This document discusses several topics related to women and children, including: 1. The differences between sex and gender, with sex referring to biological attributes and gender referring to social and cultural roles. 2. Gender roles and expectations imposed by society, and how they guide behaviors and preferences. 3. Gender inequality as systematic differences in life experiences and opportunities based on being male or female. 4. The importance of women's health, both for their own well-being and because it impacts children and future generations.

1. WOMEN
AND
CHILDREN

2. The terms “sex” and “gender”
have different meanings:
 “sex” refers specifically to one’s internal and
external sexual organs. Sex is purely physical
determination of whether one is male o r
female.
 “gender” is the personal, social, or cultural
assignment of being male or female.

3. GENDER ROLE OF IDENTITY AND
EXPECTATIONS
Are the do’s and don’ts which
society imposes for males and
females.This expectation are
shaped by the social and cultural
belief and attitude systems and
guide a member’s preferences
and behaviors.’

4. GENDER INEQUALITY
the term gender inequality is
the systematic difference
between the life
experiences, social
expectations, and
opportunities that are
presented because one is male

5. HEALTH AND MOTHERHOOD
 Health refers not only to the absence of
disease or disability but encompasses a
person’s state of complete
physical, mental, emotional, and social well
being.Women’s health in all stages of the life
cycle is of immense importance, not only
because it affects the health of the next
generation through its impact on
children, but also because women are half of
the country’s human resource.

6. EFFECTS OF CHILD LABOR
 Physical harm – when any part of the
physical body of the working child are
affected directly or adversely leading to a
conditions that may require immediate
medical attention.
 Hampering the child’s education –when the
child is exposed to work in exchange for the
time that he or she is supposed to begin
school.

7.  Emotional/ Phsychological harm –when the
child manifests withdrawal syndrome,
learning disabilities, extreme depresion,
emotional breakdown, sense of alienation,
suicidal or self-destructive tendencies,
aggressive behavior, low self-image,
relationship problems, rejection, fear,
absentmindedness, and/ or confussion.

8. VIOLENCE
AGAINST
WOMEN AND
CHILDREN

9. SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
 In a society may be defined as its internal
division into hierarchy (high, middle, or low)
of distinct social groups, each having specific
life chances, and a distinctive style of life.

10. Factors affecting social
mobility:
 Social mobility –this refers to
the movement of individuals or
groups within a small system
wherein a small system
wherein a degree of openness
or closeness exists.

11. RACE AND ETHNICITY
 Race and ethnicity may be thought to mean
the same thing but these are not
interchangeable. Race refers to the
classification of humans according to physical
characteristic. Race refers to physical
characteristics transmitted at birth to a group
of people. Ethnicity refers to the culturally
defined differences between ethnic groups in
society.

12. Ethnic Group
Refers to group of
people with
common cultural
background.

13. Minority Group
Refers to group of people
that is numerically lesser
than the rest of the
population.