August ank

¾$d rhcpN `p_p _„
1...fpô²$ue........................02 u 05
2...r_dZ|„L$.......................06 u 06
3...v$¡i `qfQe..................07 u 08
4... qf`p¡V®-kh£nZ.............09 u 11
5....rhdp¡Q_....................12 u 1f
5...`yfõL$pf......................13 u 16
6.. rv$_ rhi¡j...................17 u 21
7...r_^_.......................22 u 22
8...rhrh^......................23 u 24
9...èp®hfZ A_¡ âL©$rs......25 u 27
9...A® ìehõp...............28 u 28
13...M¡g S>Ns...................f9 u 30
14...Ap„sffpô²$ue âhplp¡........31 u 33
15...NyS>fps_u AV$pfuA¡u.....34 u 35
16..rhop_ A_¡ V$¡¼¹_p¡gp¸Æ......36 u 38
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4 140
RNI No.GUJGUJ/2013/51331
[MONTHLY]
Address
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dp_u g¡hy _lu.
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Ap„sffpô²$ue âhplp¡
RNI:-GUJGUJ/2013/51331
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% drlgp ApfnZ
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gpBb°¡fu
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d„S|>fu
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fepÓp
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iê$Aps
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s„Óu : L$dg¡i Qp¥lpZ M-9408827007M-9408827007 E-mail--competitiveindia007@gmail.comE-mail--competitiveindia007@gmail.com
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`yfõL$pf_u vy$r_ep qv$_ rhi¡j
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-"hp¡fue õV$¡V$$ : `pqL$õsp_ B_ ^ L$p¸ÞV$¡ç`p¡ffu'
-"kåV$p„k A¡ÞX$ i¡X$p¡'
-"N¡qV„$N BqÞX$ep b¥L$ Ap¸_ V²$¡L$'
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-Ágp¡bg ùk HX$¡L$k-2014
-^ A¡Þhpefd¡ÞV$ ¾$pBrkk
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35dp„ fpô²$ue
M¡g_u spfuM,
gp¡Np¡, iyc„L$f,
kv¹cph_p v|$s
Op¡rjs ep
`yõsL$ rhdp¡Q_

2L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep
"Açdp _dL$'_p¡ iycp„fcsrdg_pXy$_p dy¿ed„Óu S>egrgspA¡
fpS>e_p DÛp¡N rhcpN_¡ Apr^_ fl¡gp
srdg_pXy$ kp¡ëV$ L$p¡`p£f¡i_ rgrdV$¡X$_p A¡L$
DÐ`pv$_ "Açdp _dL$'_p¡ iycpf„c 11
S|>__p fp¡S> L$ep£ lsp¡.
"Açdp _dL$' ÓZ âL$pf¡ D`gå^ i¡. S>¡ dy¿ed„Óu
S>egrgsp_p _pd `f L$ëepZ_u A¡L$ `l¡g î©„Mgp A„sN®s
iê$ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g R>¡. "Açdp _dL$' iê$ hp `l¡gp
fpS>edp„ kpdprS>L$ L$ëepZ ep¡S>_p A„sN®s Ap¡R>u qL„$dsdp„
cp¡S>_ D`gå^ L$fphhp "Açdp L$¢V$u_' _p¡ âpf„c `Z B
QyL$ep¡ R>¡. s¡dS> 10 ê$rèp ârs guV$f "Açdp' _pdu
ùhp_y„ `pZu `Z dmu füy R>¡.
srdg_pXy$kp¡ëV$L$p¡`p£f¡i_rgrdV$¡X$
V$u.A¡_.A¡k.ku. srdg_pXy$ kfL$pf_y„ `|Z®
dprgL$u ^fphsy A¡L$d R>¡. s¡_u õp`_p
B.k.1974dp„ srdg_pXy$_p fpd_p`yfd
rS>ëgp_p h¡ëgu_p¡L$d Mps¡ B lsu. Al] Ly$g
``f4 A¸L$f c|rd n¡Ódp„ _dL$_u M¡su L$fhpdp„
Aph¡ R>¡. S>ep„ 3f00 A¡L$f S>du_ rhL$rks L$fhp
kp¡ ârs hj® f u f.` gpM V$_ _dL$_y„ DÐ`pv$_
pe R>¡. âÐen/AâÐen ê$`¡ 1f00 S>¡V$gp
îrdL$p¡_¡ fp¡S>Npf `Z dm¡ R>¡.
Ap `qfep¡S>_p_¡ d¡qfef h¡ëgu_p¡L$d kp¡ëV$
L$p¡çàg¡n `Z L$l¡hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.
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"k¡hp r_h©s k¥r_L$ afuepv$ kdp^p_ `p¡V®$g'
rhipm dlp_ cpfs v$¡i `X$p¡iu Qu_ kp¡ gp„bu kflv$
^fph¡ R>¡. cpfs_p S>çd|-L$píduf, DÑfpM„X$, rkqL$L$d, rldpQg
âv$¡i A_¡ Aê$ZpQg âv$¡i S>¡hp fpS>ep¡ kp¡ Qu__u kflv$p¡
Å¡X$pe¡gu R>¡. S>¡ 40`0 qL$gp¡duV$f S>¡V$gu g„bpB ^fph¡ R>¡.
Aê$ZpQg âv$¡idp„ Qu__u kflv$ _ÆL$_p n¡Ódp„
ApB.V$u.bu.ù._u `4 S>¡V$gu _hu `p¡õV$ r_dp®Z L$fhp_u
bpbs cpfs kfL$pf_u fZ_ursL$ âprdL$sp R>¡.
Qu_ kudp `f rhL$pk_p L$pep£
dpV$¡ kyfnp d„Ópge_¡ èp®hfZ
d„Ópge_u d„S|>fu g¡hp `f R|>V$R>pV$
L$¡qÞÖe èp®hfZ d„Ópge Üpfp 1f S|>__p fp¡S> Qu_ kudp `f
rhr_dp®Z_p L$pep£ dpV$¡ fnp d„Ópge_¡ d„S|>fu g¡hpdp„u dyqL$s
Ap`hpdp„ Aphu R>¡. S>¡ kudpn¡Ó_p 100 qL$gp¡duV$f_p v$pefpdp„
kX$L$ A_¡ kyfnp d„Ópge_u rhr_dp®Z ep¡S>_pAp¡ dpV$¡ li¡.
kudp `f Qu__u hû fl¡gu NrsrhrÂp¡_¡ gndp„ fpMu_¡ kX$L$
_¡V$hL®$ rhL$kphu_¡ S>ê$fu kf„Åd_u ìehõp L$fhp dpV$¡ Ap
r_Z®e ep¡ R>¡.
v$¡icfdp„ k¡hpu k„b„r^s rhrcÞ_ rhcpNp¡dp„ k¡hp r_h©s k¥r_L$p¡_u afuepv$p¡, AfÆAp¡_u ÅZL$pfu, s¡d_u hs®dp_ qõrs rhj¡
ÅZL$pfu Ap`sy sp k¡hp r_h©s k¥r_L$p¡ A_¡ s¡d_p `qfS>_p¡_u afuepv$p¡ BÞV$f_¡V$_p dpÂed Üpfp k„b„r^s rhcpNp¡_¡ `lp¢QpX$u iL$¡
s¡hy "k¡hp r_h©s k¥r_L$ aqfepv$ kdp^p_ `p¡V®$g'cpfsue k¡_p Üpfp ` S|>__p fp¡S> Åfu L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy.
BÞV$f_¡V$ Ap^pqfs Ap `p¡V®$g_¡ _¡i_g BÞap¡d£qV$L$k k¡ÞV$f (A¡_.ApB.ku.)A¡ qX$TpB_ A_¡ rhL$rks L$ey® R>¡. k¡hp r_h©s k¥q_L$
rhi¡j "e|S>f ApB.X$u.' A_¡ `pkhX®$ Üpfp Ap `p¡V®$gdp„u k¡_p dpV$¡ Å¡X$pe¡gu rhrcÞ_ ep¡S>_pAp¡_u ÅZL$pfu d¡mhu iL$i¡. Ap
`p¡V®$gdp„ A¡L$ õhQprgs S>hpb ìehõp (Ap¡V$p¡d¡V$¡X$ qfõ`p¢k auQf)dp„ `Z kdprls R>¡. S>¡ kde kde `f k¡hp q_h©Ñ k¥r_L$p¡_¡ s¡d_u
afuepv$p¡ A_¡ AV$L$¡gp dpdgpAp¡_u hs®dp_ qõrs rhj¡ B-d¡Bg A_¡ dp¡bpBg `f k„v$¡i Apù_¡ k|rQs L$fi¡.
cpfs v$¡i_p fpô²$ue ìy hpO_p k„fnZ dpV$¡$ DÑfâv$¡i f01fdp„ rbS>_p¡f rS>ëgp_y„ "Adp_NY$' fpS>e_y„ buSy> V$pBNf
kfL$pf¡ fpô²$ue hpO k„fnZ Ap¸p¡qfV$u (A¡_.V$u.ku.A¡.)_p qfTh® Op¡rjs ey lsy.
A_ydp¡v_$ bpv$ 13 S|__p fp¡S> "ùgucus'_¡ V$pBNf qfTh®_p¡ ùgucus V$pBNf qfTh® :
v$fÄÅ¡ âv$p_ L$ep£ R>¡. S>¡ lh¡ DÑfâv$¡i_y„ ÓuSy> A_¡ DÑfâv$¡i_p ùgucus V$pBNf qfTh®_y„ Ly$g
v$¡i_y„ 4`d„y V$pBNf qfTh® b_u Ney R>¡. V$pBV$f n¡Óam 73,0f4.98 l¡L$V$f R>¡. S>¡dp„ 60,f79.8
rfTh®_p¡ v$fˆp¡$ dmhp_¡ L$pfZ¡ lh¡ hpO dpV$¡ l¡L$V$f "L$p¡f A¡qfep' (dy¿en¡Ó) A_¡
_yL$ip_L$pfL$ NrsrhrÂp¡ `f ârsb„^ iL$e b_i¡. 1f74`.18 l¡L$V$f "baf Tp¡_' (bpùen¡Ó) R>¡.
`y›$c|rd :: cpfs-_¡`pm kudp `f Aph¡gp ùgucus V$pBNf
V$pBNf qfTh®_p¡ v$fˆ$p¡ A`phhp dpV$¡ qfTh®dp„ B.k.f010_u NZsfu âdpZ¡ (118
DÑfâv$¡i_u kfL$pf¡ ùgucus_p k„frns h_ n¡Ó_¡ S>¡V$gp hpO kdN° DÑfâv$¡idp„ _p¡„^pep lsp.) Ly$g
a¡b°yApfu f014dp„ cpfsue hÞe Æh k„fnZ 30 hpO _p¢^pep lsp.
Ar^r_ed_u ^pfp-18 A„sN®s hÞeÆh rhlpf hpO krls Ap h_dp„ bpfrk„Np, b„Npm
Op¡rjs L$fu_¡ V$pBNf qfTh® b_phhp_p¡ âõsph agp¡qfL$_, lp¸N X$uef, qv$`X$p S>¡hp gyáâpe hp
fpô²$ue hpO k„fnZ Ar^r_ed_u ^pfp 38 (hu) Aph¡gp hÞe Æh Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡.
A„sN®s V$pBNf rfTh® Op¡rjs L$fu_¡ s¡_u Ar^k|Q_p Åfu L$fu lsu. ùgucus_p V$pBNf qfTh® b_hp kp¡ sfpB (`ròd¡
Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, DÑfâv$¡i_p "vy$^hp' _¡ B.k.1987dp„ ùgucusu gB_¡ `|h®dp„ bgfpd`yf kyû sfpB_p rS>ëgp)dp„
fpS>e_y„ âd V$pBNf qfTh® Op¡rjs L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy. bpv$dp„ hj® hpO_p k„fnZ A_¡ h„ih©rÂ^_¡ âp¡Ðkpl_ dmi¡.
"ùgucus' v$¡i_y„ 4`dy„ V$pBNf qfTh®
Aghf, d¡fW$ A_¡ `p_u`s
dpV$¡ f¥r`X$ f¡g tgL$_¡ d„S|>fu
qv$ëlu_p D`fpS>e`pg _Æb S„>N¡ 11 S|>__p fp¡S> Aghf, `pZu`s A_¡ d¡fW$ dpV$¡_u f¡r`X$ f¡g
tgL$_¡ d„S|>fu Apù R>¡. s¡ f¥r`X$ f¡g tgL$ L$¡ n¡Óue f¥r`X$ V²$p„rS>V$ rkõV$d (Apf.Apf.V$u.A¡d.) `qfep¡S>_p
lpBõùX$ V²$¡_p¡_p dpÂedu fpô²$ue fpS>^p_u n¡Ó_¡ Å¡X$u_¡ lpB õùX$ V²$¡_p¡ 60 qL$.du. ârs L$gpL$_u TX$`¡
v$p¡X$i¡.
(1) qv$ëlu d¡fW$ L$p¡qfX$p¸f Ap_„v$ rhlpf A_¡ klpe L$pg¡ Mp„ B_¡ 5kpf i¡ s¡ qv$ëlu d¡V²$p¡ f¡g r_Nd
Üpfp kdr®s i¡. A_¡ 90 qL$gp¡duV$f_y„ A„sf v|$f L$f i¡.
(f) qv$ëlu `pZu`s L$p¡qfX$p¡f 111 qL$gp¡duV$f_y„ A„sf L$pù_¡ L$pídufu N¡V$ kyû li¡.
(3) qv$ëlu Aghf L$p¡qfX$p¡f 180 qL$gp¡duV$f_y„ A„sf L$pù_¡ NyX$Np„h kyû S>i¡.
ÓZ¡ L$p¡qfX$p¡f `f õV$¡i_p¡_u Ly$g k„¿ep 48 S>¡V$gu R>¡. qv$ëludp„ L$p¡qfX$p¸f_u Ly$g g„bpB 70.7 qL$gp¡duV$f
R>¡. qv$ëludp„ Ly$g 11 õV$¡i_ li¡. S>¡dp„ Ap_„v$ rhlpf, kfpe L$pg¡Mp„, L$pídufu N¡V$, dyL$pfbp Qp¡L$, _f¡gp,
_hu qv$ëlu f¡gh¡ õV$¡i_ ^¥pgpLy$hp, drl`pg`yf kdprhô$ R>¡.
`qfep¡S>_p_p¡ Ly$g MQ® 7f,1f0 L$fp¡X$ S>¡V$gp¡ R>¡ S>¡_¡ dpV$¡ Qpf¡ fpS>e qv$ëlu, lqfepZp, DÑfâv$¡i A_¡
fpS>õp_ ep¡Nv$p_ dpV$¡ klds ep R>¡.
`qfep¡S>_p_u ÓZ L$p¡qfX$p¡f
Qu__p rhv$¡i d„Óu hp„Q Qu lsu.
8/9 S|>_ v$frdep_ cpfs_p kyódp õhfpS> kp¡ QQp®_p¡
â h p k ¡ k p s k v $ õ e p ¡ _ p rhje qÜ`rne k„b„^p¡_p rhõspf
ârsr_q^d„X$m kp¡ Apìep lsp. dpV$¡ S>ê$fu ê$`¡ A¡L$buÅ_u
s¡d_p âhpk_p¡ l¡sy cpfs_u _h k„h¡v$_iugsp A_¡ ApL$p„npAp¡_¡
fQus dp¡v$u kfL$pf kp¡ kÞdp_ Ap`hy sp L$¥gpk dp_
Ly$V$_ursL$ k„`L®$ õpr`s L$fhp_p¡ kfp¡hf epÓp, cpfs-Qu__p
lsp¡. s¡dZ¡ 9 S>|_¡ fpô²$`rs sp kp„õL©$rsL$ k„`L$p®¡_¡ dS>b|su âv$p_
hX$pâ^p_ kp¡ dygpL$ps L$fu L$fhp_p¡ lsp¡.
Qu__prhv$¡id„Óuhp„NQucpfs_udygpL$ps¡
rkqL$L$d fpS>e_u `h_Ly$dpf QpdtgN kfL$pf Üpfp 9 S|>__p fp¡S> Nfubu
f¡Mpu _uQ¡ (bu.ù.A¡g.) fl¡gp gp¡L$p¡ dpV$¡ kfL$pfu _p¡L$fu dpV$¡ 1f % A_pds_u
Å¡NhpB L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. fpS>e kfL$pf_u v$f¡L$ _p¡L$fuAp¡ sp kph®S>r_L$ n¡Ó_p
D`¾$dp¡dp„ Nfubu f¡Mpu _uQ¡ fl¡gp Dd¡v$hpfp¡_¡ A_pds_p¡ gpc dmi¡. Ap
ApfnZ r_ed rkqL$L$d d|©m_p v$f¡L$ ìeqL$sAp¡ `f syf„s âcphu gpN| L$fhpdp„
Apìep¡ R>¡.
Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, rkqL$L$ddp„ dpÓ 8 % ìeqL$s Nfubu f¡Mpu _uQ¡_p R>¡.
fpS>ecfdp„ s¡_u k„¿ep ``,000 S>¡V$gu R>¡.
Ly$X$_Ly$gd AÏàgp„V$ 8 S|>__p fp¡S> 1000 d¡Nphp¡V$ rhS>mu `¡v$p L$f_pf cpfs_p¡ âd àgp„V$ b_u
Nep¡ R>¡. S>¡_y„ âd A¡L$d `p¡sp_u `|Z® ndsp kyû `lp¢Qu Ney R>¡. Ap `l¡gp NyS>fps_y„ V$pV$p dy„Öp
`qfep¡S>_p 800 d¡Nphp¡V$ rhS>mu ndsp kp¡ kp¥u dp¡Vy$ A¡L$g DÐ`pv$_ A¡L$d lsy.
1000 d¡Nphp¸V$ rhS>mu `¡v$p L$f_pf
Ly$X$_Ly$gd cpfs_p¡ âd AÏàgpÞV$ bÞep¡
bu.ù.A¡g. dpV$¡ rkqL$L$ddp„
kfL$pfu _p¡L$fudp„ 1f % A_pds
lh¡ "Açdp apd®ku'srdg_pXy$_u S>egrgsp kfL$pf Üpfp NyZhÑp eyL$s
v$hpAp¡ d|m qL„ds L$fsp 10 % Ap¡R>p cph¡u h¡Qhp dpV$¡ f6
Sy>_u "Açdp apd®ku (Açdp dê„$^pNd) _p¡ `°pf„c ep¡ R>¡.
S>¡ A„sN®s kps rS>ëgpdp„ 10 S>¡V$gu Açdp apd®kuAp¡_„y
Dv$¹OpV$_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey R>¡. dy¿ed„ÓuA¡ krQhpgedp„u
huqX$ep¡ k¡ÞV$f L$p¢afÞk_p dpÂedu Q¡Þ_B, Bfp¡X$, k¡gd,
aX$¹X$pgp¡f, dvy$fpB, rihN„Np A_¡ rhf$^y_Nf rS>‰pdp„ Ap
apd®kuAp¡ iê$ B R>¡. Ap Açdp d¡qX$L$g vy$L$p_p¡ bk õV$¡ÞX$
rS>ëgp dy¿epgep¡ S>¡hp cfQL$ õ_p¡ `f õpr`s B R>¡.
s¡dS> BdfS>Þku v$hpAp¡_u kyfnp dpV$¡ L$p¡ëX$ õV$p¡f¡S>
kyrh^pAp¡ `Z Ap`hpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

_hu_sd V$¡¼¹_p¡gp¸Æ S>¡d L$¡ dp¡bpBg,
A¡k.A¡d.A¡k. a¡kbyL$, hp¡V$¹kA¡`, õL$pe`,
g¡`V$p¡`, huqX$ep¡ L$p¡tgN S>¡hu k„Qpf k¡hpAp¡_¡ kpd¡g
L$fu_¡ kudp kyfnp v$m (bu.A¡k.A¡a.)_u `„Åb
ä„qV$ef Üpfp v|$f_p A„sfuepm rhõspfp¡dp„ afS>fs
S>hp_p¡ dpV$¡ rQqL$ÐkL$ A_¡ `¡fpd¡qX$L$g L$d®Qpfu kp¡
k„`L®$ L$fu_¡ Apfp¡Áe `fpdi® L$fu iL$pe s¡hu
"V$¡gud¡qX$ku_ `qfep¡S>_p' f3 S|>_¡ âpf„c L$fhpdp„
Aphu R>¡.
dyëgp`¡qfepfb„^_ukyfnp-v$¡Mf¡M`frhQpfL$fhpkrdrs_ufQ_p_¡d„S|>fudyëgp `¡rfepf b„^_u kyfnp A_¡ v$¡Mf¡M k„b„r^s dpdgpAp¡ `f rhQpf L$fhp dpV$¡ ÓZ kv$õep¡_u v$¡Mf¡M krdrs_u fQ_p L$fhp
dpV$¡ L$¡qÞÖe d„Óu d„X$m¡ 18 S|>_¡ d„S|>fu Apù R>¡. ÓZ kv$õep¡_u v$¡Mf¡M krdrs_p AÂen L$¡qÞÖe S>m Apep¡N_p hqf›$ Ar^L$pfu li¡
sp A¡L$ kv$õe srdg_pXy$ A_¡ A¡L$ kv$õe L$¡fm_p li¡.
S>mpie_y„ `|Z® õsf 14f ayV$ kyû h^pfhp
kyr_[òs L$fi¡ A_¡ 100 hj®u h^y S|>_p Ap b„^_u
kyfnp bpbsp¡ `f rhQpf L$fi¡.
krdrs_y„ L$pe® ::-
dyëgp `¡qfepf b„^
B.k.1887-9` hÃQ¡ rb°qV$i kfL$pf Üpfp L$¡fm fpS>edp„
`¡fuepf _v$u `f fpS>e_p `[òd OpV$_p L$pfX$p¡dpk rlëk_p BXy$L$L$u
rS>ëgpdp„ kdyÖ smu 881 duV$f_u JQpBA¡ `f dyëgp `¡rfepf
b„^_y„ r_dp®Z L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy. S>¡ hs®dp_ kde¡ srdg_pXy$ A_¡
L$¡fm fpS>e hÃQ¡ rhhpv$_p¡ rhje bÞep¡ R>¡.
"V$¡gud¡qX$rk_`qfep¡S>_p'
cpfs v$¡i_p Ágp¡bg A¡X$ëV$ V$p¸b¡L$p¡ kh£ (Æ.A¡k.V$u.A¡k. BqÞX$ep) dyS>b f7.` L$fp¡X$ gp¡L$p¡
sdpL|$ k¡h_ L$f¡ R>¡. L$¡ÞÖ kfL$pf_p Apfp¡Áe A_¡ `qfhpf L$ëepZ d„Ópge Üpfp sdpL|$_p k¡h__¡
L$pfZ¡ Apfp¡Áe A_¡ Apr®L$ qõrs `f `X$sp âcphp¡_¡ DÅNf L$fhp Qpf rdr_V$_p¡ huqX$ep¡
rhop`_ "^ âpBT hu `¡' Åfu L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡.
Ap huqX$ep¡dp„ gp¡L$p¡ A_¡ s¡d_p Æh_ `f sdpL|$ k¡h__¡ L$pfZ¡ `X$sp âcphp¡_¡ V$pV$p d¡dp¡qfeg
lp¡qõ`V$g_p L$¡Þkf hp¡X®$dp„ sdpL|$ k¡h_ L$fsp v$v$}Ap¡ A_¡ su d©Ðey_u cep_L$sp rhj¡ qhõspfu
S>Zphhpdp Apìey R>¡. s¡dS> sdpL|$ k¡h_ L$f_pf rhi¡j ùqX$sp¡_p¡ kpnpÐL$pf `Z L$fphhpdp„
Apìep¡ R>¡. S>¡dp„ s¡d_p `qfhpf_p gp¡L$p¡_u ipfuqfL$ Apr®L$ õsf¡ e¡gu `f¡ip_uAp¡_¡ DÅNf
L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.
Ap huqX$ep¡_¡ rhð a¡akp apDÞX$¡i_ (hëX®$ g„Ák apD„X$¡i_)_u sL$_uL$u klpe hX$¡
sp sdpL|$ DÐ`pv$_p¡ `f V$¡L$k h^pfu_¡ s¡_p h`fpi dpV$¡ gp¡L$p¡_¡ lsp¡Ðkpl L$fsp
l¡qgk_p klep¡Nu b_phhpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡. S>dp„ N°pauL$_u dv$v$u Apfp¡Áe
Q¡shZuAp¡ sp DÃQ sdpL|$ V$¡L$k Üpfp L$X$L$ sdpL|$ r_e„ÓZ
_ursAp¡_p q¾$epÞhe__p dpdgpAp¡_¡ `Z v$ip®hpep R>¡.
"^âpBThu`¡'L$¡ÞÖkfL$pf_y„sdpL|$rhfp¡ûrhop`_
âd k„d¡g_ a¡b°yApfu 2015dp„ k„d¡g__u ud : N°¡V$ dp¥kd Ap¸a gr_¯N : _p¡g¡S> kp¡kpeV$uT
A¡ÞX$ ^ d¡qL„$N Ap¸a ^ BqÞX$e_ Ap¡kue_ fuS>_'
"âp¡S>¡L$V$ dp¥kd'_y„ âd Ap„sffpô²$ue k„d¡g_ _hu qv$ëlu Mps¡ a¡b°yApfu f01`dp„ Apep¡rS>s i¡. S>¡dp„ fpô²$ue A_¡
Ap„sffpô²$ue ip¡^ cpNuv$pf A_¡ klep¡Nu cpN g¡i¡.
L$¡qÞÖe k„õL©$rs d„Ópge_p krQh fhuÞÖtkl Üpfp kp¥ âdhpf "âp¡S>¡L$V$ dp¥kd'_p¡ âõsph Ap`hpdp„ Apìep¡
lsp¡. S>¡ _p¡X$g kdÞhe A¡S>Þku_p ê$`¡ k„õL©$qs d„Ópge kp¡ BqÞv$fp Np„û fpô²$ue L$gp L$¡ÞÖ, _hu rv$ëlu_u A¡L$
`l¡g ê$`¡ R>¡.
Ap âp¡S>¡L$V$_p¡ dy¿e l¡sy kdyÖu kp„õL©$rsL$ dpNp¡®, kdyÖu kp„õL©$rsL$ `qfÖíe A_¡ dpN® `f ìep`L$ X$¡V$pb¡T A_¡
e|_¡õL$p¡ h¡b àg¡V$ap¡d® b_phhy A_¡ ud Üpfp e|_¡õL$p¡_u AÞe kp„õL©$rsL$ `f„`fpAp¡_¡ rhð rhfpks k„d¡g_ kp¡
Å¡X$hp_p¡ R>¡.
"âp¡S>¡L$V$ dp¥kd'_p¡ âepk b¡ õsf¡ `p¡sp_¡ õpr`s L$fhp_p¡ R>¡ (1) kp„õL©$rsL$ d|ëep¡ A_¡ rhQpfp¡_¡ kdS>hp dpV$¡
dv$v$ L$fu iL$¡ s¡ dpV$¡ dp¡V$p `pe¡ âp¡S>¡L$V$_p¡ l¡sy rlÞv$ dlpkpNf_u vy$r_ep v$¡ip¡_u hÃQ¡ k„Qpfu Å¡X$pZ (f) _p_p
`pe¡ âp¡S>¡L$V$_y„ ap¡L$k fpô²$ue k„õL©$rsAp¡ A_¡ s¡d_p n¡Óue kdyÖu `qfhs®__¡ kdS>hp_y R>¡.
âp¡S>¡L$V$dp¥kd
V$p¡gõV$p¡e apd®_p¡ ÆZp£Â^pf dÂeâv$¡i kfL$pf L$fi¡
cpfsue DÃQpep¡N, õp_ue cpfsue kd|v$pe, v$rnZ ApräL$p kfL$pf¡ kp¡ dmu_¡ f0 Sy>gpB
f014Þpp fp¡S> V$p¸gõV$p¡e apd®dp„u `|.Np„ûÆ_p v$rnZ ApräL$pu cpfs `f afhp_p 100 hj® `|Z®
hp_p D`gÿedp„ A¡L$ kdpfp¡l_y„ Apep¡S>_ i¡. s¡dS> apd®dp„ õp_ue kpdyv$preL$ k„NW$_p¡_p kd|l
Üpfp rhL$rks L$fhpdp„ Aph_pf "NpX®$_ Ap¸a qfd¢bfk'_u õp`_p_u `qfep¡S>_p_u iê$Aps `Z Ap
qv$hk¡ i¡.
cpfs_p fpô²$q`sp `|.dlpÐdp Np„ûÆ S>¡_p g¡M_u b¡lv$ âcprhs lsp, s¡ frie_
g¡ML$ rgep¡ V$p¸gõV$p¸e_p _pd `fu _pd `pd¡gp V$p¡gõV$p¡e apd®_u õp`_p `|.bp`yA¡
B.k.1910dp„ v$rnZ ApräL$p Mps¡ L$fu lsu. 1100 A¡L$fdp„ a¡gpe¡gp Ap apd®_¡ s¡d_p
rdÓ lfd_ L$¥g¡_b¡L$¡ v$p_dp„ Apàey lsy.
Ap apd®dp„u `|.dlpÐdp Np„ûÆA¡ `p¡sp_p¡ âd kÐepN°l iê$ L$ep£ lsp¡. A¡ rkhpe
`|.bp`y_p kÐepN°l_p rkÂ^p„sp¡A¡ sÐL$pgu_ v$rnZ-ApräL$p_p AÞepe`|Z® A_¡ _õghpv$u
ipk_ kpd¡ gX$hp ^¡e®hp_ rhfp¡û kdyv$pe_u dv$v$ L$fu lsu. ^¡e®hp_ rhfp¡û kd|v$pedp„
rhrcÞ_ `©›$c|rdAp¡, ÅrsAp¡, ^d®_p gp¡L$p¡ apd®dp„ lmudmu_¡ fl¡sp lsp.
V$p¡gõV$p¡e apd®
V$p¡gõV$p¸e apd®_p ÆZp®¡Â^pf dpV$¡ dÂeâv$¡i kfL$pf¡ A¡L$ L$fp¡X$_u fL$d apmhhp_u
Op¡jZp 10 S|>_¡ L$fu lsu. Ap Op¡jZp dy¿ed„Óu rihfpS>rk„l Qp¥lpZ¡ Å¡lp„kbN®_p
`qfÐeL$s rhõspf S>¡_u dprgL$u A¡L$ HV$ b_ph_pf L„$`_u `pk¡ R>¡, s¡_u epÓp v$frdep_ L$fu
lsu.
ÆZp®¡Â^pf dpV$¡ dÂeâv$¡i_u dv$v$
L$¡qÞÖe v|$f k„Qpf Apep¡N¡ v$¡icfdp„ `|Z® dp¡bpBg _„bf
`p¡V$£rbguV$u_¡ 13 S|>__p fp¡S> k¥Â^p„rsL$ d„S|>fu âv$p_ L$fu R>¡. S>¡
A„sN®s dp¡bpBg N°plL$ v$¡idp„ L$ep„e `Z `p¡sp_p¡ _„bf ephs
fpMu_¡ dp¡bpBg Ap¡`f¡Vf$ bv$gu iL$i¡.
`|Z® dp¡bpBg _„bf `p¡V$£rbrgV$u_¡ k¥Â^p„qsL$ d„S|>fu
dÂeâv$¡i kfLpf¡ 17 S|>__p fp¡S> _d®v$p-dpmhp-N„cuf
tgL$ `qfep¡S>_p (A¡_.A¡d.Æ.A¡g.ù.)_¡ d„S|>fu âv$p_ L$fu R>¡.
cp¡`pg Mps¡ dy¿ed„Óu rihfpS>tkl Qp¥lpZ_u AÂensp
^fphsp _d®v$p r_e„ÓZ d„X$m_u b¡W$L$dp„ Ap ep¡S>_p krls
f143 L$fp¡X$ S>¡V$gu fL$d_u _v$u Å¡X$p¡ `qfep¡S>_p_¡ õhuL©$rs
Ap`hpdp„ Aphu lsu.
_d®v$p-dpmhp-N„cuf `qfep¡S>_p dÂeâv$¡i_p BÞv$p¡f,
Dˆ$¥_ rS>ëgpdp„ 1`8 Npdp¡_¡ tkQpB kyrh^p A_¡ v$¡i_u Ly$g
`0,000 l¡L$V$f c|rd_¡ kyrh^p Apì¡. s¡dS> dpmhp n¡Ó_¡
cyNc® S>m õsf A_¡ ùhp_p `pZu_u s„Nu Ap¡R>u L$fhp A_¡
âõsprhs L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g R>¡.
dÂeâv$¡i kfL$pf¡ _d®v$p-
dpmhp-N„cuf tgL$
`qfep¡S>_p_¡ d„S|>fu Apù
dlpfpô²$ rh^p_kcp Üpfp X$p„kbpf `f `|Z®
ârsb„^ gNphsy rh^¡eL$ `kpf
dlpfpô²$ rh^p_kcp Üpfp 13 S|>__p fp¡S> X$p„kbpf r_j¡^
Ar^r_eddp„ k„ip¡^_ L$fsp rh^¡eL$_¡ d„S|>fu Ap`hpdp„ Aphu R>¡.
Ap k„ip¡^_dp„ X$p„kbpfp¡_y„ gpekÞk fv$ L$fu_¡ °u õV$pf A_¡
apBh õV$pf lp¡V$gp¡dp„ X$p„k âv$i®_ `f fp¡L$ gNphpB R>¡. Å¡ L¡, s¡dp„
`bdp„ ep¡Åsp `pqfhpfuL$ kdpfp¡l, qX$õL$p¡ ¡L$, Ap¸fL$¡õV²$p `pV$}dp„
sp X$p„k `f L„B S>Zphpey _u.
Ap k„ip¡^__p c„N bv$g lp¡V$g_u `frdV$ fv$ L$fhp kp¡
Ap¡R>pdp„ Ap¡R>u ÓZ dpku h^ydp„h^y `p„Q hj® kyû S>¡g_u
kÅ_u Å¡NhpB sp A¡L$ gpMu gB_¡ `p„Q gpM kyû_p v„$X$_u
Å¡NhpB L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.
L$¡qÞÖek„õL©$rsd„ÓpgeÜpfp"dp¥kd`qfep¡S>_p'_uiê$Aps
bly Apepdu rlÞv$ dlpkpNf_u vy$r_ep_u dprlsu d¡mhhp A_¡ s¡_u kp„õL©$rsL,$
hpZurS>eL,$ ^prd®L$ rhrh^sp `f$ `yfpspqÐhL$ A_¡ A¥qslprkL$ qfQk® L$fhp L$sf_p v$p¡lp
Mps¡ f0 S|>_¡ rhð rhfpks krdrs_p 38dp„ kÓdp„ "âp¡S>¡L$V$ dp¥kd'_p¡ âpf„c L$fhpdp„
Apìep¡ lsp¡.
L$¡qÞÖe k„õL©$rs d„Ópge_p Ap âp¡S>¡L$V$dp„ e|_¡õL$p¡ krls Qu_, Bfp_, çep„dpf, k„eyL$s
Apfb Ardfps A_¡ rhA¡s_pd S>¡hp v$¡ip¡_p fpS>v|$sp¡A¡ `Z M|b S> JX$u ê$Qu v$ip®hu lsu.

kfL$pf Üpfp dpÞesp d¡mh¡gp A_¡ dyqõgd
kdyv$pe_u kph®S>r_L$ õpeu `qfkç`rsAp¡_u r_epdL$
A_¡ r_e„ÓL$ k„õp hL$a bp¡X®$ sfuL$¡ Ap¡mMpe R>¡.
dÂeâv$¡i fpS>e_p hL$a bp¡X®$_p kv$õe `v$¡ fl¡gp
_Tdp l¡`syëgp_¡ L$¡qÞÖe d„Óu d„X$mdp„ gOydsu
dpdgp_p d„Ópgedp„ d„Óu `v$¡ r_dZ|„L$ L$fhpdp„ Aphsp
s¡dZ¡ 13 S|>_¡ hL$a bp¡X®$dp„u fpÆ_pdy Apàey R>¡.
DÑfpM„X$ kfL$pf_u L$¡rb_¡V$¡ ` S|>_ f014_p fp¡S> dy¿ed„Óu
lfui fphs_u L$p¢N°¡k kfL$pf Üpfp "qL$kp_ âp¡ÐkplL$ `¢i_
ep¡S>_p' _¡ d„S|>fu âv$p_ L$fu lsu. Ap ep¡S>_p 1` Ap¸Nô$ f014
u iê$ i¡.
Ap ep¡S>_p A„sN®s fpS>edp„ l¡L$V$f c|rd `f M¡su L$f_pf
qL$kp_p¡_¡ 800 ê$qèp ârs dpk `¢i_ Ap`hp_u Å¡NhpB R>¡. Ap
âL$pf_u ep¡S>_p gph_pf DÑfpM„X$ fpS>e v$¡i_„y âd fpS>e R>¡.
"qL$kp_ âp¡ÐkplL$ `¢i_
ep¡S>_p' -DÑfpM„X$
kfL$pf_u d„S|>fu
X$p¸._Tdp l¡`syëgp_y„
dÂeâv$¡i fpS>e hL$a
bp¡X®$dp„u fpÆ_pdy
`.b„Npm_u kfL$pf¡ f0 S|>__p fp¡S> rh^p_kcpdp„ S>g`pB NyX$u
rSëgp_y„ rhcpS>_ L$fu_¡ Agu`yfÜpf _pd_p rS>ëgp_u fQ_p L$fhp_p¡
r_Z®e gu^p¡ R>¡. S>¡ f` S|>_¡ AqõsÐhdp„ Aphhp_u kp¡ `„.b„Npmdp„ Ly$g
rS>ëgp_u k„¿ep f0 S>¡V$gu B NB R>¡.
L$¡ÞÖ kfL$pf Üpfp 19 S|>_¡ 6 S>¡V$gu dlÐh`|Z®
krdrsAp¡_y„ `y_N®W$_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy. 4
L$¡rb_¡V$ krdrs_y„ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u_p A_¡ bpL$u_u b¡
krdrs_y„ N©lâ^p_ fpS>_ptkl_u AÂenspdp„
NW$_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy.
_f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u Qpf L$¡rb_¡V$ krdrs kyfnp,
fpS>_ursL$ dpdgp, Apr®L$ dpdgp, d„Óu d„X$gue
r_e|qL$s_p AÂen `v$¡ sp fpS_ptkl k„kv$ue
L$pe® A_¡ Aphpk NW$_ krdrs_p AÂen fl¡i¡.
L$¡ÞÖ kfL$pf Üpfp 6
L$¡rb_¡V$ krdrsAp¡_y„
`y_N®W$_
.bNm N pr Æs` „ p _p¡S>g`pB yX$urS>ëg¡ hcp
friep_p D` hX$pâ^p_
rv$rdÓu Ap¡ fp¡Np¡rS>__p¡
cpfs âhpkfriep_p D` hX$pâ^p_ qv$qdÓu Ap¡ fp¡Np¡qS>_ cpfs_u b¡
qv$hkue epÓp `f 18 S|>_¡ dygpL$ps¡ Apìep lsp. s¡dZ¡
hX$pâ^p_ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u A_¡ rhv$¡i d„Óu kyjdp õhfpS> kp¡
dygpL$ps L$fu lsu.
dlpfpô²$ fpS>edp„ `R>ps`Zp_p Ap^pf¡ _l] L$¡ ^d®_p Ap^pf¡
dfpW$p_¡ 16% A_¡ dyqõgdp¡_¡ ` % S>¡V$gu A_pds rinZ
k„õpAp¡dp„ Ap`hp dpV$¡ fpS>ed„Óu d„X$m Üpfp f6 S|>_¡ d„S|>fu âv$p_
L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. Ap a¢kgp¡ dykgdp_p¡_p kpdprS>L$ A_¡ i¥nrZL$
A_¡ Apr®L$ `R>ps`Zp_p Ap^pf¡ b_¡gu kÃQf krdrs A_¡ f„N_p
rdîp Apep¡N_u cgpdZ_p Ap^pf¡ g¡hpep¡ R>¡.
b_¡ kdyv$pep¡_u fpS>edp„ Ly$g hksu 111 rdgue_ S>¡V$gu R>¡. S>¡dp„
dfpW$p 3f % A_¡ dyqõgd ` % S>¡V$gu R>¡.
àB.k.f007dp„ Ap„^°âv$¡i fpS>e dykgdp_p¡_¡ 4 % A_pds
Ap`_pf âd fpS>e bÞey lsy. Å¡ L$¡ bpv$dp„ lpBL$p¡V$£ A¡hy S>Zphu_¡
A_pds r_fõs L$fu_¡ S>Zpìey lsy L$¡ Ap âL$pf_u A_pds_¡ L$pfZ¡
k„rh^p__p A_yÃR>¡v$ 14, 1`(1) A_¡ 16(f) Dëg„O_ pe R>¡.
B.k.199fdp„ kyrâd L$p¡V®$_u k„rh^p_ ùW$¡ d„X$g Apep¡N
Üpfp Ap¡.bu.ku._¡ âv$p_ sp ApfnZ_u cgpdZp¡_¡ k„h¡^pr_L$ ê$`¡
ep¡Áe S>Zphu_¡ v$f¡L$ âL$pf_u A_pds dpV$¡ Ly$g `0% _u Ar^L$sd
kudp r_^p®fus L$fu lsu.
à `0 % A_pds_u kudp r_^p®qfs L$fhp R>sp L$¡V$gpL$ fpS>ep¡ h^y
ApfnZ Apù füp R>¡. S>¡dp„ Ap„^°âv$¡i 83 %, srdg_pXy$dp„ 69 %
S>¡V$gy ApfnZ R>¡.
àdlpfpô²$ fpS>edp„ hj® f004dp„ qhgpkfph v$¡idyM_u kfL$pf hMs¡
kp¥ âdhpf dyqõgd A_pds_u dp„N DW$u lsu.
àhs®dp_ kfL$pf¡ dyqõgd/dfpW$pAp¡_¡ Ap`¡gu A_pds kpd¡ kyrâd
L$p¡V®$dp„ `X$L$pf Apù iL$pe R>¡. Lp$fZ L$¡, kyâud L$p¡V®$ Üpfp r_^p®qfs
`0 % A_pds_u kudp_p¡ c„N pe R>¡.
dlpfpô²$dp„ dfpW$p_¡ 1` %,
dyqõgdp¡_¡ ` % A_pds
dy[õgd A_pds rhj¡ ÅZhp S>¡hy :
Dcfu Aphu R>¡. B.ù.ku. n¡Ó `pk¡ Ap¡Bg A_¡ N¡k
`¡V²$p¡L$¡rdL$ëk, M__ A_¡ ^psy rhop_, Dh®fL$ rhS>mu
A_¡ byr_epv$u dpmMp n¡Ó¡ rhrh^ `p¡V®$ap¡rgep¡_u
`qfep¡S>_pAp¡ R>¡.
_hfÐ_ v$fˆ$p¡ âpá L$fhp dpV$¡_p dp`v„$X$
- `pR>gp `p„Q hj®dp„ Ap¡R>pdp„ Ap¡R>p ÓZ DÐL©$ô$ L$¡ M|b
S> kpfp d¡dp¡f¢X$d A¸a A„X$f õV¡qÞX„$$N
- A_yk|rQ A¡ A_¡ rdr_fÐ_ î¡Zu-1 _p¡ v$fˆ$p¡ lp¡hp¡.
- `pR>gp ÓZ hj®_p âv$i®_ `f 100 A„L$dp„u 60 L$¡
s¡_pu h^y A¡L$ L$¡, q_çdguqMs v$nsp dp`v„$X$ `f âpá
ep lp¡e.
(1) _¡V$h® `f iyÂ^ gpc
(f) DÐ`pv$_ A_¡ k¡hp `f dp_hîd MQ®
(3) r_ep¡rS>s `|„Æ õhê$`¡ kL$g dprS®>_
(4) V$_®Ap¡hf ê$`¡ kL$g gpc
(`) âqs i¡f AphL$
(6) _¡V$h® `f iyÂ^ gpc `f Ap^pqfs
A„sfn¡Óue syg_p
fpô²$ue ch_ q_dp®Z r_Nd A_¡ A¡qÞS>r_ek®
HqX$ep rgrdV$¡X$_¡ _hfÐ__p¡ v$fˆ$p¡ âv$p_ ep¡
cpf¡ DÛp¡N A_¡ kph®S>r_L$ d„Ópge_¡ Apr^_ kph®S>r_L$
D`¾$d rhcpN Üpfp _pZp„ A_¡ k„Qpg_ õhpesÑp h^pfhp
dpV$¡ L$¡ÞÖ kfL$pf Üpfp f4 S|>_¡ fpô²$ue ch_ r_dp®Z r_Nd
(A¡_.bu.ku.ku.) A_¡ A¡qÞS>r_ek® BqÞX$ep rgrdV$¡X$
(B.ApB.A¡g.)_¡ _hfÐ_p¡ v$fˆ$p¡ âv$p_ ep¡ R>¡. _hfÐ_p¡
v$fˆ$p¡ dmhp_¡ L$pfZ¡ L„$`_uAp¡_¡ L$¡V$guL$ ep¡S>_pAp¡ dpV$¡
r_Z®e g¡hpdp„ Ry>V$R>pV$ dm¡ R>¡.
fpô²$ue ch_ q_dp®Z r_Nd
(A¡_.bu.ku.ku.)
cpfs A_¡ rhv$¡ip¡dp„ rhrh^ âL©$rs, S>qV$gspAp¡ A_¡
kpdprS>L$, fpS>_ursL$ cp¥Np¡rgL$ õp_p¡ `f rkrhg
A¡qÞS>r_ef]N r_dp®Z k¡hp âv$p_ L$f¡ R>¡. A¡_.bu.ku.ku.
byr_epv$u dpmMp n¡Ódp„ `Z kq¾$e füy R>¡. S>¡dp„ rQd_u,
L|$tgN V$phf A_¡ Sy>v$p Sy>v$p âL$pf_p DÅ® àgp„V$p¡ kp¡ Å¡X$pe¡gu
`qfep¡S>_p_y„ L$pe® L$ey® R>¡.
A¡qÞS>r_ek® HqX$ep rgrdV$¡X$
(B.ApB.A¡g.)
cpfs_u dy¿e A¡qÞS>r_eqf„N `fpdi®v$psp L„$`_u sfuL$¡
cpfsue rhop_ k„õp_ (BqÞX$e_ BqÞõV$V$¹e|V$$ Ap¸a
kpeÞk) b¢Ág|ê$ sp L$¡qÞÖe g^y A_¡ dÂed DÛed
d„Ópge hÃQ¡_p A¡d.Ap¡. e|._p am õhê$`¡ k„õp__p
b¢Ág|ê$ Mps¡_p `qfkfdp„ 17 S|>__p fp¡S> L$¡qÞÖe d„Óu L$gfpS>
rdîA¡ A¡L$ "DÐL©$ô$sp L$¡ÞÖ' _y„ Dv$¹OpV$_ L$ey® lsy.
DÐL©ô$sp L$¡ÞÖ_y„ L$pe® :
à cpfsue rhop_ k„õp__p k„ip¡^_L$sp®Ap¡,
byqÂ^ÆhuAp¡, âpÂep`L$p¡_p op_ A_¡ A_|chu
A¡d.A¡k.A¡.B. n¡Ódp„ _hfQ_p, ârsõ`^p® A_¡
rhL$pkdp„ ep¡Nv$p_ Ap`hy.
à DÛp¡Np¡_p õhv$¡iuLfZ A_¡ d|ëe A¡qÞS>r_eqf„N dpV$¡
âq¾$ep A_¡ DÐ`pv$_ qX$TpB_ sp qhL$pk dpV$¡ A¡L$ d„Q
ê$`¡ L$pe® L$fhy.
cpfsue rhop_ k„õp_, b¢Ág|ê$
L$Zp®V$L$_p b¢Ág|ê$ Mps¡ f7 d¡ 1909_p fp¡S> DÃQ
rinZ A_¡ ip¡^ n¡Ó¡ ep¡Nv$p_ Ap`hpdp„ Ddv$p l¡syu
cpfsue rhop_ k„õp__u õp`_p L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.
k„õp__u õp`_p dpV$¡ S>di¡v$Æ V$pV$p_p klL$d} byfp¡fÆ
`pv$ipl_u c|rdL$p dlÐh`|Z® lsu. s¡dS> s¡ dpV$¡ klep¡N
Ap`_pf S>di¡v$Æ V$pV$p, õhprd rhh¡L$p_„v$ S>¡ kh®rhqv$s
riL$pNp¡ epÓpdp„ s¡d_p klep¡Nu lsp. d¥k|f_p dlpfpÅ îu
L©$óZfpS> hpX$uepf, s¡d_p dpsp A_¡ sÐL$prg_ hpBkfp¡e
gp¡X®$ L$T®_ lsp.
BqÞX$e_ BqÞõV$V$¹e|V$ Ap¸a kpeÞk,
b¢Ág|ê$ Mps¡ DÐL©$ô$sp L$¡ÞÖ_u iê$Aps
DÑd âL$pf_u hrlhV$_u dp„N kp¡ B.k.1994u g„bpB fl¡gp pZ¡ rS>ëgp_p rhcpS>__u bpbs_¡ dlpfpô²$ kfL$pf¡
13 S|>__p fp¡S> d„S|>fu_u dlp¡f dpfu R>¡. pZ¡ rS>‰p_p rhcpS>__u dp„N Apd sp¡ B.k.1980_p v$kL$p_p dÂeu B flu
lsu. S>¡_¡ Âep_¡ gB_¡ rhcpS>_ dpV$¡ ìehlpqfL$ AÂee_ `Z L$fphpey lsy `f„sy rhcpS>__p¡ a¦kgp¡ Ap¸L$V$p¡bf f01fdp„
L$p¡L$Z k„cpNue ApeyL$s_u AÂenspd„p fQpe¡g krdrs_p Ap^pf `f ep¡ lsp¡.
pZ¡ rS>‰p_y„ Ap rhcpS>_ 1 Ap¡Nô$, f014 u gpN| i¡ A_¡ pZ¡dp„u AgN `X$¡gp¡ _hp¡ rSëgp¡ `pgOf dlpfpô²$_p¡
36dp¡ rSëgp¡ b_i¡. fpS>e kfL$pf¡ `pgOfdp„ dpmMpL$ue kyrh^p dpV$¡ 4`0 L$fp¡X$ âv$p_ L$fhp_u Ål¡fps L$fu R>¡.
rS>ëgp¡ Ly$g hksu kdprhô$ n¡Ó
pZ¡ 80.`8 gpM L$ëepZ, A„bf_p,D‰pk_Nf, dyfbpv$, iplp`yf
`pgOf 1.10 L$fp¡X$ `pgOf, S>hplf, dp¡Mpv$p, sgkpfu, hkB, hpX$p, v$lpÏ, rh¾$dNY$
rhcpS>_ bpv$_u qõrs :
hj® f01f-f013 v$frdep_ qv$ëlu fpS>e_¡ L$¡fp¡rk_ dyL$s b_phhp_u ep¡S>_p_u e¡gu
iê$Aps f„N gphu R>¡. qv$ëlu kfL$pf¡ 16 S|>_¡ L$f¡gu Op¡jZp dyS>b qv$ëlu v$¡i_y„ âd L$¡fp¡rk_ dyL$s
fpS>e b_u Ney R>¡. qv$ëlu kfL$pf¡ Ap ep¡S>_p `f 6f L$fp¡X$ S>¡V$gp¡ MQ® L$fu_¡ b¡ gpM `rfhpfp¡_¡ das
A¡g.ù.Æ. rkrgÞX$f, f¡Áeyg¡V$f, N¡k õV$h, kyfnp V$e|b A_¡ N¡k L$_¡L$i_ D`gå^ L$fpìep lsp.
L$¡fp¡rk_ dyL$s Op¡rjs hp `l¡gp qv$ëludp„ åg| f„N_p L$¡fp¡rk__„y h¡QpZ sy lsy. S>¡_y„ h¡QpZ A_¡
Dèp¡N lh¡ `|Z® fus¡ ârsb„r^s R>¡. R>sp L$p¡B âqsb„^_p¡ c„N L$fi¡ sp¡ s¡_p `f Bk¢rkeg L$p¡dp¡qX$V$u
A¡L$V$ 19`` A_¡ qv$ëlu L$¡fp¡ku_ Ap¡Bg L„$V²$p¡g A¡L$V$ 196f A„sN®s kMs L$pe®hplu L$fhpdp„
Aphi¡ s¡dS> qv$ëlu _Nf r_Nd Üpfp ap¡q„N„N dpV$¡ âep¡N L$fhpdp„ Aphsy ka¡v$ f„N_y„ kbqkX$u
hNf_y„ L$¡fp¡rk_ s¡g L„$`_uAp¡_p ApDV$g¡V$ `f D`gå^ R>¡.
qv$ëlu fpS>e_¡ L$¡fp¡rk_ dyL$s b_phhp_u ep¡S>_p_u iê$Aps f1 Ap¡Nô$ f01f_p fp¡S> L$¡qÞÖe
`¡V²$p¡rged A_¡ Ly$v$fsu N¡k d„Ópge A_¡ ÓZ dy¿e `¡V²$p¡rged L„$`_uAp¡_p klep¡Nu B lsu.
qv$ëludp„ ârs hj® `3,000 qL$gp¡ guV$f L$¡fp¡rk__p¡ Dèp¡N sp¡ lsp¡. S>¡ S>ê$fuepsd„v$ `qfhpfp¡_¡ 1f.`0 ê$rèp_p cph¡ âqs rgV$f Ap`hpd„p Apìey lsy.
S>¡_p `f 1` ê$rèp_u kbqkX$u L$¡ÞÖ kfL$pf Üpfp Ap`hpdp„ Aphsu lsu. S>¡_p `f ârs hj® f00 L$fp¡X$ S>¡V$gu fL$d kbuqkX$u ê$`¡ MQ® su lsu. S>¡_u lh¡
kfL$pf_¡ bQs i¡.
cpfs_pkp¥uh^yhksu^fphsprS>ëgppZ¡_prhcpS>__¡dlpfpô²$kfL$pf_ud„S>|fu
qv$ëlu bÞey v$¡i_y„ âd L$¡fp¡ku_ dyL$s fpS>e
L$¡fp¡ku_ dyL$s ep¡S>_p
friep cpfs `fdpÏ v$preÐh
L$p_|_ `f kldsfriep 10 S|>__p fp¡S> k¥Â^p„rsL$ fus¡ cpfsue `fdpÏ v$pqeÐh
L$p_|_ dpV$¡ klds B Ney R>¡. S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ Ly$X$_Ly$gd `fdpÏ rhS>mu
k„e„Ó_p ÓuÅ A_¡ Qp¡p A¡L$d dpV$¡_u kdS|>su lõspnf dpV$¡_p¡ fõsp¡
Apkp_ B Nep¡ R>¡.

`|Z¡_u aÁe|®k_ L$p¡g¡S>_p Aph¡v$_ ap¡d®dp„ ÓuÅ tgN_u î¡Zu_¡ f6 S|>_¡ kpd¡g L$fu_¡ qL$Þ_fp¡_u d_psu ÓuÆ î¡Zu_p tgN
dpV$¡ Ap âL$pf¡ kyrh^p D`gå^ L$fph_pf v$¡i_u âd L$p¸g¡S> b_u NB R>¡. âd hj® bu.A¡., bu.A¡k.ku. dpV$¡ AfÆ ap¡d®,
Ap¸_gpB_ D`gå^ R>¡. S>¡dp„ ÓuÅ tgN_p¡ rhL$ë` fpMhpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡. Ap âL$pf_p¡ a¦kgp¡ A¡râg f014dp„ kyâud L$p¡V®$ Üpfp
ÓuÆ tgN_¡ dpÞesp A`pep bpv$ g¡hpep¡ R>¡.
bp¡f hÞe Æh
AcepfÎe v$¡i_y„ 47dy„
V$pBNf qfTh® bÞey
dlpfpô²$ fpS>e_p _pN`yf A_¡ h^p®
rS>ëgp_u kudp `f Aph¡gp bp¡f hÞeÆh
AcepfÎe_¡ L$¡qÞÖe h_ A_¡ èp®hfZ
d„Ópge Üpfp 1 Sy>gpB_p fp¡S> v$¡i_p 47dp„ A_¡
dlpfpô²$_p R>Ì$p V$pBNf-qfTh® sfuL$¡
Ar^k|rQs L$ey® R>¡.
Ap r_Z®e fpô²$ue ìy_p k„fnZ dpV$¡_p
âepkp¡ h^y dS>bys b_phhp_p l¡syu L$fhpdp„
Apìep¡ R>¡. Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, dlpfpô²$dp„ AÞe
V$pBNf qfTh® d¡gOpV$, `¢Q, sv$p¡bp, _pNÆfp,
kepÖu Aph¡gp R>¡.
`°p¡S>¡L$V$ V$pBNf
âp¡S>¡L$V$ V$pBNf_p¡ Dv«¡i hpO_p âS>__ dpV$¡
kyfrns A_¡ kyrh^pS>_L$ hpsphfZ
b_phhp_p¡ A_¡ hpO_u hksudp„ h^pfp¡
L$fhp_p¡ R>¡. V$pBNf qfTh® A¡L$ baf fZ_urs
A„sN®s fQhpdp„ Aphu füp R>¡. âp¡S>¡L$V$ V$pBNf
fpô²$ue hpO k„fnZ Ap¸p¡qfV$u Üpfp r_e„qÓs
R>¡.cpfs v$¡idp„ âp¡S>¡L$V$ V$pBNf sÐL$pgu_
hX$pâ^p_ BqÞv$fp Np„û_p _¡s©Ðhdp„ cpfs
kfL$pf Üpfp B.k.1973dp„ gyá âpe B fl¡gp
hpO_u âÅrsAp¡_¡ bQphhp dpV$¡ iê$ ep¡ lsp¡.
S>¡ A„sN®s 9 V$pBNf qfTh®u e¡gu iê$Aps
ApS>¡ 47 S>¡V$gu k„¿epdp„ B NB R>¡.
DÑfâv$¡i fpS>e_p è®V$_ õm ApNfp, dyfp, MS|>fplp¡,
hpfpZku A_¡ ^prd®L$ n¡Ó dyfp, Aep¡Âep, hpfpZku A_¡
Agplpbpv$_¡ `fõ`f sp fpS>^p_u gM_D_¡ fpS>e_p v$f¡ rS>‰p
dy¿e dL $kp¡ Å¡X$hp dpV$¡ fpS>e_u âd V$¡L$ku k¡hp "hpey rdÓ'
dpV$¡ Mp_Nu n¡Ó_u L„$`_u qfhf A¡qÞS>r_ef]N âpBh¡V$ rgrdV$¡X$ kp¡
A¡d.Ap¡.e|. `f _hu qv$ëlu Mps¡ q_h¡iL$ k„d¡g_ v$frdep_ dy¿ed„Óu
ArMg¡i epv$h¡ lõspnf L$ep® lsp.
`rfep¡S>_pdp„ lhpB A¡çåeyg„k k¡hp âv$p_ L$fhp_u Å¡NhpB
`Z R>¡. s¡dS> Ap`psL$prg_ rQqL$Ðkp dpV$¡ Ap k¡hp_p¡ Dèp¡N
L$f_pf hqf›$ _pNqfL$p¡_¡ rhi¡j kyrh^p A_¡ cpX$pdp„ fpls kqls_u
Å¡NhpB L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.
"hpeyrdÓ' `qfep¡S>_p iê$Apsdp„ Qpf l¡rgL$p¸àV$fp¡ kp¡ iê$ i¡.
S>¡_u k„¿ep ûf¡ ûf¡ h^pfhpdp„ Aphi¡. Ap ep¡S>_p `f 3`0 L$fp¡X$_p¡
MQ® i¡.
DÑfâv$¡ifpS>e_uâdlhpBV$¡L$kuk¡hp"hpeyrdÓ' aÁe|®k_ L$p¡g¡S>_p Aph¡v$_ ap¡d®dp„ ÓuÆ tgN_u î¡Zu kpd¡g
DÑfâv$¡i_p fpS>e`pg bu.A¡g.Å¡iuA¡ 17 S|>_¡ `p¡sp_p `v$
`fu fpÆ_pdy fpô²$`rs âZh dyMÆ®_¡ kp¢ù v$u^y lsy. s¡Ap¡ Sy>gpB
f009dp„ fpS>e`pg sfuL$¡ `v$pr^_ ep lsp.
bu.A¡g. Å¡iu_y„ fpÆ_pdy A¡hp kde¡ Apìey R>¡ L$¡ S>epf¡ dp¡v$u
kfL$pf Üpfp ey.ù.A¡ kfL$pf Üpfp r_dZ|„L$ e¡gp fpS>e`pg_¡
lV$phhp_u lgQg B flu lsu.
d¡ f010çpp„ A¡k.Apf.bp¡dp_u L$¡kdp„ r_Z®e Ap`sp khp£ÃQ
Av$pgs¡ S>Zpìey lsy L$¡, fpS>e`pg L$¡ÞÖ kfL$pf_p L$d®Qpfu _u
lp¡sp A¡V$g¡ kfL$pf bv$ghp kp¡ s¡d_¡ d_dp_u fus¡ bv$gu iL$psp
_u. Þepepge_p S>Zpìep A_ykpf L$v$pQpf L$¡ AÞe
Ar_erdssp_p Apfp¡`p¡_p Ap^pf¡ s¡d_¡ bv$ghp Å¡BA¡.
DÑfâv$¡i_p fpS>e`pg
bu.A¡g.Å¡iu_y„ fpÆ_pdy
iy„ lsp¡ khp£ÃQ Av$pgs_p¡ r_Z®e ?
"fZ_y„ S>lpS>' sfuL$¡ Ap¡mMpsy sp ìy sfuL$¡
fpS>õp_dp„ Ak„¿e gp¡L$p¡_¡ ApÆrhL$p âv$p_ L$fsp V$_¡
buL$p_¡f Mps¡ ep¡Åe¡gu L$¡rb_¡V$ b¡W$L$dp„ kfL$pf Ap`_p Üpf¡
Arcep_ v$fçep_ 30 S|_¡ fpS>e ìy sfuL$¡ Op¡rjs L$fhpdp„
Apìey lsy.
R>¡ëgp L$¡V$gpL$ hjp£u Ap Dèp¡Nu ìy_¡ s¡_p dpk_p
Dèp¡N, `X$p¡iu fpS>edp„ õmp„sf sp bguv$p_ QX$phhp
dpV$¡ Dèp¡Ndp„ g¡hp_¡ L$pfZ¡ s¡_u k„¿ep TX$ù OV$u flu R>¡,
S>¡ ârs `p„Q hj® f` % _p¡ OV$pX$p¡ v$ip®h¡ R>¡. hj® 1997dp„
66,8,800 S>¡V$gp _p¢^pe¡gp JV$ hj® f003dp„ OV$u_¡
4,98,000 S>¡V$gp B Nep lsp. s¡dS> hj® 2003-08
v$fqdep_ S>¡kgd¡f rS>ëgpdp
à
à NyS>fps_p L$ÃR>dp„ fpÄe_y„ A¡L$dpÓ
à
à
à
K
KV$_u hksudp„ h^pfp¡ ep¡ R>¡.
hs®dp_ kde¡ v$¡idp„ KV$_u S>¡kgd¡fu, rbL$p_¡fu, L$ÃR>u
A_¡ dpfhpX$u A¡d `p„Q Års dpÞesp âpá R>¡.
KV$ k„h^®_ L$¡ÞÖ ^p¡fu
Npd Mps¡ Aph¡gy R>¡. Alu L$ÃR>u Ap¡gpv$_p KV$_u
ÅmhZu pe R>¡. Ap KV$ bu.A¡k.A¡a. A_¡ NyS>fps_u
`p¡rgk Mfuv$¡ R>¡.
NyS>fps_p ìy`pg_ rhcpN¡ KV$X$u_p vy$^_y„ h¡QpZ
L$fhp_u ep¡S>_p b_phu R>¡ S>¡ dpV$¡ fpÄe kfL$pf Üpfp 80
gpM_u d„S|>fu âv$p_ L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.
KV$X$u_y„ vy$^ ågX$ L$¡Þkfdp„ AL$kuf R>¡ S>¡_¡ L$¡Þkf qfkQ®
BqÞõV$V$¹e|V$¡ `Z âdpZus L$ey® R>¡. s¡dS> S>mp¡v$f S>¡hp
fp¡Ndp„ Apeyh£v$ r_óZp„sp¡ s¡_y„ k¡h_ L$fhp_y„ S>Zphsp
lp¡e R>¡.
L$ÃR>_u MfpB Års_p KV$ fZdp„ Qpgu iL$hp kp¡
`pZudp„ sfu `Z iL$¡ R>¡. v$qfepdp„ s¡ ÓZ qL$gp¡duV$f kyû
sfu iL$hp_u ndsp ^fph¡ R>¡. s¡dS> ÓZ lÅf V$u.X$u.A¡k.
S>¡V$gy Mpê$ `pZu `Z ù iL$¡ R>¡. X$eyAg BL$p¡ rkõV$ddp„
Æhu iL$sp Ap âpZu_u fp¡N ârsL$pfL$ iqL$s DÑd
L$np_u R>¡.
fpS>õp_ kfL$pf
Üpfp V$_¡
fpS>eìy Op¡rjs
L$fhpdp„ Apìey„
K
KV$ $rhj¡ ÅZhp S>¡hy
dÂeâv$¡idp„ dqlgpAp¡_u klpesp
dpV$¡ "Np¥fhu' L$¡ÞÖ_u iê$Aps
drlgp_p kçdp_ A_¡ k„fnZ l¡sykf v$¡i_y„ âd A¡L$uL©$s k„L$V$ kdp^p_ L$¡ÞÖ (h_ õV$p¡`
¾$pBrkk qfk¡ëe|i_ k¡ÞV$f) "Np¥fhu'_u iê$Aps dÂeâv$¡i_p cp¡`pg Mps¡ 16 S|>__p fp¡S>
B lsu. S>¡_„y Dv$¹OpV$_ raëd Arc_¡sp ApdufMp_¡ L$ey® lsy. S>¡ dÂeâv$¡i kfL$pf A_¡
A¡L$i_ A¡X$ (A¡_.Æ.Ap¡.)_u k„eyL$s L$pe® ep¡S>_p R>¡.
"Np¥fhu L$¡ÞÖ ep¡S>_p'
ØdÂeâv$¡i kfL$pf Üpfp dqlgpAp¡_p kÞdp_ A_¡ k„fnZ_p l¡sykf "Np¥fhu' L$¡ÞÖ_p¡ âpf„c
ep¡ R>¡. S>¡_u õp`_p fpS>e_p âÐe¡L$ rS>ëgpdp„ i¡. Ap L$¡ÞÖp¡ drlgpAp¡_p kçdp_ A_¡
s¡d_p Ar^L$pfp¡_p k„fnZ bpbs¡ L$pe® L$fi¡.
Ø"Np¥fhu' L$¡ÞÖdp„ dy¿eê$`¡ tlkp A_¡ bmpÐL$pf_u qiL$pf drlgpAp¡_u dv$v$ L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡.
S>¡dp„ Ap`rÑ lõsn¡` k¡hp, A¡a.ApB.Apf. _p¢^phhpdp„ klep¡N, Ðhfus `fpdi®, S>ê$fu
kyfnp, ipkqL$e ep¡S>_pAp¡_p¡ gpc A`phhp¡, L$p_|_u r_óZp„sp¡ `pk¡u kgpl, Æh_
Æhhp klpesp A_¡ `y_hp®k S>¡hu bpbsp¡ kpd¡g R>¡.
DÑfpM„X$rh^p_kcpkÓN¥fk¥ZMps¡Apep¡rS>sey
B.k.f000dp„ DÑfpM„X$_u
fQ_p bpv$ âdhpf fpS>^p_u
v$l¡fpv|$__u blpf rh^p_kcp kÓ
9 S|>_ u 11 S>|_ kyû Qdp¡gu_p
N¡fk¥Z Mps¡ Apep¡rS>s ey lsy.
DÑfpM„X$_u fQ_p bpv$
Al]_p gp¡L$p¡_u dp„N lsu L$>¡,
N¥fk¡Z_¡ fpS>e_u fpS>^p_u
b_phhpdp„ Aph¡ S>¡u hj®
f013dp„ `|h® dy¿ed„Óu rhS>e
blyNyZpA¡ Alu„ buSy> kcp ch_
õpr`s L$ey® lsy. hs®dp_
dy¿ed„Óu lfui fphs¡ gp¡L$p¡_u cph_pAp¡_¡ kçdp_ A`®hp Al] rh^p_kcp kÓ ep¡S>ey lsy.

v$¡i_u buÅ _„bf_u kp¥u
dp¡V$u dp¡bpBg L„$`_u
dpB¾$p¡d¡L$k$ cpfsu A¡fV$¡g_p
`|h® ku.B.Ap¡. k„S>e L$`|f_¡
dpB¾$p¡kp¡aV$_p AÂen `v$¡ `
S|>__p fp¡S> r_e|L$s L$ep® R>¡.
dëV$u_¡i_g dpq„lsu V$¡¼¹_p¡gp¸Æ A_¡ kp¡aV$h¡f k¡hp L„$`_u Hap¡rkk_p _hp dy¿e Ar^L$pfu
(ku.B.Ap¡.) kl dy¿e âb„^ r_v$£iL$ (A¡d.X$u.) sfuL$¡ 11 S|>__p fp¡S> rhipg rkL$L$p_u Op¡jZp B
R>¡. s¡Ap¡ hs®dp_ ku.B.Ap¡. A¡k.X$u. qib|gpg_„y õp_ 1 Ap¡Nô$ f014_p fp¡S> g¡i¡.
A¡râg f014 hp¡gÞV$fu fuV$ped£ÞV$ g¡_pf hpBk A¡X$rdfg i¡Mftklp_p õp_ `f
hpBk A¡X$rdfg Ar_g Qp¡`X$p_u r_dZ|„L$ `qòdu _p¥k¥r_L$ L$dp„X$_p "L$dp„X$f B_ Qua'
sfuL$¡ 6 S|>__p fp¡S> B R>¡. Ap r_dZ|„L$ `l¡gp s¡Ap¡ `|h} _p¥k¥r_L$ L$dp„X$_p L$dp„X$f B_
Qua_p `v$ `f hj® f011 u L$pe®fs lsp.
B.k.197`dp„ cpfsue _p¥ k¡_pdp„ L$rdi_ âpá L$f_pf hpBk A¡X$rdfg Ar_g
Qp¡`X$p hj® f008 u hj® f011 kyû cpfsue L$p¡õV$ NpX®$_p dlpr_v$£iL$ flu QyL$ep R>¡.
cpfsdp„ Ad¡qfL$p_p A„sqfd fpS>v|$s sfuL$¡ L$¥gu_ õV$ua„k¡ 6 S|>__p
fp¡S> L$pe®cpf k„cpýep¡ lsp¡. s¡dZ¡ `|h® Ad¡qfL$u fpS>v|$s _¦ku `p¸h¡g_y
õp_ gu^y R>¡. _¥„ku `p¸h¡g¡ dpQ® f014dp„ `p¡sp_p L$pe®L$pm_p A„s_u
Ål¡fps L$fu_¡ ff d¡ f014Þpp fp¡S> cpfs R>p¡X$ey lsy.
v$rnZ A_¡ dÂe A¡qiep_p klpeL$ krQh r_ip rbõhpg_p cpfs
ApNd__p ê$`¡ cpfs A_¡ Ad¡qfL$p_p `l¡gp Ap¥`QpqfL$ k„`L®$ bpv$
syf„s L$¥gu_ õV$ua„k¡ `v$cpf k„cpýep¡ lsp¡. s¡Ap¡ Ap `v$ `f Ðep„ kyû
fl¡i¡ S>ep„ kyû Ad¡qfL$u ku_¡V$ Üpfp _hp õpB fpS>v|$s _prds L$fhpdp„
_ Aph¡.
A¡Q.ù. ìlg®`yg, _p¡qL$ep, L$p¸auQ¡B_ bqfõsp S>¡hu L„$`_uAp¡dp„
L$pe® L$fu QyL$_pf A_¡ hs®dp_dp„ A¡L$ õhs„Ó kgplL$pfê$`¡ L$pe®fs,
V$¡¼¹_p¡gp¸Æ DÛp¡N_p¡ 30 hj®_p¡ A_|ch ^fphsp ky_ug v$Ñ_u 10
S|>__p fp¡S> qfgpe„k rS>ep¡ BÞap¡L$p¸d_p AÂen sfuL$¡ r_dZ|„L$ B R>¡.
qfgpeÞk Hap¡L$p¡d_p
AÂen `v$¡ ky_ug v$Ñ
qfgpe„k BÞX$õV²$uT_u `|Z® dprgL$u_u A_¡ dyL$¡i A„bpZu Üpfp
r_e„Óus qfgp„ek ÆAp¡ Bap¢L$p¡d L„$`_u rinZ, Apfp¡Áe, kyfnp, _pZp„
k¡hp A_¡ Sy>v$u Sy>v$u qXqTV$g k¡hpAp¡ âv$p_ L$fhp dpV$¡ 4-Æ hpefg¡k
k¡hp A_¡ ArMg cpfsue v|$fk„Qpf _¡V$hL®$ õpr`s L$fu flu R>¡.
qfgp„ek ÆAp¡ B„ap¡L$p¸d :
Hap¡rkk_p ku.B.Ap¡. sfuL$¡ rhipg rkL$L$p
HV$f`p¡g_p dlpkrQh `v$¡ Sy>e£N_ õV$pL$
HV$f`p¡g rhjeL$ : (International Criminal Police Organization)
B.k.19f3dp„ õ`pe¡gu A_¡ äp„k_p
guep¡ il¡fdp„ dy¿edL$ ^fphsu
Ap„sffpô²$ue A`fpr^L$ `p¡qgk k„õp
BÞV$f`p¡g_p hs®dp_ kv$õe v$¡ip¡_u k„¿ep
190 S>¡V$gu R>¡.
HV$f`p¡g `p¡sp_p kv$õe v$¡ip¡_u `p¡rgk
kp¡ klep¡N L$fu_¡ Ap„sffpô²$ue A`fp^_¡
AV$L$phhp A_¡ A`fpû_¡ `L$X$hp dpV$¡
dv$v$ L$f¡ R>¡.
S|>e£N_ õV$pL$_u r_dZ|„L$ :
HV$f`p¡g_u L$pe®L$pfu krdrs L$¡ S>¡dp Ad¡qfL$p, L$¡_¡X$p,
rQgu, BV$gu, _¡^fg¡ÞX$, ra_g¡ÞX$, Å`p_, L$p¡qfep,
_pBÆfuep, AëÆfuep, fhp„X$p A_¡ L$sf S>¡hp v$¡i kpd¡g lsp
s¡Z¡ HV$f`p¡g_p dlpkrQh_p `v$ dpV$¡ 17 S|>_¡ S>d®_u_p
S|>e£N_ õV$pL$_u `k„v$Nu L$fu R>¡. s¡Ap¡ hj® f01`dp„ fp¡_pëX$ L$¡
_p¡b¡g (Ad¡qfL$p)_p `v$ R>p¡X$ep bpv$ L$pe®cpf k„cpmi¡.
D‰¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, cpfs sfau kubuApB_p X$pef¡L$V$f
f„Æstklp Ap `v$ dpV$¡_p Dd¡v$hpf lsp.
^L$ ^L$ Ng® dp^yfu v$urns "ddsp
Arcep_'_p b°p„X$ A¡çb¡k¡X$f bÞep
f6 S|>_ f014u e|r_k¡a_p
cp¡`pg A¡L$d_p klep¡Nu
Apep¡rS>s A¡L$ kdpfp¡l kp¡
dÂeâv$¡i fpS>e kfL$pf¡ raëd
Arc_¡Óu dp^yfu v$urns_¡ dps© A¡h„
riiy Apfp¡Áe Arcep_ "ddsp
Arcep_' _p b°p„X$ A¡çb¡k¡X$f `v$¡
r_e|L$s L$ep® R>¡. Ap rkhpe
ApdufMp_¡ 16 S|>__p fp¡S> S>¡.ù.
lp¡qõ`V$g_p drlgp k¡hp L$¡ÞÖ_p
A¡L$ AgN L$¡ÞÖ_y„ Dv$¹OpV$_ L$ey® lsy.
B.k.f013dp„
Apfp¡Áe rhcpN¡
fpS>edp„ dps© A_¡
riiy d©Ðey v$f _uQ¡
gphhp A_¡ dps©
A _ ¡ r i i y _ p
Apfp¡Áedp„ bl¡sf
âL$pf_p¡ ky^pfp¡
gphhp "ddsp
Arcep_' _p¡
âpf„c L$ep¡® lsp¡.
"ddspArcep_'
cpfsdp„ Ad¡qfL$p_p A„sqfd
fpS>v|$s sfuL$¡ L$¥gu_ õV$ua„k
rhcpÆs Ap„^°âv$¡i_p âd
rh^p_kcp AÂen`v$¡ L$p¡X$¡gp
rihâkpv$ fph
Ap„^°âv$¡idp„u s¡g„NZp rhcpÆs ep bpv$_p
Ap„^°âv$¡i fpS>e_u rh^p_kcp_p AÂen `v$¡ s¡gyNy v$¡id
`pV$}_p _¡sp A_¡ N„Vy$f rS>ëgp_u rh^p_kcp b¡W$L$ `fu
R>Ì$uhpf Q|„V$pe¡gp sp A¡_.V$u.fpdpfph krls ANpD
Q„Öpbpby _peXy$_u kfL$pfdp„ N©l, tkQpB, `„Qpes, N°pduZ
rhL$pk, Apfp¡Áe S>¡hp d„Ópgep¡dp„ d„Óu `v$¡ flu QyL$¡gp L$p¡X$¡gp
rihâkpv$ fph_u r_dZ|„L$_u Op¡jZp19 S|>__p fp¡S> âp¡V$¡d
õùL$f ù._pfpeZ õhpdu _peXy Üpfp B lsu.
dpB¾$p¡d¡L$k_p
AÂen `v$¡
k„S>e L$`|f
_¡i_g qX$TpõV$f d¡_¡S>d¡ÞV$ Ap¸p¡qfV$u_p
D`pÂen A¡d.iri^f f¡Í$u_y„ fpÆ_pdy
_¡i_g qX$TpõV$f d¡_¡S>d¡ÞV$ Ap¸p¡qfV$u_p D`pÂen A¡d.iqi^f f¡Í$uA¡ 17
S|>__p fp¡S> hX$pâ^p_ A_¡ _¡i_g qX$TpõV$f d¡_¡S>d¡ÞV$ Ap¸p¡qfV$u_p AÂen _f¡ÞÖ
dp¡v$u_¡ `p¡sp_y„ fpÆ_pdy kyâs L$ey® lsy. s¡Ap¡ B.k.f00`dp„ A¡_.X$u.A¡d.A¡. dp„
kv$õe sfuL$¡ A_¡ qX$k¡çbf f010dp„ hpBk Q¡fd¡_ sfuL$¡ r_e|Ls ep lsp. s¡d_u
kp¡ AÞe `p„Q kv$õe L$¡.A¡d.tkl, L$¡.A¡_.îu hpõsh, S>¡.L$¡.b„kg, hu.cË$pQpe®,
L$¡.kgud AguA¡ `Z fpÆ_pdp Apàep lsp. s¡Ap¡ ey.ù.A¡. kfL$pf kde¡ r_dZ|„L$
`pçep lsp. S>epf¡ S>¡.L$¡. tklp, dyTaf Al¡dv$, lj® L$¡. NyápA¡ fpÆ_pdp Apàep _u.
NyS>fpsdp„ Aph¡gp rh_piL$ c|L„$` bpv$ cpfs kfL$pf¡ Ap`rÑ `°b„^__¡ A¡L$ fpô²$ue
âprdL$sp ê$`¡ dlÐh Ap`hp A¡L$ DÃQ õsfue A_¡ A¡L$ fpô²$ue krdrs_u fQ_p L$fu lsu.
A¡ rkhpe Ap`rÑ âb„^_ `f A¡L$ rhõs©s AÂepe ep¡S>_p v$õsph¡S>_p ê$`¡ âdhpf v$kdu
`„Qhj}e ep¡S>_pdp„ D`gå^ lsu.
cpfs kfL$pf¡ f3 qX$k¡çbf f00`_p fp¡S> Ap`rÑ âb„^_ Ar^r_ed A„sN®s _¡i_g
qX$TpõV$f d¡_¡S>d¡ÞV$ Ap¸p¡qfV$u_p r_dp®Z_u `qfL$ë`_p kpL$pf L$fu lsu. Ap Ap¸p¡qfV$u_p
AÂen hX$pâ^p_ lp¡e R>¡. s¡dS> ApW$ S>¡V$gp kv$õe lp¡e R>¡. S>¡ `¥L$u D`pÂen_¡ L$¡rb_¡V$ d„Óu
S>¡hp¡ v$fˆ$p¡ âpá pe R>¡. S>epf¡ bpL$u_p kv$õep¡_¡ fpS>ed„Óu S>¡hp¡ v$fS>Å¡ dm¡gp¡ lp¡e R>¡.
fpS>ep¡dp„ fpS>e Ap`rÑ r_hpfZ Ap¸p¡qfV$u_p AÂen dy¿ed„Óu lp¡e R>¡.
A¡_.X$u.A¡d.A¡. rhjeL$ :
`[òdu _p¥k¥r_L$ L$dp„X$_p "L$dp„X$f B_
Qua' hpBk A¡X$rdfg Ar_g Qp¡`X$p
s¡g„NZp fpô²$ krdrs_p îu L$p¢X$p d^ykyv$_ Qpfu 10 S|>__p fp¡S> s¡g„NZp rh^p_kcp_p âd
õùL$f r_e|L$s ep R>¡. s¡Ap¡ hpf„Ng rS>ëgp_p cy`g`ëgu b¡W$L$ `fu rh^p_kcpdp„ Qy„V$pep R>¡.
s¡g„NZp rh^p_kcp_p âd õùL$f
îuL$p¢X$p d^ykyv$_ Qpfu
îu L$p¢X$p d^ykyv$_ Qpfu
îu L$p¢X$p d^yk|v$_ Qpfu_p¡ S>Þd hpf„Ng_p `fL$g d„X$g_p _pfkpL$p`ëgu Npd Mps¡ ep¡ lsp¡. s¡dZ¡
L$L$pqV$ep e|r_hrk®V$udp„u A„N°¡Æ kprlÐedp„ õ_psL$p¡Ñf_p¡ Aæepk L$ep£ R>¡.
B.k.1994dp„ s¡gyNy v$¡id `pV$}_u qV$qL$V$ `f k„eyL$s Ap„^°âv$¡i_p íepdp`¡V$ rh^p_kcp b¡W$L$ `fu
âdhpf rh^p_kcp kæe sfuL$¡ Q|„V$pep lsp. s¡Ap¡ s¡g„NZp fpô²$ krdrs_p k„õp`L$ kv$õep¡ `¥L$u_p A¡L$
R>¡. Ap¸L$V$p¡bf f001dp„ s¡Ap¡ `n_p dlpkrQh bÞep lsp. `pV$}_p âhL$sp sfuL$¡ `Z s¡dZ¡ L$pe® L$e®y R>¡.
ApB.ù.A¡g. kË$pbpÆ_u QQp®õ`v$ bpbsdp„ khp¡®ÃQ Av$pgs
Üpfp bu.ku.ku.ApB._p AÂen `v$¡u kõ`¡ÞX$ L$fpe¡gp
A¡_.îur_hpk__u f6 S|>_¡ Ap„sffpô²$ue q¾$L$¡V$ `qfjv$_p Q¡fd¡_ sfuL$¡
q_dZ|„L$ L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.
kpdqfL$ v$m_p L$dp„X$f B_ Qua
sfuL$¡ g¡aV$_„V$ S>_fg Ards idp®
4 ÅÞeyApfu f003_p fp¡S> AV$g rblpfu
bpS>`pB_u kfL$pf Üpfp fQpe¡gp kpdqfL$ v$m_y„ L$pe®
v$¡i_p kpdqfL$ A_¡ fZ_ursL$ _pqcqL$e lrepf
c„X$pf_p âb„^_/âipk__y„ R>¡.
g¡aV$_„V$ S>_fg Ards idp® 13 S|>_ f014_p fp¡S>
kpdqfL$ v$m_p L$dp„X$f B_ Qua sfuL$¡ q_dZ|„L$ `pçep R>¡.
s¡dZ¡ hpBk A¡X$rdfg A¡k.ù.A¡k. Qudp_y„ õp_
qg^y R>¡.
A¡_.îuq_hpk_Ap„sffpô²$ueq¾$L$¡V$`qfjv$_pQ¡fd¡_`v$¡r_e|L$s
L$¡qÞÖefpS>õhkrQh`v$¡iqL$sL$p„sv$pkB.k.1980_u b¢Q_p srdg_pX$y L$¡X$f_p
ApB.A¡.A¡k. Ar^L$pfu iqL$sL$p„s v$pk_u r_dZ|„L$
B R>¡. 16 S|>_¡ L$¡qÞÖe fpS>eõh krQh `v$¡ B R>¡.
s¡dZ¡ fpÆh V$L$ê$ (ApB.A¡.A¡k.1979 NyS>fps
L$¡X$f)_y„ õp_ qg^y R>¡.
6

c|V$p_
hX$pâ^p_ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u_u âd rhv$¡i epÓp_p¡ v$¡i
c|V$p_ rldpgedp„ Aph¡gy A¡L$ `lpX$u
fpô²$ R>¡. S>¡_u DÑf¡ Qu_ A_¡ v$rnZ¡
cpfs v$¡i Aph¡gp¡ R>¡. Alu r_f„Ly$i
fpS>s„Ó âhs£ R>¡. cpfs A_¡ c|V$p__p
Ap`ku k„b„^p¡ kp¥lpv®$`|Z® A_¡ d¥Óu`|Z®
füp R>¡. b„_¡ v$¡ip¡dp„ `fõ`f DÃQ õsfue
fpS>_ursL epÓpAp¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ d¥Óu`|Z®
cph_p_¡ bm âv$p_ ey R>¡. A¡râg
2010dp„ sÐL$pgu_ hX$pâ^p_ X$p¸.
d_dp¡l_tkO¡ 16dp„ kpL®$ k„d¡g_dp„
cpN g¡hp dpV$¡ c|V$p_ epÓpA¡ Nep lsp. sfs S> buÅ dpk¡ cpfsue gp¡L$kcp AÝen A_¡
k„kv$ue âqsr_r^ d„X$mrA_¡ rh`n_p _¡sp kp¡ c|V$p__u epÓp L$fu lsu. A¡ `l¡gp hj®
2009dp„ c|V$p_ _f¡i A_¡ hX$pâ^p_ cpfs_u dygpL$ps¡ Aphu QyL$ep lsp.
cpfs v$¡iu rhð dprlsNpf b_¡ A_¡ Sy>v$p Sy>v$p fpô²$p¡ kp¡ rdÓsp_p k„b„^p¡ õpr`s pe s¡
dpV$¡ cpfs v$¡i¡ âd NZs„Ó qv$hku S> rhv$¡i_p ipkL$ ArsrAp¡_¡ Apd„qÓs L$fhp_u `f„`fp
iê$ L$fu lsu. hj® 2013dp„ 64dp„ NZs„Ó qv$hk_u DS>hZu âk„N¡ cpfs¡ c|V$p_ _f¡i rS>Ád¡
M¡kf _pdÁepg hp„NQyL$ A_¡ s¡d_p 21 hj}e `rÐ_ `¡dp S>¡õV$f_¡ (S>¡Ap¡A¡ `.b„Npm A_¡
rldpQg âv$¡i Mps¡ rinZ `°pá L$e®y R>¡.)$ Apd„qÓs L$fu_¡ fpóV²$`rs ch_dp„ k¡fdp¡r_eg
qfk¡ài_ A_¡ bpv$dp„ fpS>OpV$ `f `|. bp`y_u kdpû_u dygpL$ps A_¡ NpX®$ Ap¸a Ap¸_f" ' d¡mhhp
kp¡ A¡L$ kápl kyû cpfs_u dl¡dp_Nrs dpZu lsu.
hX$pâ^p_ `v$¡ Apê$$Y ep bpv$ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$uA¡ âdhpf Å¡ L$p¡B v$¡i_u dygpL$ps guû
lp¡e sp¡ s¡ c|V$p_ R>¡. s¡d_u kp¡ âhpkdp„ qhv$¡id„Óu kyjdp õhfpS>, fpô²$ue kyfnp
kgplL$pf AÆs X$p¡cpg A_¡ rhv$¡i krQh kyÅsptkl krls AÞe Aq^L$pfuNZ Å¡X$pep
lsp.
_f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$uA¡ 16 S|>_¡ Áepgep¢N Ðkp¡NM„N Mps¡ k„kv$_u k„eyL$s b¡W$L$_¡ k„bp¡r^s L$fu
lsu A_¡ `pR>gu cpfs kfL$pf¡ L$f¡gu v$f¡L$ kdS|>rsAp¡ `|Z® L$fhp k„L$ë` ìeL$s L$ep£ lsp¡.
s¡dS> b„_¡ v$¡ip¡_p Ap`ku k„b„^p¡ dS>b|s A_¡ kpfu fus¡ Åmhu fpMhp_u ârsbÝ^sp
ìeL$s L$fu_¡ S>Zpìey lsy L$¡, cpfs âNrs L$fi¡ sp¡ s¡_u kpfu Akf
c|V$p_ `f `Z `X$i¡.
dy¿e bpbsp¡ :
-b„_¡ v$¡ip¡ rhê$Ý^ Aps„L$ a¡gph_pf_¡ `p¡sp_u c|rd_p¡ Dèp¡N L$fhp
_lu v$¡hp bpbs¡ kldrs kp^hpdp„ Aphu. Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, cpfs-
c|V$p_ kudp 605 qL$gp¡duV$f A_¡ Qu_-c|V$p_ kudp 470 qL$gp¡
duV$f S>¡V$gu R>¡. cpfsdp„ Äepf¡ Dëap DN°hpv$ âQ„X$ lsp¡, Ðepf¡ s¡_u
rhê$Ý^_u L$pe®hplu_¡ L$pfZ¡ s¡Ap¡ c|V$p_ sfa cpNsp c|V$p_ Üpfp
`pX$p¡iu ^d® r_cphu_¡ DN°hpv$uAp¡_¡ cpfs_¡ lhpg¡ L$ep® lsp.
cpfs_p rldpge n¡Ó kp¡ Å¡X$pe¡gp v$f¡L$ `|hp£Ñf fpÄep¡ A_¡ c|V$p_
hÃQ¡ hpqj®L$ M¡g ârsep¡rNsp Apep¡rS>s L$fu_¡ k„b„^p¡ Np$Y b_phhp
dpV$¡ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u Üpfp kyQ_ ey.
-c|V$p_dp„ DÃQÑd Þepepge ch__y„ Dv$¹OpV$_ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$uA¡ L$ey®.
s¡_p r_dp®Zdp„ cpfs kfL$pf sfau 793.54 rdrge_ ê$rèp_u klpesp L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gu
R>¡.
-600 d¡Nphp¡V$_u Mp¡gp¢NQy S>m rhÛys `qfep¡S>_p_u Ap^pfrigp fpMhpdp„ Aphu. `|h}
c|V$p__p Ó¡riep„NÐk¡ Mps¡_u Ap `qfep¡S>_p cpfs A_¡ c|V$p__p kph®S>r_L$ n¡Ó_p D`¾$d
_f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$uA¡ guû c|V$p__u dygpL$ps :
A¡k.S>¡.hu.A¡_. A¡k. A_¡ X²$L$ N°u_ `phf L$p¡`p£f¡i_ hÃQ¡_y„ A¡L$ k„eyL$s DÛed R>¡. S>¡_y„ r_dp®Z
hj® 2014_p DÑfp^®dp„ iê$ i¡.
-c|V$p_dp„ rinZ, dpqlsu A_¡ V$¡¼¹_p¡gp¸Æ n¡Ó¡ rhi¡j ê$`¡ r_dp®Z âÐe¡ cpfs¡ `°rsbÝ^sp ìeL$s
L$fhp kp¡ rldpge n¡Ó_p Æh_ A_¡ S>mhpey `qfhs®__p AÝee_ dpV$¡ A¡L$ rldpge AÝee_
n¡Ó õpr`s L$fhp_p¡ S>¡ r_Z®e L$f¡gp¡ R>¡, s¡_p¡ gpc c|V$p__¡ `Z dmi¡.
-c|V$p__u 11du `„Q hj}e ep¡S>_p dpV$¡ hj® 2013u gB_¡ hj® 2018 kyûdp„ cpfs sfau
Ly$g 4,500 L$fp¡X$_y„ `¡L$¡S> iê$ fl¡i¡.
-cpfs, c|V$p__¡ `p„Q MpÛ hõsyAp¡_u r_L$pk `f L$p¡B`Z
âL$pf_p¡ ârsb„^ L$¡ kudp _lu gNph¡. Ap hõsy R>¡-v|$^ `phX$f, OJ,
MpÛ s¡g, v$pm A_¡ Qp¡Mp.
-c|V$p__u iplu kfL$pf A_¡ gp¡L$p¡ sfau ëep¢R>¡_ Ði¡qf„N sp¡bN¡A¡
B.k. 1961u âd `„Qhj}e ep¡S>_p_p kdeu Dv$pf rhL$pk
klpesp bv$g cpfs_u kfL$pf A_¡ gp¡L$p¡_u âi„kp L$fu lsu. s¡dS>
11du `„Qhj}e ep¡S>_p_p kam L$pep®Þhl_ dpV$¡ cpfs¡ `Z
ârsbÝ^sp ìeL$s L$fu lsu.
-c|V$p_dp„ rinZ_p rhõspf A_¡ ndsp rhL$pk_¡ Ýep_¡ gB_¡
_f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$uA¡ cpfsdp„ rinZ N°lZ L$fu fl¡gp c|V$p_u rhÛp}Ap¡
dpV$¡ _l¡ê$-hp„NQyL$ rióeh©rÑ_u fL$d X$bg Ap®s¹ âqs hj® 20
rdrge_ ê$rèp L$fhp_u sp c|V$p__p v$f¡L$ 20 rÄëgpdp„ B-
gpBb°¡fu õpr`s L$fhp Apr®L$ klep¡N Ap`hp_u Op¡jZp L$fu lsu.
-cpfs¡ B.k. 1984dp„ c|V$p_dp„ k„eyL$s S>m DÅ® `qfep¡S>_p_u iê$Aps L$fu lsu. S>¡ hs®dp_dp„
ApNpdu 6 hj® bpv$ 10,000 d¡Nphp¡V$ rhS>mu DÐ`pv$_ ndsp kyû `lp¢QpX$hp gÿe r_^p®qfs
ey R>¡. c|V$p_dp„ _hu S>mrhÛys ep¡S>_pAp¡ `f L$pe® Qpgu füy R>¡. S>¡ kp¥lpv®$`|Z® hpsphfZdp„
âNrs_p `„¡ R>¡.
ANf L$p¡B v$¡i_p ipkL$ A¡hy S>Zph¡ L$¡, "Adpfp dpV$¡ S>¡V$gu dlÐh`|Z®
bpbs gp¡L$p¡_u Myilpgu R>¡, s¡V$gu dlÐh`|Z® v$¡i_u Æ.X$u.ù. _u'
Aphu bpbs kp„cmhu A¡ p¡Xy$ ATub gpN¡ A_¡ s¡ `Z Ðepf¡ L$¡, S>epf¡
Ap hps A¡L$ r_f„Ly$i ipkL$ L$l¡sp lp¡e. A¡u `Z ATub bpbs A¡ gpN¡
R>¡ L$¡, v$¡i_u S>_sp A¡hy dp_su lp¡e L$¡, v$¡idp„ gp¡L$s„Ó_u õp`_pu
fpS>_ursL$ A[õfsp a¡gpB iL$¡ R>¡, A_¡ kÑpu vy$f fl¡gp gp¡L$p¡_¡ kÑp_p¡ õhpv$ QpMhp
dmi¡ sp¡ s¡Ap¡ kÑp_u kpW$dpfudp„ fs B S>i¡. Aphp rhQpfp¡ ^fphsu âÅ A_¡ r_f„Ly$i
`Z gp¡L$râe ipkL$ ^fphsp¡ v$¡i R>¡, Ap`Zp¡ hapv$pf `pX$p¡iu c|V$p_.
-k„õL©$s A® : c|+DÐp_ = JQu c|rd
-AÞe dpÞesp : cp¡N+A„s = rsåbs_p¡ A„s
-õpr_e _pd : ÖyL$ Ap®s¹ = ATv$lp_p¡ v$¡i
c|V$p_ _pd_p¡ A®:
Brslpk
kÑfdu kv$u_p A„s¡ c|V$p_¡ bp¥^ ^d® (dlpep_ ipMp) A`_pìep¡. B.k.1865dp„ c|V$p_ A_¡ rb°V$_
hÃQ¡ "rk_Qyg k„r^' `f lõspnf ep, S>¡dp _L$¼u L$fhpdp„ Apìey L$¡, c|V$p__¡ kudphs} c|cpN_p
bv$gpdp„ hpqj®L$ A_yv$p_ Ap`hpdp„ Aphi¡. bpv$dp„ B.k. 1907dp„ rb°V$__p âcph_u Akf sm¡
fpÅiplu_u õp`_p B lsu. ÓZ hj® bpv$ buÆ A¡L$ kdS|>rs B L$¡, rb°V$_, c|V$p__p Ap„sqfL$
dpdg¡ v$MgNufu _lu L$f¡ `f„sy c|V$p__u rhv$¡i _urs rb°V$_ _½$u L$fi¡. bpv$dp„ B.k. 1947 bpv$ Ap
c|rd rhõspf cpfs_¡ dýep¡. S>¡_p b¡ hj® bpv$ B.k. 1949dp„ cpfs-c|V$p_ kdS|>rs A_ykpf cpfs¡
c|V$p__p¡ Ap rhõspf s¡_¡ `fs L$fu qv$^p¡. S>¡ A„N°¡Å¡_¡ Apr^_ lsp¡. Ap kdS|>rs A_ykpf cpfs_¡
c|V$p__u rhv$¡i _urs A_¡ fnp_ursdp„ M|b S> dlÐh`|Z® c|rdL$p dmu NB.
cp¡Np¡rgL$
D`N°l Üpfp g¡hpe¡gu sõhufp¡dp„ c|V$p_dp„ DÑf¡ Aph¡gp rldpge_p riMfp¡ A_¡ v$rnZ¡
b°û`yÓp_y„ d¡v$p_ _Tf Aph¡ R>¡. c|V$p_ Qpf¡ sfa c|rdu O¡fpe¡gy `h®sue fpô²$ R>¡. DÑf¡
`h®sp¡_u V$p¡Q L$ep„L$ L$ep„L$ sp¡ 7000 duV$f L$fsp `Z h^y JQpB ^fph¡ R>¡. kp¥u JQy riMf
Ly$gp L$p„Nfu 7553 duV$f S>¡V$gy R>¡. s¡dS> Np„NMf `yA¡_ kyd_u JQpB 6896 duV$f S>¡V$gu R>¡.
S>¡_p `f lÆ kyû dp_hu_p L$v$d `lp¢Ãep _u.
c|V$p__p¡ v$rnZu rlõkp¡ Ap¡R>u JQpB ^fph¡ R>¡. Alu L$¡V$guL$ D`ÅD OpV$uAp¡ Aph¡gu R>¡
S>¡, b°û`yÓp_u OpV$uAp¡ kp¡ dmsu R>¡. v$¡i_p¡ Apif¡ 70 % cpN gugpR>çd h_u
ApÃR>pqv$s R>¡. v$¡i_u dp¡V$pcpN_u hksu dÝehs} rhõspfp¡dp„ sp NpdX$pAp¡dp„ hkhpV$
^fph¡ R>¡. Å¡ L$¡, il¡fuL$fZ_u Akf lh¡ S>ZpB flu R>¡. kp¥u dp¡Vy$ il¡f A_¡ fpS>^p_u tç`|_u
hksu `0,000 S>¡V$gu R>¡. S>¡ `qòdu cpNdp„ Aph¡gy R>¡.
A®ìehõp :
rhð_u kp¥u _p_u A® ìehõpAp¡ `¥L$u_y„ A¡L$ d_psy c|V$p__y„ Apr®L$ dpmMy L©$rj, h_ A_¡ S>m
DÅ®_p¡ cpfs_¡ rh¾$e `f r_c®f R>¡. Ap ÓZ¡ hõsyAp¡ B_¡ c|V$p__u kfL$pfu AphL$_p 75 % S>¡V$gp¡
rlõkp¡ `yfp¡ `pX$¡ R>¡. s¡dS> _p_p Ly$qV$f DÛp¡Np¡ sp rhL$pk `qfep¡S>_pAp¡ sp dp¡V$p cpN_p¡ Apr®L$
klep¡N cpfs `f Ap^pqfs R>¡. c|V$p_ S>mDÅ® A_¡ è®V$_ n¡Ó¡ M|b S> DS>my crhóe ^fph¡ R>¡.
k¡_p :
c|V$p__u k¡_p fp¸eg c|V$p_ Apd}, fp¸eg bp¡X$uNpX®$k A_¡ fp¸eg c|V$p_ `p¡rgk_y„ k„eyL$s _pd R>¡.
c|V$p_ v$f¡L$ qv$ipA¡ c|rd kudpu Å¡X$pe¡gy R>¡. Alu L$p¡B`Z S>mkudp_y„ A[õsÐh _u. S>¡u Alu _p¥
k¡_p _u S>ê$fueps _u s¡dS> hpeyk¡_p_u kyrh^p D`gå^ _u.
c|V$p__p gp¡L$p¡ :
c|V$p__u AX$^pu `Z h^y hksu d|m r_hpku R>¡, S>¡_¡ "Npgp¡`p' sfuL$¡ Ap¡mMhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. S>¡_p¡
r_L$V$_p¡ k„b„^ rsåbs_u AdyL$ âÅusAp¡ kp¡ R>¡. Ap rkhpe _¡`pmu, ipfQpp¡`, ëlp¡sip„`p
âÅqsAp¡ hkhpV$ ^fph¡ R>¡.
^d® k„õL©$rs :
c|V$p_dp„ Ar^L$pqfL$ ^d® bp¥Ý^^d®_u dlpep_ ipMp R>¡. S>¡_¡ v$¡i_u ÓZ Qsyp¯i S>_sp `pm¡ R>¡.
Äepf¡ 25 % S>¡V$gu hksu tlvy$ ^d® `pm¡ R>¡ S>¡ _¡`pmu gp¡L$p¡ R>¡, S>¡_¡ "ëlp¡Ðkpçep' sfuL$¡ `Z
Ap¡mMhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.
c|V$p_ vy$r_ep_p¡ A¡hp¡ v$¡i R>¡ S>¡, `p¡sp_¡ bpL$u_p k„kpfu Argàs fpMu_¡ Æhu füp¡ lp¡e. ApS>¡
`Z Alu AdyL$ lv$¡ rhv$¡iuAp¡_p¡ âh¡i r_e„qÓs R>¡. v$¡i_u dp¡V$pcpN_u hksu _p_p Npdp¡dp„ fl¡ R>¡.
bp¥Ý^ rhQpf Alu_p Æh__p¡ dy¿e rlõkp¡ R>¡.
c|V$p_ kfL$pf _ursAp¡_y„ r_^p®fZ A¡ bpbs_¡ _Tf kdn fpMu_¡ L$f¡ R>¡ L$¡, `pf„`qfL$ d|ëep¡ A_¡
k„õL©$rs_y„ fnZ B iL$¡. Å¡ L$¡, hs®dp_ kde¡ _¡`pmu d|m_p Aë`k„¿eL$ kdyv$pedp„ p¡X$p¡ Ak„sp¡j R>¡.
S>¡ `p¡sp_u k„õL©$rs `f c|V$p_u k„õL©$rs gpv$hp_u rhê$Ý^ R>¡. S>¡_p¡ rhfp¡^ L$fsp L$¡V$gpL$ _¡`pmuAp¡ cpfs
sp _¡`pmdp„ ifZp} b_¡gp R>¡.
fpS>_urs :
c|V$p__p fpS> âdyM fpÅ Ap®s¹ ÖyL$ Áepg`p¡ lp¡e R>¡, S>¡ hs®dp_dp„ rS>Ád¡ M¡kf _pdÁepg hp„NQyL$
R>¡. Ap `v$ h„i`f„`fpNs R>¡. `f„sy c|V$p__u k„kv$ "ip¡NX|$' dp„ b¡ s©suep„i blydsu Üpfp lV$phu iL$pe
R>¡. "ip¡NX|$' dp„ 154 S>¡V$gu b¡W$L$p¡ R>¡. S>¡dp õpr_e ê$`¡ Qy„V$pe¡gp ârsr_r^ 105, ^prd®L$ ârsr_r^
12, A_¡ fpÅ Üpfp _pdp„L$_ `pd¡gp 37 kv$õep¡ lp¡e R>¡. d„Óu `qfjv$_p kv$õep¡_u Qy„V$Zu fpÅ L$f¡ R>¡.
S>¡_p¡ L$pe®L$pm `p„Q hj®_p¡ lp¡e R>¡.
7

c|V$p__p hX$pâ^p_ sp¡bN¡A¡ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u_¡ "rdÓhs, M|b S> op_u sp c|V$p__p rls tQsL$' S>Zphhp kp¡
Ap epÓp_y„ dlÐh A_¡L$NÏ hû Åe R>¡. L$pfZ L$¡, c|V$p_ epÓp_¡ L$pfZ¡ b„_¡ v$¡ip¡_p k„b„^p¡ h^y dS>b|s bÞep R>¡.
s¡dS> _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$uA¡ `p¡sp_p hX$pâ^p_ b_hp bpv$ âd rhv$¡i âhpk sfuL$¡ c|V$p__u L$f¡gu `k„v$Nu rhv$¡i _urs_p
dp¡fQ¡ `Z A¡L$ kpfu iê$Aps R>¡.
b„_¡ `pX$p¡iu v$¡ip¡ hÃQ¡ Ap`ku k„b„^p¡dp„ L$p¡B`Z âL$pf_p¡ MV$fpN _u. Äepf¡ cpfs_p AÞe `pX$p¡iu fpô²$p¡
`pqL$õsp_, bp„Ágpv$¡i, _¡`pm, îu g„L$p kp¡ L„$BL$ _¡ L„$BL$ âñp¡ fl¡gp R>¡. c|V$p_ cpfs_p DÅ® k„L$V$_¡ lmhy L$fhp
dv$v$ê$` b_u iL$¡ s¡d R>¡. kpdp`n¡ c|V$p__p Apr®L$ rls cpfs kp¡ Å¡X$pe¡gp R>¡. `fõ`f_p qv$O®L$prg_ gpc_u hps
gp„bp kde kyû `fõ`f_u r_c®fsp_¡ L$pfZ¡ A¡L$buÅ_¡ Å¡X$pe¡gp fpMi¡. s¡dS> Dëg¡M_ue bpbs A¡ R>¡ L$¡,
cpfs_u S>¡d c|V$p_ `Z Qu_u k¥r_L$p¡_u OykZMp¡fuu ùqX$s R>¡. S>¡ b„_¡ v$¡ip¡_¡ h^y _ÆL$ gph¡ s¡hu bpbs R>¡.
_f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u_u epÓp_y„ dlÐh :
Ÿ
Ÿ fpS>^p_u : t`|
Ÿ ipk_ âZpgu : k„h¡^pr_L$ fpS>s„Ó
Ÿ fpô²$Np_ : ÖyL$ k¡Þv$¡_
Ÿ cpjp : Å¡NMp, _¡`pmu
Ÿ dyÖp : r_Nyg®V²$d
Ÿ n¡Óam : 47,000 hN® qL$.du. (131dy„ õp_)
Ÿ fpô²$ue qv$hk : 17 qX$k¡çbf
Ÿ õhs„Ósp âpáu : 8 Ap¡Nô$ 1949
Ÿ âÅrs : c|V$p_u, `pf„`qfL$ _¡`pmu
Ÿ fpô²$ue M¡g : rsf„v$pÆ
Ÿ hksu : 741,822 (2012)
Ÿ Æ.X$u.ù. : 1.78 rbrge_ X$p¸gf (2012)
Ÿ k„kv$_y„ _pd : ip¡NX|$
Ÿ L©$rj ep¡Áe c|rd : 3 %
Ÿ DÛp¡N : rkd¡ÞV$, gpL$X$p, am, ApëL$p¡lp¡g, L$¡[ëied L$pbp®BX$
Ÿ Apeps : H^Z, A_pS>, diu_fu, hpl_
Ÿ r_L$pk : rS>àkd, rkd¡ÞV$, lphZpV$, gpL$X$p
c|V$p_ v$¡i rhjeL$ :
c|V$p_ Mps¡ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u_p âhQ__u 10 dy¿e Mpk bpbsp¡ :
1. cpfs ap¸f c|V$p_, c|V$p_ ap¸f cpfs
2. rldpge Ap`Z_¡ Å¡X$¡ R>¡.
3. rldpgeu n¡Óp¡_p cpfs_p `|hp£Ñf fpÄep¡ A_¡ c|V$p_ hÃQ¡ M¡g õ`^p®_y„ Apep¡S>_ L$fhy.
4. Aps„L$hpv$ vyr_ep_p cpNgp `pX$¡ R>¡, Äepf¡ è®V$_ vy$r_ep_¡ Å¡X$¡ R>¡.
`. rldpgeu n¡Ó_p AÝee_ dpV$¡ L$¡qÞÖe e|r_hrk®V$u
6. cpfs_p dS>b|s hp kp¡ k„`|Z® c|M„X$_¡ apev$p¡ i¡.
7. `pX$p¡iu^d® r_cphhp¡ A¡ cpfs_y„ L$s®ìe R>¡.
8. A„rsd R>¡X$¡ b¡W$¡gu ìeqL$s_u Myilpgu S> Akgu rhL$pk R>¡.
9. S>m rhÛys `qfep¡S>_pAp¡u b„_¡ v$¡ip¡_¡ apev$p¡.
10. c|V$p_dp„ gp¡L$s„Ó_u õp`_p kfpl_ue L$v$d R>¡.
v$rnZ A¡qiepdp„ Qu__p âcph_¡ _php dpV$¡ cpfs¡ `p¡sp_p
`pX$p¡iu v$¡ip¡ kp¡ kpfp k„b„^p¡ fpMhp S>ê$fu R>¡ A_¡ c|V$p_ A¡ qv$ipdp„
M|b S> dlÐh`|Z® R>¡. c|V$p__u kudp Qu_ kp¡ `Z Å¡X$pe¡gu R>¡.
Qu_ kp¡_p hpf„hpf_p kudp rhhpv$p¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ c|V$p_ cpfs dpV$¡ Ars
dlÐh_y„ fpô²$ b_u Åe R>¡.
cpfs rhS>mu k„L$V$ kpd¡ `Z TTydu füy R>¡. s¡_p D`pe õhê$`¡
c|V$p_ M|b S> Dèp¡Nu fpô²$ R>¡. cpfs¡ c|V$p_dp„ ÓZ lpBX²$`phf àgp„V$
b_phhpdp„ dv$v$ L$fu R>¡ A_¡ ÓZ lÆ r_dp®Zr^_ R>¡. hs®dp_ hj®¡
b„_¡ v$¡i hÃQ¡ 2120 d¡Nphp¡V$_p Qpf `phf âp¡S>¡L$V$ dpV$¡ kdS|>rs B
R>¡.
cpfs A_¡ c|V$p_ hÃQ¡ qÜ`nue h¡`pf hj® 2012dp„ 6830
L$fp¡X$ S>¡V$gp¡ lsp¡ A_¡ lÆ crhóedp„ rinZ, duqX$ep A_¡ è®V$_
n¡Ó¡ kpfp crhóe_u k„cph_p fl¡gu R>¡.
cpfsdpV$¡c|V$p__y„dlÐh:

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep
BqÞõV$V$¹e|V$ ap¸f BL$p¡_p¸rdL$k A¡ÞX$ ùk Üpfp 18 S|>_¡ g„X$_ Mps¡ Ágp¡bg ùk
HX$¡L$k f014 Åfu L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. S>¡dp„ ff S>¡V$gu bpbsp¡_p dp`v„$X$p¡_p Ap^pf¡
16f S>¡V$gp v$¡ip¡_u ip„rs_¡ dp`hp_u bpbs v$ip®hpB R>¡. S>¡dp„ vy$r_ep_p kp¥u ip„s
v$¡i sfuL$¡_y„ õp_ ApBkg¡ÞX$¡ Åmhu fp¿ey lsy. vy$r_ep_p kp¥u ip„s âd 10 v$¡i
¾$di: (1) ApBkg¡ÞX$ (f) X$¡_dpL®$ (3) Ap¸qõV²$ep (4) Þe|Tug¡ÞX$ (`)
qõhV$¹Tfg¡ÞX$ (6) ra_g¡ÞX$ (7) L$¡_¡X$p (8) Å`p_ (9) b¡[ëS>ed (10) _p¡h¡¡® R>¡.
- hj® f014dp„ AaOpr_õsp__¡ `pR>m fpMu_¡ kuqfep vy$r_ep_p¡ kp¥u Aip„s v$¡i
b_u Nep¡ R>¡.
- ip„rs_p õsfp¡dp„ Å¡rS®>epA¡ kp¥u kpfp¡ ky^pfp¡ v$ip®ìep¡ lsp¡. S>epf¡ v$rnZ k|v$p_¡
kp¥u Mfpb âv$i®_ L$ey® lsy. k|Qudp„ v$.k|v$p_ _uQ¡u ÓuÅ õp_¡ R>¡.
à `pR>gp kps hj® v$frdep_ rhð ip„rsdp„ DZ` Aphu R>¡. S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ buÅ rhð eyÂ^
bpv$u rhð ip„rs_u `pR>gp 60 hj®_u `f„`fp syV$u NB R>¡. vy$r_ep_p v$f¡L$ v$¡i dpV$¡
kf¡fpi h¥[ðL$ ip„rs dp`v„$X$ 1.96 u hû_¡ f.06 S>¡V$gp¡ B Nep¡ R>¡. S>¡ v$ip®h¡ R>¡ L$¡,
vy$r_epdp„ Aip„rs hû R>¡. Ap Aip„rs h^hp_y„ L$pfZ kuqfep, v$rnZ kyv$p_, dÂe
ApräL$u NZfpS>e, e|¾$¡__y„ V$¡Þi_, AaOpr_õsp_, BfpL$, ragu`pBÞk A_¡
gurbepd„p hû fl¡gp¡ Aps„L$hpv$ R>¡.
à B.k.f008 u 111 S>¡V$gp v$¡ip¡dp„ ip„rs_y„ õsf OV$u Ney R>¡. S>epf¡ `1 v$¡i A¡hp R>¡
S>ep„ ip„rs_p õsfdp„ h^pfp¡ ep¡ R>¡. V$p¡Q_p f0 kp¥u h^y ip„rs`|Z® v$¡ip¡ `¥L$u 14 v$¡ip¡
kp¡ e|fp¡`¡ kp¥u ip„rs`|Z® n¡Ó lp¡hp_u `p¡sp_u qõrs Åmhu fpMu„ R>¡.
à `00 rdrge_ S>¡V$gp gp¡L$p¡ v$¡ip¡dp„ Aqõfsp A_¡ Å¡Mdp¡ hÃQ¡ Æh_ Æhu füp R>¡.
S>¡ `¥L$u_p f00 rdrge_ gp¡L$p¡ Nfubu f¡Mpu _uQ¡ Æh_ `kpf L$fu füp R>¡.
à B.k.f008u Ágp¡bg B„X$¡L$k_p ff `¥L$u dpÓ Qpf dp`v„$X$dp„ ky^pfp¡ S>Zpep¡ R>¡.
S>epf¡ bpL$u_p 18dp„ L$du _p¢^pB R>¡.
à tlkp_p¡ h¥[ðL$ A® ìehõp `f âcph_y„ ApL$g_ hj® f013dp„ 9.8 qV²$qge_
Ad¡qfL$_ X$p¸gf L$¡ rhð Æ.X$u.ù._p 13.3 % S>¡V$gy lsy. hj® f012_u
kfMpdZuA¡ 179 rbrge_ Ad¡qfL$u X$p¸gf h^y R>¡. ârs ìeqL$sA¡ tlkp_p¡ Apr®L$
âcph 13`0 Ad¡qfL$u X$p¡gf S>¡V$gp¡ R>¡.
(1) e|fp¡` :
e|fp¡` kdõs ip„rs õsf_u bpbsp¡dp„ afu A¡L$hpf rhð _¡sp b_u_¡ blpf Apìey
R>¡. S>¡dp„ õL$¦qX$_¡rhepB v$¡ip¡A¡ Mpk kpê$ âv$i®_ L$ey® R>¡. s¡dS> `pf„`pqfL$ n¡Ó¡
kp¥u Aip„s n¡Ó A¡hy bpëL$_ n¡Ódp„ kp¥u h^y ky^pfp¡ _p¢^pep¡ R>¡.
(f) DÑf Ad¡qfL$p :
A¡râg f013dp„ bp¡õV$_ d¡f¡p¡_ lydgp krls_u Aps„L$u Nrsrhr^dp„ e¡gp
h^pfp_¡ L$pfZ¡ DÑfu Ad¡qfL$pdp„ ip„rs õsfdp„ p¡X$p¡ OV$pX$p¡ _p¢^pep¡ R>¡. Ap n¡Ó
rhð_y„ buÅ _„bf_y„ ip„s n¡Ó lp¡hp_y„ L$pfZ L$¡_¡X$p_y„ ep¡Nv$p_ R>¡.
(3) A¡riep âip„s
Ap n¡Ó vy$r_epdp„ kp¥u ip„rs`|Z® n¡Óp¡ `¥L$u ÓuÅ õp_¡ R>¡. hj® f013_p dyL$pbg¡
dpdygu OV$pX$p¡ _p¢^pep¡ R>¡. S>¡_y„ L$pfZ v$rnZ Qu_ kpNf A_¡ L$p¡qfepB
âpeqÜ`dp„ rhL$pk kp¡ Å¡X$pe¡gp¡ rhhpv$ R>¡.
(4) v$rnZ A¡qiep :
kdN° nqÓe f¥qL„$N dpdg¡ Ap n¡Ó kp¥u _uQ¡ fl¡gy R>¡. Å¡ L$¡ s¡_p¡ õL$p¡f AÞe n¡Óp¡_u
Ágp¡bgùkBÞX$¡L$kBqÞõV$V$¹e|V$ap¸fBL$p¸_p¡rdL$kA¡ÞX$ùkBqÞõV$V$¹e|V$ ap¸f BL$p¸_p¡rdL$k A¡ÞX$ ùk
kuX$_u Mps¡_y„ A¡L$ Ap„sffpô²$ue A_¡
õhs„Ó tL$V$¢L$ R>¡, S>¡ kL$pfpÐdL$, lp„kg L$fu
iL$hp ep¡Áe A_¡ dp_h L$ëepZ, âNrs_p
_L$L$f D`pep¡ Üpfp rhð_y„ Âep_ ip„rs sfa
L$fhp BÃR>p ^fph¡ R>¡ A_¡ rhð ip„rs_¡
dp`_pf R>¡. Ágp¡bg ùk HX$¡L$k
(Æ.ù.ApB.) L$¡, S>¡_u iê$Aps hj®
f007dp„ B lsu. hj® f014_u k|Qu Ap
î¡Zu_u Ly$g ApW$du k|Qu R>¡. Ap H„X$¡L$k
dp`hp dpV$¡ ff S>¡V$gp dp`v„$X$p¡ A`_phhpdp„
Aph¡ R>¡. S>¡dp„ rhrh^ n¡Óp¡ Üpfp L$fhpdp„
Aphsp k¡_p MQ®, `X$p¡iu v$¡ip¡ kp¡_p¡
k„b„^, 16f S>¡V$gp v$¡ip¡dp„ fl¡gu S>¡gdp„
fl¡gu hksu_u V$L$phpfu kpd¡g lp¡e R>¡.
Ágp¡bg ùk B„X$¡L$k-f014
Ágp¡bg ùk HX$¡L$k_p dy¿e `p¡BÞV$
Ágp¡bg ùk HX$¡L$k f013_u n¡Óhpf rhi¡jsp :
syg_pA¡ kpfp¡ R>¡.
(5) friep A_¡ e|f¡qiep :
Ap n¡Ódp„ v$f¡L$ 1f v$¡ip¡ `¥L$u Qpf v$¡i_¡ L$pfZ¡ kL$pfpÐdL$ A¡hp¡ dpdygu ky^pfp¡
S>Zpep¡ R>¡. Ap n¡Ódp„ friep kp¥u ip„rs`|Z® v$¡i R>¡ A_¡ h¥[ðL$ fus¡ s¡
kp¥u Mfpb âv$i®_L$sp® v$¡ip¡ `¥L$u_p¡
A¡L$ R>¡. S>¡ k|Qudp„ 1`fdy„ õp_ ^fph¡ R>¡.
(6) dÂe Ad¡qfL$p A_¡ L$¡f¡rbep :
Ap n¡Ódp„ ip„rs A¡ `X$L$pfS>_L$ bpbs R>¡. Å¡ L$¡ Ap n¡Ó `pR>gp hj®_u
kfMpdZuA¡ dpdygu ky^pfp¡ L$fhpdp„ kam füy R>¡.
(7) D` klpfp ApräL$p :
Ap n¡Ó n¡qÓe õL$p¡fdp„ buÆ kp¥u dp¡V$u NufphV$ v$ip®h¡ R>¡. kp¥u h^y _L$pfpÐdL$
õL$p¡f bv$g_pf v$k `¥L$u Qpf v$¡i Ap n¡Ódp„ ^fph¡ R>¡. V$p¡Q `f v$.k|v$p_ A_¡
dÂe ApräL$u NZfpS>e R>¡.
16f S>¡V$gp v$¡ip¡_u rhð ip„rs f¢qL„$Ndp„ cpfs_u f¢L$ 143du R>¡. S>¡ hj®
f013dp„ 141 lsu. cpfs b¡ õp_ _uQ¡ Apìey R>¡.
cpfs gp„bp kdeu Ap„sffpóV²$ue sZph A_¡ ìep`L$ Ap„sqfL$ k„Oj®
kpd¡ TT|du füy R>¡. cpfs_u Ap„sqfL$ kyfnpdp„ kp¥u dp¡V$p¡ Msfp¡
dpAp¡hpv$u Ap„v$p¡g_ R>¡. s¡dS> `X$p¡iu v$¡i kp¡ Qpgu fl¡gp _p_p dp¡V$p
k„Ojp£ bpü kyfnp dpV$¡ Msfp¡ R>¡. cpfs h¥[ðL$ Aps„L$hpv$ k|QL$p„L$dp„
1`9 v$¡ip¡_u k|Qudp„ Qp¡y õp_ ^fph¡ R>¡.
hj® f013dp„ cpfsdp„ tlkp_p õsf_y„ fpô²$ue A® ìehõp `f 177
rdrge_ Ad¡qfL$u X$p¸gf_p¡ bp¡T `X$hp_y A_ydp_ lsy. Ap A_ydp_
cpfs_p kL$g Of¡gy DÐ`pv$__p 3.6 % L$¡ 14` Ad¡qfL$u X$p¸gf ârs
ìeqL$s bfpbf S>¡V$gy R>¡. Å¡ cpfs `p¡sp_u ip„rs_p kdõs õsfdp„ ky^pfp¡
gphu iL$¡ R>¡ sp¡ rhð âhplu dm_pf Ar^L$p„i gpcu s¡ `p¡sp_p¡ Apr®L$
ky^pfp¡ L$fu iL$hp_u ndsp ^fph¡ R>¡.
_¡`pm (76), bp„Ágpv$¡i (98), îug„L$p (10`), `pqL$õsp_ (1`4),
AaOpr_õsp_ (161)dp„ õp_¡ füp lsp. S>epf¡ hj® f01f A_¡ f013dp„
k¥Þe MQ®dp„ h^pfp¡ A_¡ Ap„sqfL$ k„Oj®dp„ Aph¡gu s¡Æ_¡ L$pfZ¡ Qu_ 108çpp„
õp_¡ füy lsy.
Ágp¡bg ùk HX$¡L$k qf`p¡V®$ b_ph_pf BqÞõV$V$¹e|V$ ap¸f BL$p¡_p¸rdL$k
A¡ÞX$ ùk Üpfp _hy Å¡Md d|ëep„L$_ dp¸X$g b_phhpdp„ Apìey R>¡.
S>¡ ApNpdu b¡ hj®dp„ A¡hp 10 v$¡ip¡_u Ap¡mM L$fi¡, S>ep„ ip„rs A_¡
tlkp_p õsfdp„ kp¥u h^y h^pfp¡ ep¡ lp¡e. Ap dp¡X$gp¡ 90 % S>¡V$gp kqV$L$
lp¡hp_p¡ Brslpk ^fph¡ R>¡. DÃQõsf_p Å¡Mdhpmp v$¡ip¡dp„ Å„buep, l¥su,
ApS>£qÞV$_p, QpX$, bp¡qõ_ep A_¡ lS>£Np¡rh_p, _¡`pm, b°yÞX$u, Å¡rS®ep,
gpBb¡qfep A_¡ L$sf kpd¡g R>¡.
cpfs_y„ õp_ :
AÞe A¡riepB v$¡ip¡_u qõrs :
Å¡Md d|ëep„L$_ dp¡X$g :
9

bpmL$p¡_p rinZÿp¡Ó¡ h¥[ðL$ `rfÖíe `f_u qf`p¡V®$ e|_¡õL$p¡ Üpfp f6 S|>_¡ Åfu L$fhpdp„
Aphu lsu. s¡dp„ S>Zpìep dyS>b vy$r_epdp„ 6 u 11 hj®_u he ^fphsp `8 rdrge_ bpmL$p¡
õL|$g¡ S>sp _u. Ap qf`p¡V®$ Ágp¡bg `pV®$_fri` ap¸f A¡S>eyL$¡i_ Üpfp äp„k_p b°yk¡ëk Mps¡
Apep¡rS>s A¡L$ k„hpv$v$psp k„d¡g_dp„ e|_¡õL$p¡_p dlp q_v$£iL$ Bfu_p bpL$p¡hpA¡ âõsys L$fu
lsu.
_hu h¥[ðL$ ApDV$-Ap¸a-õL|$g_p Ap„L$X$p e|_¡õL$p¡ B[ÞõV$V$¹e|V$ ap¸f õV$¥qV$[õV$L$k
(e|.ApB.A¡k.) Üpfp b_phhpdp„ Apìep R>¡. S>¡ A_ykpf dpqlsu dmu R>¡ L$¡, Å¡ Ap S>
`qfqõrs fl¡i¡ sp¡ õL|$g S>sp bpmL$p¡ `¥L$u 43 % bpmL$p¡ L$v$u õL|$g¡ S>B iL$i¡ _lu. qf`p¡V®$
A_ykpf Apif¡ 16 rdrge_ bpmpAp¡ A_¡ 10 qdrge_ qL$ip¡f R>p¡L$fpAp¡_¡ õL|$g¡ S>hp_p¡
Ahkf L$epf¡e _lu dm¡.
Ü qf`p¡V®$dp„ A¡hp 17 v$¡ip¡ rhj¡ S>Zphhpdp„ Apìey R>¡ L$¡, S>¡dZ¡ A¡L$ v$iL$pu h^y kdedp„
õL|$g¡ _l] S>su `p¡sp_u hksu_p Apif¡ 90 % Ap¡R>u L$fu R>¡. S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ A¡L$ kL$pfpÐdL$
`qfhs®_ Aphu iL$¡ R>¡. Ap v$¡ip¡A¡ õL|$g au Ap¡R>u L$fhu. h^y âpk„rNL$ `pW$e¾$d kpd¡g
L$fhp¡ A_¡ k„Oj®fs `qfhpfp¡_¡ _pZp„L$ue kd®_ Ap`hy S>¡hu bpbsp¡ A`_phu lsu.
Ü h¥[ðL$ âNrsdp„ OV$pX$p_y„ dy¿e L$pfZ D`-klpfp ApräL$p R>¡. S>¡ DÃQ S>_k„¿ep hksu v$f
^fph¡ R>¡ A_¡ hs®dp_dp„ 30 rdrge_ L$fsp h^y õL|$g¡ _lu„ S>sp bpmL$p¡_y„ Of R>¡. Ap
n¡Ódp„ hj® f01fdp„ rinp âZpgudp„ kpd¡g _pf ÓZ `¥L$u A¡L$ bpmL$ âprdL$ õL|$g_p
A„rsd N°¡X$dp„ `lp¢Qsp `l¡gp õL|$g R>p¡X$u v$¡ R>¡.
Ü qf`p¡V®$_p rhïg¡jZdp„ A¡hu bpbs `Z kpd¡ Aphu R>¡ L$¡, 17 S>¡V$gp v$¡ip¡dp„ hj®
f000dp„ õL|$g¡ _ S>sp bpmL$p¡_u k„¿ep rhð õsf¡ õL|$g¡ _lu S>sp bpmL$p¡_u k„¿ep_u A¡L$
Qsyp¯i S>¡V$gu lsu, Äepf¡ õL|$g¡ _lu S>sp bpmL$p¡_u k„¿epdp„ 86 % S>¡V$gp¡ OV$pX$p¡ sp
s¡ k„¿ep f7 rdrge_u OV$u_¡ 4 rdrge_ S>¡V$gu flu lsu.
Ü rhïg¡jZdp„ R> S>¡V$gu _ursAp¡_u Ap¡mM L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. S>¡ âprdL$ õL|$g¡ _ S>sp
bpmL$p¡_¡ õL|$g¡ S>hpdp„ dv$v$ê$` kam kprbs B R>¡. S>¡ AÞe v$¡i dpV$¡ dlÐh`|Z®
Dv$plfZ b_u iL$¡ R>¡.
"A¡S>eyL$¡i_ap¸fAp¸gÁgp¡bgdp¡r_V$qf„N'-e|_¡õL$p¡_uqf`p¡V®$
qf`p¡V®$_u dy¿e bpbsp¡ :
(1) au dp„ OV$pX$p¡ :
B.k.f00`dp„ b°y„X$udp„ au OV$pX$p¡ L$fhpdp„ Aphsp R> hj®dp„ âprdL$ ipmpdp„ âh¡i d¡mh_pf_u
k„¿ep `4 % dp„u 94 % S>¡V$gu B NB lsu.
(f) kpdpÆL$ _L$v$ lõsp„sfZ :
B.k.1998dp„ S>ep„ õL|$g¡ _ S>sp bpmL$p¡_u k„¿ep 17 % S>¡V$gu lsu Ðep„ hj® f009dp„ s¡ k„¿ep
7 % S>¡V$gu B NB lsu. S>¡_y L$pfZ r_L$pfpNylpdp„ hj® f000dp„ õL|$g MQ® _l] DW$phu iL$sp
`qfhpfp¡_u dv$v$ dpV$¡ kpdprS>L$ _L$v$ lõsp„sfZ_u iê$Aps B lsu.
(3) rinZ `f_p MQ®dp„ h^pfp¡ :
Op_pA¡ rinZ `f sp¡ MQ® X$bg L$fu qv$^p¡, S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ B.k.1999dp„ S>ep„ f.4 rdrge_
bpmL$p¡ õL|$g¡ S>sp lsp s¡ hj® f013dp„ hû_¡ 4.1 rdrge_ S>¡V$gp B Nep R>¡.
(4) rinZ_u NyZhÑpdp„ ky^pfp¡ :
rhA¡s_pd Üpfp h„rQs rhÛp}Ap¡ `f rhi¡j Âep_ Ap`hp dpV$¡ _hp `pW$e¾$d_u iê$Aps B
A_¡ f004 u f010 hÃQ¡ õL|$g¡ _lu S>sp bpmL$p¡_u k„¿ep `¥L$u s¡ k„¿ep AX$û L$fu _pMhpdp
kamsp d¡mhu lsu.
(`) Åsue A_¡ cpjpB g^ydsuAp¡_y„ Âep_pL$j®Z :
dp¡fp¡½$p¡A¡ hj® f003dp„ âprdL$ õL|$gp¡dp„ õpr_e AdptTN cpjpdp„ rinZ iê$ L$ey® lsy A_¡
hj® f001dp„ õL|$g¡ _ S>sp bpmL$p¡_u k„¿ep 9 % u OV$u_¡ 4 % S>¡V$gu B lsu.
(6) rhhpv$p¡_u `sphV$ :
_¡`pmdp„ rhhpqv$s n¡Óp¡ A_¡ AÞe õp_p¡_p bpmL$p¡ dpV$¡ rinZ_y„ õsf hj® f006dp„ N©l eyÂ^
Msd ep bpv$ kdp rióeh©rÑ kpd¡g lsu.
6 _ursAp¡ :
Ad¡qfL$p qõs bp¡õV$_
L„$k[ëV„$N N©` (bu.ku.Æ.) Üpfp
10 S|>_¡ Þe|ep¡L®$ Mps¡ Åfu e¡gu
"h¥[ðL$ k„`rÑ âb„^_ DÛp¡N'
`f_u 14du hprj®L$ qf`p¡V®$
(fpBqX„N A h¡g Ap¸a N°p¡ :
Ágp¡bg h¡ë f014)dp„
cpfs_¡ L$fp¡X$`rsAp¡_p dpdg¡
rhðdp„ 1`d„„y õp_ âpá ey R>¡.
cpfsdp„ Ly$g 1.7` gpM
L$fp¡X$`qs R>¡.
S>¡d_u `pk¡ 10 gpM
Ad¡qfL$u X$p¸gf A¡V$g¡ Apif¡ 6
L$fp¡X$ ê$rèp_u k„`rÑ R>¡. qf`p¡V®$ A_ykpf B.k. f018 kyûdp„ cpfs vy$r_ep_p¡ kpsdp
_„bf_p¡ ^r_L$ v$¡i b_u S>i¡. Dëg¡M_ue R>¡ L$¡, hj® f01f_p qf`p¡V®$ dyS>b cpfs 16dp„
_„bf¡ lsy. hj® f013dp„ vy$r_epdp„ L$fp¡X$`qsAp¡_u k„¿ep 1.63 L$fp¡X$ B lsu. Ap
v$frdep_ Mp_Nu k„`rÑdp„ 14.6 % _u h©qÂ^ B lsu.
hj® f014_u hs®dp_ qf`p¡V®$ A_ykpf kp¥u h^y 8f gpM L$fp¡X$`rs kp¡ Ad¡qfL$p âd,
f4 gpM L$fp¡X$`qs kp¡ Qu_ buSy> A_¡ Å`p_ ÓuÅ õp_¡ füp lsp.
Ad¡qfL$p_u bu.ku.Æ. qf`p¡V®$ hprj®L$ ê$`¡ Åfu L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. S>¡_¡ vy$r_epcfdp„ i¡f
bÅfp¡_u s¡Ædp„ `pR>gp hj®u iê$ fl¡gp DÑd âv$i®__¡ Ap^pf¡ b_phhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.
rkNpf¡V$ h¡QpZdp„ L$p¡gL$sp V$p¡Q_p õp_¡
- dy„bBdp„ v$¥r_L$ 6/7, l¥v$fpbpv$dp„ `/6, Adv$phpv$dp„ 6/7, gM_Dd„p 7/8 rkNpf¡V$_p¡
Dèp¡N pe R>¡.
- A¡L$ kápldp„ AL$ ìeqL$s l¥v$fpbpv$dp„ rkNpf¡V$ `pR>m kf¡fpi 47f ê$rèp, gM_D 404,
Adv$phpv$dp„ 387, L$p¡gL$pspdp„ 348 A_¡ dy„bBdp„ 3f0 ê$rèp S>¡V$gp¡ MQ® L$f¡ R>¡. rkNpf¡V$ `f
kf¡fpi kpàsprlL$ MQ® 383 ê$rèp S>¡V$gp¡ R>¡.
- `pR>gp ÓZ hj® v$frdep_ L$p¡gL$spdp„ rkNpf¡V$_u M`sdp„ f4 %_p¡ h^pfp¡ ep¡ R>¡. S>epf¡
gM_Ddp„ 19 % dy„bBdp„ 13 % h^pfp¡ _p¢^pep¡ R>¡.
kh£nZ rhjeL$cpfs v$¡idp„ rkNpf¡V$_p h¡QpZdp„ L$p¡gL$Ñp il¡f_¡ kp¥u V$p¡Q_y„ õp_
âpá ey R>¡. L$p¡gL$Ñpdp„ kf¡fpi A¡L$ ìeqL$s ârsqv$_ fpô²$ue kf¡fpi 6-7
rkNpf¡V$_u syg_pA¡ âqsqv$_ 7-10 rkNpf¡V$_„y ^yd°`p_ L$f¡ R>¡.
Ap kh£nZdp„ Æ.A¡a.L$¡. dp¡X$_p klep¡Nu `p„Q n¡Ó dy„bB, L$p¡gL$sp,
Adv$phpv$, gM_D, l¥v$fpbpv$ Mps¡ f1-40 hj®_u he hN®_p ìeqL$sAp¡dp„
L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy. 1f S|>_¡ ApB.ku.ApB.ku.ApB. sdpL|$ h`fpi
f014_p kh£nZdp„ Ap Ap„L$X$p kpd¡ Apìep lsp.
"^ NyX$ L„$V²$u BÞX$¡L$k' Üpfp e|.A¡_.,hëX®$ b¢L$ A_¡ s¡_p S>¡hu Ly$g 3` S>¡V$gu
AgN-AgN k„õpAp¡ `pk¡u dm¡gp X$¡V$p_¡ Ap^pf¡ 1f` v$¡ip¡_p kh£ bpv$
f¡„qL„$N s¥epf L$fu_¡ Apefg¡ÞX$_¡ kp¥u kpfp v$¡i sfuL$¡ Op¡rjs L$ep£ lsp¡.
Ap qgõV$dp„ cpfs 81dp„, Qu_ 107dp„ õp_¡ R>¡. rgõV$dp„ âd f1 v$¡i
e|fp¡ùe A_¡ A„N°¡Æ cpjp bp¡g_pf v$¡i kpd¡g R>¡. S>epf¡ ffdp¡ A_¡ bu_
e|fp¡ùe v$¡i L$p¡õV$pqV$L$p R>¡ sp rQgu-f4 A_¡ L$¡Þep_¡ ApräL$p M„X$_y„ kp¥u
kpê$ fpô²$ dp_hpdp„ Apìey R>¡. S>¡ rgõV$dp„ f6dp„ õp_¡ R>¡.
S>epf¡ BfpL$, guqbep A_¡ rhA¡s_pd kp¥u _uQ¡_p õp_¡ füp lsp.
kp¥u kpfp v$¡i_p¡ v$fˆ$p¡ dp_hsp A_¡ `©Õhu âÐe¡_p ep¡Nv$p__¡ _Tf
kdn fpMu_¡ âv$p_ ep¡ lsp¡. S>¡dp„ _uQ¡ v$ip®h¡gu bpbsp¡_¡ Ap^pf¡ f¡qL„$N
b_phphdp„ Aphu lsu.
(1) â¡k_u ApTpv$u
(f) ifZp}Ap¡_u k„¿ep
(3) lrepf r_L$pk
(4) _p¡b¡g `yfõL$pf rhS>¡spAp¡_u k„¿ep
V$p¡` V$¡_ v$¡i
(1) Apefg¡ÞX$ (f) õhuX$_
(f) ra_g¡ÞX$ (4) e|.L$¡.
(`) qõhV$¹Tfg¡ÞX $(6) _p¡h£
(7) _¡^fg¡ÞX$ (8) X$¡_dpL®$
(9) Þe|Tug¡ÞX$ (10) b¡[ëS>ed
B.C.G. hprj®L$ qf`p¡V®$ : L$fp¡X$`rs
bpbs¡ cpfs rhðdp„ 1`dp„ õp_¡
Apefg¡ÞX$ kp¥u kpfp¡ v$¡i

k„eyL$s fpô²$ èp®hfZ L$pe®¾$d (e|.A¡_.B.ù.) Üpfp f4 S|>_¡ _¥fp¡bu (L$¡Þep) Mps¡
ep¡Åe¡g âd k„eyL$s fpô²$ èp®hfZ_p k„d¡g_dp„ " ^ A¡Þhpefd¡ÞV$ ¾$pBd ¾$pBrkk'
_pd_u qf`p¡V®$ Åfu L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. S>¡ e|.A¡_.B.ù. A_¡ HV$f`p¡g_u Ðhfus
ârsq¾$ep_y„ ApL$g_ R>¡.
qf`p¡V®$dp„ S>Zpìep âdpZ¡ âqs hj® sp f13 AbS>_p Ad¡qfL$u X$p¸gf_p h¥[ðL$
èp®hfZ A`fp^ A`fpûAp¡, _pNqfL$ k¡_p A_¡ Aps„L$hpv$u kd|lp¡_¡ _pZp„L$ue dv$v$
`lp¢QpX$u füp R>¡ A_¡ L$¡V$gpe¡ v$¡ip¡_u kyfnp A_¡ kss rhL$pk dpV$¡ Msfp¡ b_u Nep R>¡.
¶ Sy>v$p-Sy>v$p ÷p¡sp¡_p A¡L$ A_ydp_ A_ykpf hprj®L$ 7 AbS> X$p¸gfu f3 AbS>
X$p¸gf_p¡ L$pfp¡bpf h_õ`rs A_¡ Æhp¡_p¡ Ah¥^ h¡`pf_p¡ R>¡. S>¡dp„ dpR>gu `L$X$hp_y„
A_¡ gpL$X$p L$p`hp_u bpbs kpd¡g _u.
¶ A¡L$ A_ydp_ A_ykpf hj® f00f u f011 _u hÃQ¡_p kdeNpmp v$frdep_ S„>Ngu
lpuAp¡_u k„¿epdp„ 62 % S>¡V$gp¡ OV$pX$p¡ S>Zpep¡ R>¡. lpuv$p„s dpV$¡ sp¡ lpuAp¡_p¡
riL$pf A¡ dpV$¡ L$pfZc|s R>¡. N¡fL$p_|_u riL$pf Üpfp lp„kg L$fhpdp„ Aph¡g L$pQp
ApräL$u lpu v$p„sp¡_u qL„$ds A¡riepdp„ 16` rdrge_ X$p¸gfu gB_¡ 188 rdrge_
X$p¸gf S>¡V$gu R>¡.
¶ S>epf¡ 94 % S>¡V$gu hksu ^fphsp tiNX$p^pfu fpB_p¡_u kp¥u h^y hksu qTçbpåh¡
A_¡ v$.ApräL$pdp„ R>¡. Al] k„NW$us riL$pfu V$p¡mL$u_¡ L$pfZ¡ hj® f007dp„ S>¡ k„¿ep
`0 lsu s¡ hj® f013dp„ 1000u `Z h^y B NB R>¡. `pR>gp hj£ tiNX$pAp¡_u
qL„$ds 63 rdrge_ X$p¸gfu gB_¡ 19f rdrge_ X$p¸gf S>¡V$gu lsu.
¶ A¡L$ A_ydp_ A_ykpf dp¡V$p hp_f_p riL$pfdp„ `Z h^pfp¡ _p¢^pep¡ R>¡. hj® f00` u
f011 hÃQ¡ Ap¡R>pdp„ Ap¡R>p 643 tQ`pTu, 48 bp¡_p¡bk, 98 Np¡qfëgp A_¡
1019 Ap¡f¢NyV$p__p¡ N¡fL$p_|_u riL$pf ep_„y A_ydp_ R>¡. dp¡V$p hp_fp¡_p Ah¥^
riL$pf_p¡ hpõsqhL$ Ap„L$X$p¡ Apif¡ ff,000 S>¡V$gp¡ R>¡.
"^ A¡Þhpefd¢V$ ¾$pBd ¾$pBrkk'
¶- h_p¡_p¡ N¡fL$p_|_u A_ydpr_s hprj®L$ L$pfp¡bpf 30 u 100 AbS> X$p¸gf_p¡ R>¡. S>¡ Ly$g
h¥rðL$ gpL$X$p h¡`pf_p¡ 10 u 30 % S>¡V$gp¡ L$lu iL$pe.
¶- A¡L$ A_ydp_ dyS>b Ad|L$ DóZL$qV$b„ûe v$¡ip¡dp„u Aphsp `0 u 90 % gpL$X$p
Ah¥^ ÷p¡sp¡_p dpN£u Aphhp_p¡ k„v$¡l R>¡. S>¡_¡ Ah¥^ ê$`¡ L$p`hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.
¶B.e|. A_¡ Ad¡qfL$p âqs hj® Apif¡ 33.` AbS> V$_ DóZL$V$ub„ûe gpL$X$p Apeps
L$f¡ R>¡. A_ydp_ R>¡ L$¡, v$f¡L$ i„L$põ`v$ N¡fL$p_|_u DóZL$V$ub„ûe gpL$X$p_p¡ 6f u 86
% S>Õp¡ L$pNm, gyÁv$u A_¡ gpL$X$p_u rQàk ê$`¡ B.e|. A_¡ Ad¡rfL$pdp„ S>B füp¡ R>¡.
¶A¡L$ A_ydp_ dyS>b `|h} ApräL$p_y„ A¡L$ Aps„L$hpv$u kd|l QpfL$p¡g_p Ah¥^ ìep`pf
Üpfp hprj®L$ 38 u `6 AbS> X$p¸gf_u L$dpZu L$fu füy R>¡.
¶ApräL$u v$¡ip¡ A_¡ s¡_u Apk`pk_p rhõspfp¡dp„ _pNqfL$ k¡_p A_¡ Aps„L$hpv$u kd|l
iê$ tlkp v$frdep_ Ah¥^ Ar_erds Qpf L$p¡g h¡`pf Üpfp hprj®L$ 111 rdrge_
X$p¸gfu f89 rdrge_ X$p¸gf_u L$dpZu L$fu füy R>¡.
ü èp®hfZue A`fp^_u N„cuf bpbsp¡ A_¡ èp®hfZ `f `X$sp N„cuf âcphp¡ A_¡
kss rhL$pk gÿep¡_¡ qõhL$pf L$fu_¡ dprlsu âpáudp„ dv$v$ A_¡ èp®hfZ L$p_|_ A_¡
r_edp¡ `f âepkp¡dp„ kdÞhe, Nfubu DÞd|g_ A_¡ rhL$pk_„y kd®_ L$fhpdp„ dv$v$
L$fu_¡ kdqÞhs èp®hfZ A`fp^ kpd¡ ×[ô$L$p¡Z gpNy L$fhp¡.
ü A`fpû kdyv$pe_¡ èp®hfZ A`fp^ bv$g kss rhL$pk A_¡ fpS>e dpV$¡ N„cuf
Msfp¡ kdS>hp A_¡ s¡d_p Ah¥^ h¡`pf_¡ fp¡L$hp fpô²$ue, n¡Óue, h¥[ðL$ âepkp¡_„y
kd®_ L$fhy.
ü èp®hfZ L$p_|_, A_y`pg_ A_¡ ÅN©rs_¡ dS>b|s b_phhp A_¡ âhs®_
A¡S>ÞkuAp¡ A_¡ v$¡ip¡_¡ N¥f-fpS>e ki÷ Sy>p¡ A_¡ Aps„L$hpv$_¡ _pZp`p¡jZ A_¡
Ah¥^ h¡`pf_u c|qdL$p Ap¡R>u L$fhp dpV$¡ D`cp¡L$sp ÅN©rs Arcep_ A_¡ Dèp¡NL$sp®
bÅfp¡_u Ap¡mM L$fu_¡ c°ô$pQpf kpd¡ gX$hp k„õpNs, L$p_|_u A_¡ r_epdL$
âZpgu_¡ dS>b|s b_phhu A_¡ Ah¥^ h¡`pf_u v$¡Mf¡M fpMhu.
h_õ`rsA_¡Æhp¡_pN¡fL$p_|_uh¡`pf_udy¿ebpbsp¡:
gpL$X$p_p N¡fL$p_|_u h¡`pf_u dy¿e bpbsp¡ :
qf`p¡V®$_u cgpdZ :
Ø `fdpÏ lrepf ^fphsp Ly$g 9 v$¡i R>¡. k„eyL$s fpS>e Ad¡qfL$p, friep, ey.L$¡,
äp„k, cpfs, `pqL$õsp_, BTfpeg, DÑf L$p¡qfep, hj® f014_u iê$Apsdp„ v$f¡L$
v$¡ip¡ `pk¡ Apif¡ 4000 Ap¡`f¡i_g `fdpÏ lrepf lsp.
Ø v$f¡L$ `fdpÏ lrepf NZhpdp„ Aphu füp R>¡. hj® f014dp„ Ap v$f¡L$ v$¡i `pk¡
Ly$g Apif¡ 16,300 `fdpÏ lrepf lsp. hj® f013_u iê$Apsdp„ Ap k„¿ep
17,f70 lsu.
Ø cpfs A_¡ `pqL$õsp_ `fdpÏ lrepf `lp¢QpX$hpdp„ knd _hu âZpgu
rhL$rks L$fhpdp„ gpN¡gp R>¡ A_¡ `p¡sp_p k¥Þe Dv«¡íep¡ dpV$¡ rhM„X$_ue kpdN°u_u
`p¡sp_u DÐ`pv$_ ndsp h^pfu füp R>¡.
Ø `pR>gp `p„Q hj® v$frdep_ vy$r_epdp„ Ly$g `fdpÏ lrepfp¡_u k„¿epdp„ r_f„sf
õV$p¡L$ lp¡d HV$f_¡i_g ùk qfkQ® BqÞõV$V$¹e|V$
Üpfp hprj®L$ Þe|qL$gef ap¡k£k X$¡V$p Åfu L$fpep¡
õV$p¡L$ lp¡d HV$f_¡i_g ùk rfkQ® BqÞõV$V$¹e|V$ Üpfp 16 S|>__p fp¡S> `p¡sp_p¡ hprj®L$ Þe|qL$gef
ap¡k£k X$¡V$p Åfu L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. S>¡dp„ vy$r_ep_p `fdpÏ lrepfp¡_p hs®dp_ âhpl A_¡
rhL$pk_y„ ApL$g_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey R>¡. Ap„L$X$pAp¡ `fu dprlsu dmu Aph¡ R>¡ L$¡, S>epf¡ vy$r_epdp„
`fdpZy lrepfp¡_u k„¿ep Ap¡R>u B flu R>¡, Ðepf¡ `fdpÏ lrepf k„`Þ_ v$¡ip¡ `¥L$u L$p¡B`Z
r_L$V$_p crhóedp„ `p¡sp_p lrepf Msd L$fhp s¥epf _u.
dy¿e bpbs :-
õV$p¡L$ lp¡d BÞV$f_¡i_g ùk qfQk®
BqÞõV$V$¹e|V$ õhuX$_ qõs A¡L$ õhs„Ó
Ap„sffpô²$ue k„õp_ R>¡.S>¡_u õp`_p
B.k.1966dp„ B lsu.
Ap k„õp_ k„Oj®, Apey^, lrepf
r_e„ÓZ A_¡ r_f÷uL$fZ `f A_yk„^p_ L$f¡ R>¡.
S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ s¡_p ÷p¡sp¡_p Ap^pf¡ _urs r_^p®fL$p¡,
duqX$ep, ip¡^L$sp® A_¡ fkê$Qu ^fphsp gp¡L$p¡
dpV$¡ Ap„L$X$p rhïg¡jZ A_¡ cgpdZ D`gå^
b_¡ R>¡.
A¡k.ApB.ù.Apf.ApB.v$¡i hj®
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Ad¡qfL$p 9600 8500 8000 7700 7300
friep 12000 11000 10000 8500 8000
e|.L$¡. ff` ff` ff` 225 225
äp„k 300 300 300 300 300
Qu_ f40 240 240 250 250
cpfs 60-80 80-100 80-100 90-110 90-110
`pqL$õsp_ 70-90 90-110 90-110 100-120 100-120
BTfpeg 80 80 80 80 80
Ly$g 22600 20530 19000 17570 16300
`pR>gp `p„Qhj®_p¡ hëX®$ Þe|qL$gef X$¡V$p ap¡k£k
OV$pX$p¡ ep¡ R>¡. Ap OV$pX$p¡ fqiep A_¡ Ad¡rfL$p_¡ L$pfZ¡ ep¡
R>¡. `f„sy lÆ `Z Ly$g `fdpÏ lrepfp¡ 93 % friep A_¡
Ad¡qfL$p `pk¡ R>¡. b„_¡ v$¡i d¡S>k® ap¸f ^ a^®f qfX$L$i_ A¡ÞX$
rgrdV$¡i_ Ap¸a õV²$¡V$¡rS>L$ Ap¸a¡qÞkh Apçk® k„r^ A„sN®s
`p¡sp_p `fdpÏ lrepf Ap¡R>p L$fu füp R>¡.
Ø Ap kp¡ L$p_|_uê$`¡ `fdpÏ lrepf dpÞesp âpá `p„Q v$¡i
Qu_, äp„k, friep, e|.L$¡., Ad¡rfL$pA¡ _hp `fdpÏ lrepf
rhsfZ âZpgu L$¡ A¡hu bpbsp¡ dpV$¡ L$pe®¾$dp¡_u Op¡jZp
L$f¡gu R>¡.
Ø qhi¡jo kv$õep¡dp„ A¡L$ Dcfsu Apd kldsu b_u R>¡ L$¡,
DÑf L$p¡qfepA¡ Aë` rhL$rks `fdpÏ rhõap¡V$L$ D`L$fZp¡u
AgN _p_u k„¿epdp„ `fdpÏ lrepf_y„ DÐ`pv$_ L$ey® R>¡.

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep 12
rblpf_p `V$Zp il¡f Mps¡
` S|>__p fp¡S> fpS>e_p
èp®hfZ A_¡ h_
rhcpN_p klep¡Nu
Apep¡rS>s gp¡L$p`®Z
kdpfp¡ldp„ kprlÐe
dlp¡Ðkh Üpfp L$rh A_¡
NusL$pf NygTpf Üpfp
gurMs `yõsL$ "N°u_
`p¡eçk'_y„ rhdp¡Q_
L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy. L$qhsp ê$`¡ gMpe¡g Ap `yõsL$_y„ âL$pi_ "`¡NyB_ BqÞX$ep' Üpfp
sp A„N°¡Æ A_yhpv$ k¡hp r_h©s fpS>_preL$ `h_ L$¡. hdp®A¡ L$ep£ lsp¡.
k„h¡v$_iug g¡ML$ NygTpf¡ Ap `yõsL$dp„ kdõs L$pe_ps_¡ Ly$v$fs sfau dm¡gu
AZdp¡g c¡V$ S>¡hu L$¡ S„>Ngp¡, `lpX$p¡, bfa, _v$uAp¡, hjp®, hpv$m, ApL$pi, ^fsu A_¡
A„sqfn_¡ `p¡sp_p iåv$p¡dp„ Y$pýep R>¡. `yõsL$dp„ `p¡sp_u Ap¡mM dyS>b_p A¡L$ h©n
A_¡ Dˆ$X$ Ly$hp rhj¡ `Z S>Zphhpdp„ Apìey R>¡. A¡ rkhpe Ly$ëgy, d_pgu, Q„bp A_¡
t`|_¡ `Z `p¡sp_p g¡M_p¡ rlõkp¡ b_pìep R>¡.
hX$pâ^p_ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$uA¡ v$¡i_p rhL$pk_p k„b„^dp„ bl¡sf
_ursAp¡_p r_dp®Zdp„ rhi¡jop¡ A_¡ byqÂ^ÆhuAp¡_¡ kgpl Ap`hp
Aùg L$fu_¡ v$¡i_p rhL$pk_¡ faspf Ap`hp A_¡ s¡_¡ k„b„r^s bl¡sf
_urs b_php `f cpf Apàep¡ lsp¡. s¡dS> DÅ® S>ê$fuepsp¡_u `|s} L$fhp
kp¥f DÅ®_p DÐ`pv$_ h^pfhp A_¡ il¡fu L$fZ_¡ kdõep ê$`¡ Å¡hp_¡
bv$g¡ Ahkf sfuL$¡ Å¡hp Aùg L$fu lsu.
`p¡sp_p kfL$pfu q_hpk 7 Apf.ku.Apf. `f rhh¡L$ v$¡bfp¡e krls
AÞe rhi¡jop¡ Üpfp k„`pqv$s `yõsL$ "N¡qV„$N BqÞX$ep b¢L$ Ap¸_ V²$¡L$ :
A¡_ A¡L$i_ A¡S>ÞX$p ap¸f qfap¡çk®'_y„ gp¡L$p`®Z Ley® lsy .`yõsL$_y„
âp¼_ fs_ V$pV$pA¡ g¿ey R>¡.
`yõsL$dp„ dpB¾$p¡BL$p¡_p¸rd¼k [õfsp_u v$¡Mf¡L$, L©$rj A_¡ Ål¡f
rhsfZ âZpgudp„ ky^pfp¡, rhr_dp®Z _urs `f afu QQp® L$fhu,
fp¡S>Npf kS®>_, rinZ A_¡ L$p¥ig rhL$pk, il¡fuL$fZ A_¡ c|rd
âb„^_dp„ _hu_uL$fZ, S>m âb„^_ A_¡ _hu DÅ® _ursAp¡ sp d|ëe
r_^p®fZdp„ ky^pfp¡, èp®hfZ âb„^_ S>¡hu bpbsp¡ rhj¡ QQp® L$fhpdp„
Aphu R>¡.
bp¸guhyX$dp„ V²$¡S>¡X$u qL„$N_p _pdu dil|f raëd Arc_¡sp
qv$gu`Ly$dpf_u Æh_L$p "kåõV$p„k A¡ÞX$ i¡X$p¡'_y„ gp¡L$p`®Z
10 S|__p fp¡S> Ardspc bÃQ_ A_¡ Apduf Mp_ Üpfp
k„eyL$s fus¡ dy„bB Mps¡ L$fhpdp„ Apìey.
qv$gu`Ly$dpf_p `pqfhpqfL$ rdÓ Dv$e spfp _pef Üpfp
gurMs Ap `yõsL$dp„ qv$gu`Ly$dpf_p bpm`Z, L$pfqL®$v$u,
`qfhpf A_¡ Æh__p Dspf, QX$ph S>¡hu bpbsp¡ krls
fpS>L$`yf, v$¡hAp_„v$, d^ybpgp rhi¡ QQp® L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.
`yõsL$_p gp¡L$p`®Z âk„N¡ qv$gu`Ly$dpf_p `qÐ_
kpefpbp_y, ^d£ÞÖ, L$fZ Å¡lf krls_u lõsuAp¡ lpS>f flu
lsu. L$pe®¾$d_u fS|>Aps L$fZ Å¡lf¡ sp qv$gu`Ly$dpf_u
ip_dp„ õhf L$p¡qL$gp gsp d„N¡iL$f¡ `p¡sp_u AhpS>_p¡ Åvy$
s¡dS `yõsL$_p Ad|L$ A„ip¡_¡ Ardspc bÃQ_¡ hp„Qu_¡
k„cmpìep lsp.
S>epf¡ qv$gu`Ly$dpf `f âky_ Å¡iuA¡ gM¡gu L$rhsp
ApdufMp_¡ hp„Qu k„cmphu lsu. rld¡_ ^d£ÞÖA¡
qv$gu`Ly$dpf kp¡_p k„õdfZp¡ spTp L$fu_¡ X$pÞk L$ep£ lsp¡.
qv$gu`Ly$dpf_y d|m _pd
dp¡lçdv$ e|kyaMp_ R>¡. s¡dZ¡
`p¡sp_y raëdu _pd qv$gu`Ly$dpf
fp¿ey R>¡. `p¡sp_u R> v$kL$p_u
gp„bu L$pfqL®$v$udp„ s¡dZ¡ d^ydrs,
dyNg-A¡-ApTd, N„Np-S>dy_p,
fpd Ap¥f íepd, L$dp®, rh^psp,
dipg, kp¥v$pNf S>¡hu Ak„¿e
rlV$ raëdp¡ Apù R>¡. s¡d_u
A„rsd raëd B.k.1998dp„
Aph¡gu "qL$gp' lsu.
qv$gu`Ly$dpf B.k.1991
`Ú c|jZ, B.k.1994dp„
v$pv$p kpl¡b apmL$¡ `yfõL$pfu
kçdpr_s B Q|L$ep R>¡.
"N°u_ `p¡eçk' - NygTpf
gurMs `yõsL$_y„ rhdp¡Q_
"N¡qV„$N BqÞX$ep b¥L$ Ap¸_ V²$¡L$'
_urs r_^p®fL$p¡,qhÜhp_p¡_¡ k„L$V$N°õs v$¡i_¡ ìep`L$ A_¡ ìehlpqfL$ fus¡ kdS>hp dpV$¡
iqL$sipmu D`L$fZ âv$p_ L$fsu A_¡ Brslpk, kdpS>ip÷, ^prd®L$ AÂee_,
Ap„sffpô²$ue k„b„^p¡_p kprlÐe_p dpÂedu `pqL$õsp__u Akyfnp_u vy$v®$ip `f ìep`L$
`Z¡ QQp® L$fsu `yõsL$ "hp¡qfef õV$¡V$ : `pqõL$õsp_ B_ ^ L$p¸ÞV$¡ç`p¡ffu hëX®$' cpfs_p
D`fpô²$`rs A¡d.lqdv$ A„kpfu kdn 13 S|>_¡ fS|> L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. Ap¸L$kap¡X®$
e|r_hrk®V$u â¡k, Þe|ep¡L®$ Üpfp âL$pris Ap `yõsL$ ÅÞeyApfu f014dp„ gp¢Q B lsu.
`yõsL$_p g¡ML$ V$u.hu. `p¸g R>¡. S>¡Ap¡ d¥L$rNg e|r_hrk®V$u (dp¸qÞV²$eg, L$¡_¡X$p)_p
fpS>_ursL$ rhop__p âp¸a¡kf R>¡.
ÅÞeyApfu f013 u d¡ f014_p
aõV®$ rkV$uT_ rij®L$ õs„c A„sN®s
"^ huL$'dp„ âL$pris g¡Mp¡_y„ k„L$g_
v$ip®hsu L$p¡au V$¡bg byL$ "aõV®$
rkV$uT_ : fpô²$`rs ch_dp„ âZh
dyMÆ®'_y„ rhdp¡Q_ f Sy>gpB
f014_p fp¡S> _hu qv$ëlu Mps¡
fpô²$`rs ch_dp„ A¡L$ kdpfp¡l
v$fqdep_ ey lsy. `yõsL$_u âd âs fpô²$`rsA¡ âpá L$fu lsu.
`yõsL$_¡ "^ huL'$ `qÓL$p Üpfp âL$pris L$fhpdp„ Apìey lsy. s¡_„y rhdp¡Q_
X$p¸.L$Z®tkl¡ L$ey® lsy.
`yõsL$dp„ fpô²$`rs_p v$¡i rhv$¡i_p âhpkp¡, fpô²$`rs ch__p v$fhpÅ
kpdpÞe _pNqfL$p¡ dpV$¡ Mp¡ghp_u L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gu _hu `l¡g sp â¡kuX$¡Þku,
fkp¡B A_¡ AÞe gp¡L$p¡ kp¡ Å¡X$pe¡g kdpfp¡l kpd¡g R>¡.
`yõsL$dp„ Ap `l¡gp fpô²$`rs ch_ k„N°lu `|h£ fpô²$`rs_u Arcg¡Mue
sõhufp¡ L$epf¡e Å¡hp dmu _ lsu. qv$gQõ` kdpQpfp¡_u dprlsu_p Vy$L$X$pAp¡ `Z
`yõsL$dp„ kpd¡g R>¡.
"aõV®$ rkV$uT_' : fpô²$`rs ch_dp„
âZh dyMÆ®" - L$p¡au V$¡bg byL$
"hp¡qfef õV$¡V$ : `pqL$õsp_ B_ ^ L$p¸ÞV$¡ç`p¡ffu hëX®$'
qv$ëlu il¡f_ A¡L$ AgN âL$pf¡ âõsys
L$fsy, S>¡_¡ hpQL$p¡A¡ Ap `l¡gp L$p¡B
D`Þepkdp„ _p dpÎey lp¡e: A¡L$ A¡hy il¡f S>¡
tlkp, ¾$p¡^ A_¡ c°ô$pQpfu cf¡gy `X$¡gy lp¡e.
- v$uqàsL$`|f Üpfp fQpe¡gy D`Þepk "A
b¡X$ L$¡f¡L$V$f' Ap¡Nô$ f014dp„ âL$pris i¡.
Ap D`Þepk B^p _pd_u eyhp drlgp_u
BÃR>p_u L$lp_u v$ip®h¡ R>¡. A¡f¡ÞS> rhhpl A_¡
dÂed hN® Üpfp âv$p_ su kyfnpdp„u bQu_¡
cpNu r_L$m¡ R>¡ Ðepfbpv$ s¡ A¡L$ L$qfídpB A_¡
Msf_pL$ eyhL$ kp¡ ApL$qõdL$ fus¡ dm¡ R>¡.
`qfZpd¡ S>ëv$u fp¡dp„Qu AhNs pe R>¡.
"A b¥X$ L$¡f¡L$V$f' "ågX$ ae|X$'
A¡X$hX®$ L$g¡_ Üpfp gMhpdp„ Aph¡gu `yõsL$
ågX$ ae|X$ : Ap¡bpdp rhê$Â^ qL$g„V$_'_¡ f¡‚¡fu
`qågtiN lpDk Üpfp âL$pris L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.
Ap `yõsL$ vy$íd_u, Bjp®, Ad¡qfL$p_p b¡ kp¥u
iqL$sipmu fpS>_ursL$ Å¡X$u hÃQ¡_u ârsõ`^p®
rhj¡ S>Zphpey R>¡. Ap `yõsL$ bfpL$ Ap¡bpdp A_¡
rL$g„V$_ hÃQ¡ b„^ Ap¡fX$pdp„ k¢L$X$p¡ b¡W$L$p¡ A_¡
kpnpÐL$pf_p k„b„^p¡ `f Ap^pqfs R>¡¡. `yõsLdp„$
rlg¡fu qL$g„V$__p Apfp¡Áe rhj¡ `Z QQp® L$fhpdp„
Aphu R>¡.
12

L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep
B.k.1944dp„ õ`pe¡gp¡ d|rs®v$¡hu `yfõL$pf cpfsue op_ùW$ krdrs
Üpfp âv$p_ sp¡ âqs›$us kprlÐe `yfõL$pf R>¡. Ap `yfõL$pf A„sN®s b¡
gpM_u fp¡L$X$, âiqõs`Ó, ârsL$ rQÞl A_¡ hpÁv$¡hu_u ârsdp A¡_pes pe
R>¡.
cpfsue op_ùW$ krdrsA¡ 13 S|>_ f014_p fp¡S> hj® f013_p Ap
`yfõL$pf dpV$¡ h¥opr_L$ kp¡ g¡ML$ fl¡gp fp^pL©$óZ_ _pd_u Op¡jZp L$fu R>¡.
fp^pL©$óZ_ s¡d_y„ gurMs dgepgu D`Þepk "rL$L$pv$g L$ps_ly
rê$d^yfd' bv$g d|rs®v$¡hu `yfõL$pf A¡_pes i¡. Ap D`Þepk "dgepgd
cpjp_p r`sp' L$l¡hpsp V$u.fpdp_yS>_ Ap Æh_ `f Ap^pqfs R>¡.
cpfsue rhdp_`Ñ_ âpr^L$fZ (A¡.A¡.ApB.)
A¡f_p¸qV$L$g A¡fp¡õ`¡k rhop__p n¡Ó¡ DÐL©$óV$ ep¡Nv$p_ A_¡
D`gqåÂp¡ dpV$¡ âÐe¡L$ hj¡® fpô²$ue `yfõL$pf âv$p_ L$f¡ R>¡.
A¡fp¡_p¡qV$Lg kp¡kpeV$u Ap¸¸a BqÞX$ep Üpfp âv$p_ sp Ap
`yfõL$pfp¡dp„ cpfs fÐ_ S>¡.Apf.X$u. spsp `yfõL$pf rkrhg
A¡rhA¡i__p n¡Ódp„ DÐL©$ô$ ep¡Nv$p_ L$f_pf ìeqL$sAp¡_¡ âv$p_
L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.hj® f013dp„ Ap `yfõL$pf bv$g A¡.A¡.ApB._p
kv$õe hu.kp¡dpky„v$fd (A¡f _¡rhN¡i_ krh®kuT)_¡ 9 S|>__p
fp¡S> A¡fp¡_p¸qV$L$g A¡fõ`¡kdp„ rhop__p n¡Ódp„ kyQ_p, v$nsp
sp A¡f õ`¡k_u ndsp rhõspf n¡Ódp„ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gp L$pep£
bv$g kçdpq_s L$fhpdp„ Apìep.
gyBrkep_p_p b¥V$_ ê$S> rkrhL$ k¡ÞV$f Mps¡ 8 S|>__p fp¡S>
rdk _¡hpX$p r_ep kp„Q¡S>_¡ rdk e|.A¡k.A¡. f014_p¡ spT hj®
f013_u rhS>¡sp A¡qf_ b°¡X$u Üpfp `l¡fphhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡.
r_ep kp„Q¡S> rdk e|.A¡k.A¡. kp¦v$e® ârsep¡rNsp_u 63du
rhS>¡sp R>¡. s¡ ApNpdu rdk e|r_hk® ârsep¡rNspdp„ Ad¡qfL$p_y„
ârsr_r^Ðh L$fi¡.
r_ep kp„Q¡S>¡ Ad¡qfL$p_p v$f¡L$ fpS>ep¡_u Ly$g `0 S>¡V$gu
ârsõ`^} ky„v$fuAp¡ sp L$p¡g„rbep_u ky„v$fu_¡ lpf Apù lsu.
Ap ârsep¡rNspdp„ âd D` rhS>¡sp rdk _p¡® X$L$p¡V$p Ap¸X²$p
dpfu füp lsp. f4 hrj®e r_ep kp„Q¡S> gpk h¡Npk_u R>¡ A_¡
speL$hp¡X$p¡_p L$p¡qfepB dpi®g ApV®$dp„ Qpf qX$N°u åg¡L$ b¡ëV$
^fph¡ R>¡.
rdk ey.A¡k.A¡.-f014 sfuL$¡ r_ep kp„Q¡S>
fp¸g Ap¸a A¡L$kg¢k `yfõL$pf
fpÆh Np„û Ap„sffpô²$ue
A¡f`p¡V®$ rhS>¡sp
v$rnZ L$p¡qfep_p rkep¡g Mps¡ Ap„sffpô²$ue A¡f`p¡V®$ `qfjv$
(A¡.ku.ApB.) Üpfp cpfs_p l¥v$fpbpv$ Mps¡_p fpÆh Np„û
Ap„sffpô²$ue A¡f`p¡V®$_¡ "fp¡g Ap¡a A¡L$kgÞk' `yfõL$pf âpá ep¡
lsp¡. fpÆh Np„û A¡f`p¡V®$_¡ AdyL$ î¡ZuAp¡dp„ gNpspf `p„Q hj®
vy$r_ep_p A¡f`p¡V®$dp„ V$p¡Q_p ÓZdp„ õp_ dýey R>¡. s¡dS> hj®
f013dp„ `-1` rdrge_ epqÓL$p¡_u î¡Zudp„ A¡f`p¡V®$_p¡ buÅ¡ kp¥u
kpfu k¡hp NyZhÑp `yfõL$pf d¡mìep¡ lsp¡. Ap A¡f`p¡V£ ` `¥L$u 4.80
A„L$ âpá L$ep® lsp. S>epf¡ hj® f01fdp„ 4.71 A„L$ âpá L$ep® lsp. A¡
rkhpe vy$r_epdp„ kp¥u kpfu k¡¡hp_u NyZhÑp âv$pspAp¡dp„ qv$ëlu_y„
BqÞv$fp Np„û Ap„sffpô²$ue A¡f`p¡V®$ buÅ õp_ `f R>¡ A_¡ dy„bB_y„
R>Ó`rs rihpÆ Ap„sffpô²$ue A¡f`p¡V®$ `p„Qdp„ õp_¡ füy lsy.
A¡k.ku.ApB.
Ap„sffpô²$ue A¡f`p¡V® `qfjv$ (A¡k.ku.ApB.)
A¡f`p¡V®$_y„ A¡L$ h¥[ðL$ A¡L$d R>¡. S>¡ kfL$pfu A_¡
Ap„sffpô²$ue k„NW$_p¡ kp¡ s¡d_p rlsp¡_„y ârsr_r^Ðh
L$f¡ R>¡. S>¡ A„sN®s 174 v$¡ip¡_p 1,7`1 A¡f`p¡V®$_¡ kpd¡g
L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gp R>¡.
cp¥rsL$ h¥opr_L$ `°p¸.s¡rS„>v$f qhv$} "_pBV$
b¡Qgf kçdp_' u `yfõL©$s"gpS®> l¥X²$p¡_ L$p¡gpBX$f' `f L$f¡gp L$pep£ bv$g ÅZusp
s¡dS> L$p¸ç`¥L$V$ çe|Ap¡_ kp¡g¡_p¡eX$ (ku.A¡d.A¡k.) qfkQ®
n¡Ó¡ dlÐh`|Z® ep¡Nv$p_ Ap`_pf cpfsue dym_p A_¡
rb°V$__p kp¥u ârs[›$s cp¥rsL$ h¥opr_L$p¡ `¥L$u_p âp¸.s¡rS„>v$f
hv$}_¡ "_pBV$ b¡Qfg kçdp_'u kçdpr_s L$fhpdp„ Apìep
lsp. Ap kÞdp_ kp¡ S> s¡Ap¡ A_¡ s¡d_p klep¡Nu V$p¸d
qL$åbg "_pBV$¹k lyX$' b_u Nep R>¡.
rb°V$__p dlpfpZu A¡rgTpb¡-f _p S>Þdqv$_ `f fS|
e¡gu kçdpr_sp¡_u k|Qu 13 S|>_¡ Åfu B lsu. Ap k|Qu
A_ykpf âp¸.s¡rS„>v$f qhv$} kp¡ AÞe cpfsue d|m ^fphsp
h¥opr_L$ A_y`d Ap¡Tp_¡ "Ap¡X®$f Ap¸a rb°qV$i A¡ç`pef'
kÞdp_u kçdpr_s L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp.
âp¸.s¡rS„>v$fqhv$}L$p¸ç`¡L$V$ çe|Ap¡_ kp¡g¡_p¡eX$
(ku.A¡d.A¡k.) qfkQ® n¡Ó¡
âep¡N A„sN®s rS>_¡hp Mps¡
e¡gp "gpS®> l¥X²$p¡_ L$p¡gpBX$f'dp„
ApqÎhL$ cp¥rsL$_p n¡Ó¡ kpfp
A¡hp `qfZpdp¡ âpá ep lsp.
S>¡dp„ ql„ÁT bp¡Tp¡_ L$¡ N¸p¡X$
`pqV®$L$g_u Ac|s`|h® ip¡^ kpd¡g
lsu. Np¡X®$ `pqV®$L$g L$p¡B`Z
AÏdp„ cpf `¡v$p L$f¡ R>¡.
A¡f`p¡V®$ L$pDqÞkg BÞV$f_¡i_g (A¡.ku.ApB.)_u L$p¡qfep_p
rkep¡g Mps¡ Apep¡rS>s 9du b¡W$L$dp„ kp¥u kpfp A¡f`p¡V®$_u î¡Zudp„
lhpB k¡hp NyZhÑp (A¡.A¡k.L$ey) `yfõL$pf L$p¡gL$Ñp A¡f`p¡V®$_¡
A¡_pes L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. S>¡_p¡ A¡f`p¡V®$_p X$pef¡L$V$f
bu.ù.idp®A¡ õhuL$pf L$ep£ lsp¡. Ap `yfõL$pf î¡Zudp„ A¡hp A¡f`p¡V®$_¡
kpd¡g L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp L$¡, S>¡_¡ hj® f01f A_¡ f013 hÃQ¡
f¡qV„$Ndp„ dp¡V$p¡ ky^pfp¡ L$ep¡® lp¡e.A¡.A¡k.L$ey. `yfõL$pfp¡_u Qpf î¡Zu
S>¡hu L$¡, kp¥u kpê$ A¡f`p¡V®$, ApL$pf A_ykpf kp¥u kpê$ A¡f`p¡V®$, _p_y
A¡f`p¡V®$ A_¡ b¡õV$ Hâyhd¡ÞV$ R>¡.
krh®kL$hp¸rgV$u`yfõL$pf-L$p¡gL$ÑpA¡f`p¡V®$
hu.kp¡dpky„v$fd cpfs fÐ_ S>¡.Apf.X$u.
V$pV$p `yfõL$pfu kçdpr_sõhfpS> `p¸g gpBa
V$pBd AQhud¢V$
`yfõL$pfu kçdpr_s
AN°Zu A¡_.Apf.ApB. DÛp¡N`rs gp¡X®$ õhfpS>
`p¡g_¡ 13 S|>__p fp¡S> rb°V$¡_ Ap^pfus ìep`pf k„O
Üpfp gpBaV$pBd AQuhd¡ÞV$ `yfõL$pfu kçdpr_s
L$fhpdp„ Apìep. Ap `yfõL$pf s¡d_¡ h¡X$_¡k`fu_p h¡õV$
rdX$g¥X$¹kdp„ ågp¡L$ L„$V²$u A¡riepB ìep`pf
A¡kp¡rkA¡i__p hprj®L$ `yfõL$pfdp„ DÛp¡N, rinL$ A_¡
ragp°¡ùdp„ DÑd ep¡Nv$p_ bv$g âv$p_ ep¡ lsp¡.
d¥L$b°pBX$¡ Ap `yõsf f7 hj®_u he¡ gMu lsu. s¡d_¡ A¡L$ v$iL$ bpv$ âL$piL$ dýep lsp. N¥gu b¥Nf â¡k¡ s¡d_¡ 600
e|fp¡_u QyL$hZu buÆ `yõsL$ dpV$¡ L$fu lsu.
Ap `yõsL$ A¡L$ dqlgp_u `p¡sp_p cpB kp¡_p k„b„^p¡_u A¡L$ L$lp_u R>¡. S>¡ Apefg¡ÞX$dp„ ^prd®L$ A_¡ ep¥_
ip¡jZ_u riL$pf R>¡.
Apeqfi g¡ML$ A¡rdef d¥L$b°pBX$
"b¡guS> âpBT ap¸f raL$i_' rhS>¡sp ep
Apeqfi g¡ML$ A¡rdef d¥L$b°pBX$ `p¡sp_ âd D`Þepk "A Ng® BT A lpa ap¡d®X$ q„N' bv$g 4 S>|__p fp¡S>
b¡guS> âpBT raL$i_ rhS>¡sp ep lsp.
b¡guS> rhd¡Þk `°pBT-f014 dpV$¡_u ip¡V®$rgõV$ e¡gu epv$u
Ty„`p gprlX$u_p "^ gp¡g¡ÞX$' kqls Ap `yfõL$pf dpV$¡ AÞe `yõsL$p¡ QudpdpÞv$p _Np¡Æ Aqv$Qu_y„
"Ad¡qfL$p_pl', lp_p L$¡ÞV$_y„ "b°|A¡g fpBV$¹k' Ap¸X²$¡ dpNu_y„ "^ AÞX$f V$¡qL„$N', A¡df d¥L$b°pBX$_y„ "A Ng® BT
A lpa ap¸çX®$ tN', X$p¡Þ_p V$pË$p®'_y„ "^ Np¡ëX$taQ' `k„v$ ep_u Op¡jZp 8 A¡râg¡ L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. S>¡dpu
rhS>¡sp _pf_u Op¡jZp g„X$_ Mps¡ 4 S|>_ f014_p fp¡S> L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡.
B.k.1996dp„ drlgpAp¡ Üpfp guqMs Ap„sffpô²$ue raL$i__¡ âp¡Ðkplus L$fhp_p l¡syu Ap `yfõL$pf_u
iê$Aps L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. Ap `yfõL$pf rb°V$__p¡ A¡hp¡ A¡L$dpÓ hprj®L$ `yfõL$pf R>¡ S>¡ drlgp L$pë`r_L$
L$pL$pfp¡_¡ âv$p_ pe R>¡.
âÐe¡L$ hj£ Ap `yfõL$pf vy$r_epcf_u drlgp g¡qML$pAp¡_¡ DÐL©$ô$sp, dp¥rgL$sp A_¡ `lp¢Q_¡ DÐkh_u S>¡d
d_phu_¡ rhS>¡sp_¡ N°uS>¡g r_h¡_ Üpfp b_phpe¡gy L$p„kp_y„ ârsL$ rQÞl b¡fku âv$p_ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. kp¡
fp¡L$X$ fL$d_p¡ Q¡L$ `Z A`®Z pe R>¡. Ap `yfõLpf `l¡gp "Ap¸f¡ÞS> âpBT' _p _pdu `Z ÅZusp¡ lsp¡.
B.k.1996 (âd `yfõL$pf) - A õ`¡g Ap¸a thV$f (l¡g_ Xy$_dp¡_
B.k.1997 (buÅ¡ `yfõL$pf)-L$e|rNqV$h ùk¡k (A¡_u dpBL$ëk)
B.k.f010 - ^ gpLy$_p (bpfbfp qL„$N õgp¡hf)
B.k.2011-^ V$pBNk® hpBa (V$u Ap¡bf¡V$)
B.k.f01f - ^ kp¢N Ap¸a AL$uguT (d¡X$rg_ rdgf)
B.k.f013 - hu.bu. ap¸fNuh_ (A¡.A¡Q. lp¡çk)
b¡guS> rhd¡Þk âpBT ap¸f raL$i_ rhj¡
`yfõL$pf_p L$¡V$gpL$ `|h® rhS>¡spAp¡_u k|rQ
`yõsL$ rhj¡ :
d|s}v$¡hu `yfõL$pf-f013 bv$g h¥opr_L$ A_¡
g¡ML$ fp^pL©$óZ__p _pd_u Ål¡fps
L$ep D`Þepk bv$g dmi¡ `yfõL$pf ?
lphX®$ e|r_hrk®V$u_u 363du hj®Np„W$ v$frdep_ lphX®$ R>pÓ k„O_u
hprj®L$ b¡W$L$dp„ âqsq›$s lphX®$ d¡X$g `°pá L$f_pf sfuL$¡ drlÞÖp N©`_p
Ap_„v$ drlÞÖp âd ìeqL$s bÞep R>¡. s¡d_¡ Ap `yfõL$pf dpV$¡ e|r_hrk®V$u
ârs kd`®Z, Dv$pfsp A_¡ k¡hp bv$g `k„v$ L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp. s¡Ap¡ Ap
e|r_hrk®V$u_p c|s`|h® rh^p} R>¡.
lphX®$ d¡X$g âpá L$f_pf âd
ìeqL$s Ap_„v$ drlÞÖp
v$rnZ ApräL$p_p dlp_ _¡sp _¡ëk_ d„X$¡gp_p kÞdp_dp„ k„eyL$s fpô²$
dlpk„^ Üpfp "ey_pBV$¡X$ _¡i„k _¡ëk_ fp¡rlëgplp d„X$¡gp âpBT' iê$ L$fhp
Op¡jZp B R>¡. S>¡_u iê$Aps 30 _h¡çbf 2014 bpv$ i¡.
_¡ëk_d„X¡gp_pkçdp_dp„k„eyL$sfpô²$A¡hp¡X®$A`pi¡
"_¡ëk_ d„X$¡gp_¡ Ap`Zu kh®î¡›$ îÂ^p„S>gu iåv$p¡ L$¡
kdpfp¡l Üpfp _u Apù iL$psu bëL$¡ s¡ dipg_¡ ApNm gB
S>B_¡ Apù iL$pe R>¡, S>¡ s¡dZ¡ Ap`Zp lpdp„ Apù lsu.'
- bp_ L$u d|_
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