; SVR, sustained virologic response; TVR, telaprevir.
  11. Khi có phối hợp Ribavirine , ko cần kéo dài lên 24 w!
  12. There are many options currently available, and they are all completely oral-based regimens. No interferon anymore. Now, only 1 currently available single-tablet regimen—the sofosbuvir and velpatasvir you see highlighted at the bottom of the list—is effective against all genotypes. However, if you look above sofosbuvir and velpatasvir, you will see that single-tablet combinations will cover all genotypes. It’s eventually going to be the case that genotypes are not necessarily identified, but currently it’s still recommended that we determine genotypes so we can create the best treatment regimen.
  13. Key finding here – Relapse – does well, any genotype, with or without cirrhosis, any regimen Of the nulls and partials – unclear if duration alone or RBV alone is sufficient, but together, efficacy improved to 100%
  14. TN: Death coronary artery disease. Found several days after death. TE 12 week no R: 1 GT1b CKD patient discon at TW10 due to noncompliance; 1 death due to lymphoma TE 12 week + R: 1 death due to motor vehicle accident
  15. HCV, hepatitis C virus. Resistance associated variants can be present at baseline and can be selected for during therapy. The viral population may even develop compensatory variants with additional mutations that allow them to compete in the host because they are more fit.
  16. BL, baseline; GT, genotype; HCV, hepatitis C virus; LDV, ledipasvir; NGS, next-generation sequencing; RAV, resistance associated variant; RBV, ribavirin; SMV, simeprevir; SOF, sofosbuvir. One study to examine the interplay between resistance and efficacy is HCV-TARGET, which determined the prevalence of baseline resistance associated variants and their impact on the efficacy of either ledipasvir/sofosbuvir or simeprevir and sofosbuvir. This was a multicenter, prospective, observational cohort, so these resistance associated variants were not impactful in an algorithmic way. Providers treated these patients the way that they intended to treat them without any intervention from the study itself, but a subset of individuals had consented to baseline serum collection. Using these samples, the resistance associated variants were determined using next-generation sequencing, which captured variants occurring above a 10% threshold. There were 492 patients in the prevalence analysis and 472 in the efficacy analysis.   As we would expect from other populations, the overall prevalence at baseline resistance associated variants was pretty common for the protease inhibitor or NS3 class at 95%. In the NS5A, it was 13%, and they did show 8% in NS5B, or the polymerase inhibitors. Ten percent had 2 classes or more present, so that means that this could be potentially a pretty complicated patient if you’re trying to design a therapy as a result of looking at their resistance associated variants.   NS3 resistance associated variants were more frequent in genotype 1a patients compared to those with genotype 1b while the opposite was true for NS5A resistance associated variants. Overall variant prevalence was similar regardless of cirrhosis status, treatment experience, or liver transplant status.
  17. LDV, ledipasvir; RAV, resistance associated variant; SMV, simeprevir; SOF, sofosbuvir; SVR, sustained virologic response. Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir resistance associated variants with mutations at amino acid positions 28, 30, 31, 58, and 93 numerically associated with SVR12 rate differences between 1% and 7%, though these differences were not statistically significant. However, the Y93 ledipasvir/sofosbuvir RAV, though infrequent at 4% in this population, was associated with a significant decrease in SVR12, going from 96% in those that did not have this mutation down to 75% in those that did.   Because the simeprevir plus sofosbuvir regimen does not contain an NS5A inhibitor, NS5A resistance associated variants would not be expected to be impactful. Simeprevir resistance associated variants, however, contained multiple positions that were impactful with a numeric but nonsignificant decrease of 0% to 9% in SVR12 at positions 80, 122, 155, 168, and 170.
  18. DAA, direct-acting antiviral; DCV, daclatasvir; DSV, dasabuvir; HCV, hepatitis C virus; LDV, ledipasvir; OBV, ombitasvir; PI, protease inhibitor; PTV, paritaprevir; RBV, ribavirin; SMV, simeprevir; SOF, sofosbuvir. A very small subset of these patients was retreated, based on knowledge of what therapy they had previously failed and their prevalence of resistance associated variants.   The blue subset at the top of the chart includes genotype 1 patients that had experienced failure of simeprevir plus sofosbuvir with or without ribavirin. They were generally retreated with an NS5A inhibitor–containing regimen and obtained an overall efficacy of 91%. Only 2 patients did not achieve SVR12 in this subset.   The orange subset in the middle of the chart includes genotype 1 patients that had experienced failure of a daclatasvir- or ledipasvir-containing regimen with sofosbuvir with or without ribavirin. They were generally retreated with a protease inhibitor–containing regimen with an 86% SVR12 rate, which reflected only 1 failure.   The green subset at the bottom of the chart includes genotype 3 patients that had experienced failure of sofosbuvir plus ribavirin and were retreated with an NS5A inhibitor–containing regimen, either daclatasvir or ledipasvir with sofosbuvir with or without ribavirin for 12-24 weeks. In these 7 patients, there was 100% efficacy.
  19. CPT, Child-Turcotte-Pugh; FDC, fixed-dose combination; GT, genotype; HCV, hepatitis C virus; RBV, ribavirin; QD, once daily; Tx, treatment.
  20. BL, baseline; GT, genotype; HCV, hepatitis C virus; SVR, sustained virologic response; Tx, treatment.
  21. BL, baseline; GT, genotype; HCV, hepatitis C virus; RAV, resistance associated variant; RBV, ribavirin; SOF, sofosbuvir; SVR, sustained virologic response; VEL, velpatasvir.