These are questions and answers all of them have the right answers, I need you to paraphrase and shorten the answers as possible but not to lose the significant information.  2-Why do you suppose it is much easier to add tubulin to existing microtubules than to start a new microtubule from scratch? Explain how γ-tubulin in the centrosome helps to overcome this hurdle Two tubulin dimers have a lower affinity for each other (because of a more limited number of interaction sites) than a tubulin dimer has for the end of a microtubule (where there are multiple possible interaction sites, both end-to-end of tubulin dimers adding to a protofilament and side-to-side of the tubulin dimers interacting with tubulin subunits in adjacent protofilaments forming the ringlike cross section). Thus, to initiate a microtubule from scratch, enough tubulin dimers have to come together and remain bound to one another for long enough for other tubulin molecules to add to them. Only when a number of tubulin dimers have already assembled will the binding of the next subunit be favored. The formation of these initial “nucleating sites” is therefore rare and will not occur spontaneously at cellular concentrations of tubulin. Centrosomes contain preassembled rings of γ-tubulin (in which the γ-tubulin subunits are held together in much tighter side-to-side interactions than αβ-tubulin can form) to which αβ-tubulin dimers can bind. The binding conditions of αβ-tubulin dimers resemble those of adding to the end of an assembled microtubule. The γ-tubulin rings in the centrosome can therefore be thought of as permanently preassembled nucleation sites. 3- Dynamic instability causes microtubules either to grow or to shrink rapidly. Consider an individual microtubule that is in its shrinking phase. A. What must happen at the end of the microtubule in order for it to stop shrinking and to start growing again? The microtubule is shrinking because it has lost its GTP cap, i.e., the tubulin subunits at its end are all in their GDP-bound form. GTP-loaded tubulin subunits from solution will still add to this end, but they will be short-lived—either because they hydrolyze their GTP or because they fall off as the microtubule rim around them disassembles. If, however, enough GTP-loaded subunits are added quickly enough to cover up the GDPcontaining tubulin subunits at the microtubule end, a new GTP cap can form and regrowth is favored. B. How would a change in the tubulin concentration affect this switch? The rate of addition of GTP-tubulin will be greater at higher tubulin concentrations. The frequency with which shrinking microtubules switch to the growing mode will therefore increase with increasing tubulin concentration. The consequence of this regulation is that the system is self-balancing: the more microtubules shrink (resulting in a higher concentration of free tubulin), the more frequently microt.

1. These are questions and answers all of them have the right
answers, I need you to paraphrase and shorten the answers as
possible but not to lose the significant information.
2-Why do you suppose it is much easier to add tubulin to
existing microtubules than to start a new microtubule from
scratch? Explain how γ-tubulin in the centrosome helps to
overcome this hurdle
Two tubulin dimers have a lower affinity for each other
(because of a more limited number of interaction sites) than a
tubulin dimer has for the end of a microtubule (where there are
multiple possible interaction sites, both end-to-end of tubulin
dimers adding to a protofilament and side-to-side of the tubulin
dimers interacting with tubulin subunits in adjacent
protofilaments forming the ringlike cross section). Thus, to
initiate a microtubule from scratch, enough tubulin dimers have
to come together and remain bound to one another for long
enough for other tubulin molecules to add to them. Only when a
number of tubulin dimers have already assembled will the
binding of the next subunit be favored. The formation of these
initial “nucleating sites” is therefore rare and will not occur
spontaneously at cellular concentrations of tubulin.
Centrosomes contain preassembled rings of γ-tubulin (in which
the γ-tubulin subunits are held together in much tighter side-to-
side interactions than αβ-tubulin can form) to which αβ-tubulin
dimers can bind. The binding conditions of αβ-tubulin dimers
resemble those of adding to the end of an assembled
microtubule. The γ-tubulin rings in the centrosome can
therefore be thought of as permanently preassembled nucleation
sites.
3- Dynamic instability causes microtubules either to grow or to
shrink rapidly. Consider an individual microtubule that is in its

2. shrinking phase.
A. What must happen at the end of the microtubule in order for
it to stop shrinking and to start growing again?
The microtubule is shrinking because it has lost its GTP cap,
i.e., the tubulin subunits at its end are all in their GDP-bound
form. GTP-loaded tubulin subunits from solution will still add
to this end, but they will be short-lived—either because they
hydrolyze their GTP or because they fall off as the microtubule
rim around them disassembles. If, however, enough GTP-loaded
subunits are added quickly enough to cover up the
GDPcontaining tubulin subunits at the microtubule end, a new
GTP cap can form and regrowth is favored.
B. How would a change in the tubulin concentration affect this
switch?
The rate of addition of GTP-tubulin will be greater at higher
tubulin concentrations. The frequency with which shrinking
microtubules switch to the growing mode will therefore increase
with increasing tubulin concentration. The consequence of this
regulation is that the system is self-balancing: the more
microtubules shrink (resulting in a higher concentration of free
tubulin), the more frequently microtubules will start to grow
again. Conversely, the more microtubules grow, the lower the
concentration of free tubulin will become and the rate of GTP-
tubulin addition will slow down; at some point GTP hydrolysis
will catch up with new GTP-tubulin addition, the GTP cap will
be destroyed, and the microtubule will switch to the shrinking
mode.
C. What would happen if only GDP, but no GTP, were present
in the solution? If only GDP were present, microtubules would
continue to shrink and eventually disappear, because tubulin
dimers with GDP have very low affinity for each other and will
not add stably to microtubules.
D. What would happen if the solution contained an analog of
GTP that cannot be hydrolyzed?
If GTP is present but cannot be hydrolyzed, microtubules will
continue to grow until all free tubulin subunits have been used

3. up.
11- Which of the following statements are correct? Explain your
answers.
A. Kinesin moves endoplasmic reticulum membranes along
microtubules so that the network of ER tubules becomes
stretched throughout the cell.
True. A continual outward movement of ER is required; in the
absence of microtubules, the ER collapses toward the center of
the cell.
B. Without actin, cells can form a functional mitotic spindle and
pull their chromosomes apart but cannot divide.
True. Actin is needed to make the contractile ring that causes
the physical cleavage between the two daughter cells, whereas
the mitotic spindle that partitions the chromosomes is composed
of microtubules.
C. Lamellipodia and filopodia are “feelers” that a cell extends
to find anchor points on the substratum that it will then crawl
over.
True. Both extensions are associated with transmembrane
proteins that protrude from the plasma membrane and enable the
cell to form new anchor points on the substratum.
D. GTP is hydrolyzed by tubulin to cause the bending of
flagella.
False. To cause bending, ATP is hydrolyzed by the dynein
motor proteins that are attached to the outer microtubules in the
flagellum.
E. Cells having an intermediate-filament network that cannot be
depolymerized would die.
False. Cells could not divide without rearranging their
intermediate filaments, but many terminally differentiated and
long-lived cells, such as nerve cells, have stable intermediate
filaments that are not known to depolymerize.
F. The plus ends of microtubules grow faster because they have

4. a larger GTP cap.
False. The rate of growth is independent of the size of the GTP
cap. The plus and minus ends have different growth rates
because they have physically distinct binding sites for the
incoming tubulin subunits; the rate of addition of tubulin
subunits differs at the two ends.
17-The drug Taxol, extracted from the bark of yew trees, has an
opposite effect to the drug colchicine, an alkaloid from autumn
crocus. Taxol binds tightly to microtubules and stabilizes them;
when added to cells, it causes much of the free tubulin to
assemble into microtubules. In contrast, colchicine prevents
microtubule formation. Taxol is just as pernicious to dividing
cells as colchicine, and both are used as anticancer drugs. Based
on your knowledge of microtubule dynamics, suggest why both
drugs are toxic to dividing cells despite their opposite actions.
Cell division depends on the ability of microtubules both to
polymerize and to depolymerize. This is most obvious when one
considers that the formation of the mitotic spindle requires the
prior depolymerization of other cellular microtubules to free up
the tubulin required to build the spindle. This rearrangement is
not possible in Taxol-treated cells, whereas in colchicine-
treated cells, division is blocked because a spindle cannot be
assembled. On a more subtle but no less important level, both
drugs block the dynamic instability of microtubules and would
therefore interfere with the workings of the mitotic spindle,
even if one could be properly assembled.
21-The locomotion of fibroblasts in culture is immediately
halted by the drug cytochalasin, whereas colchicine causes
fibroblasts to cease to move directionally and to begin
extending lamellipodia in seemingly random directions.
Injection of fibroblasts with antibodies to vimentin has no
discernible effect on their migration. What do these
observations suggest to you about the involvement of the three
different cytoskeletal filaments in fibroblast locomotion?

5. Cytochalasin interferes with actin filament formation, and its
effect on the cell demonstrates the importance of actin to cell
locomotion. The experiment with colchicine shows that
microtubules are required to give a cell a polarity that then
determines which end becomes the leading edge. In the absence
of microtubules, cells still go through the motions normally
associated with cell movement, such as the extension of
lamellipodia, but in the absence of cell polarity these are futile
exercises because they happen indiscriminately in all directions.
Antibodies bind tightly to the antigen (in this case vimentin) to
which they were raised. When bound, an antibody can interfere
with the function of the antigen by preventing it from
interacting properly with other cell components. The antibody
injection experiment therefore suggests that intermediate
filaments are not required for the maintenance of cell polarity
or for the motile machinery.
Social Media Marketing Fundamentals with Brian Honigman
1 of 1
Social Media Marketing Fundamentals
with Brian Honigman
Checklist for Choosing a Social Channel
Selecting the right social networks for your organization isn’t
an easy decision with the numerous options
available and the variety of considerations to account for.
Here’s a checklist to help remember what to
keep top of mind when choosing where to be active on social
media. A majority of the questions below
should be marked “yes” to indicate a social network is right for
your business.

6. YES NO Is your audience using this social network?
YES NO Does this channel have a large, active audience?
YES NO Do you have the necessary resources to maintain this
channel?
YES NO Does your organization have the expertise to succeed
here?
YES NO Are your competitors active on this channel?
YES NO Is it possible to achieve your marketing goals on this
platform?
YES NO Are you able to invest in the types of content typically
shared here?
YES NO Does your team grasp the unique features and nuances
of this channel?
YES NO Can your company afford to pay for advertising on this
social network?
YES NO Does the context of this platform’s use align with your
company’s offerings?
YES NO Can you reasonably measure and report results for this
channel?
YES NO Have you personally tested this network to understand
how it’s used?
YES NO Will your team enjoy using this channel to reach your
customers?

7. YES NO Does this channel facilitate customer service requests
for your customers?
YES NO Are you willing to innovate on this network, moving
beyond best practices?
Running head: MARKETING PLAN FOR SMARTHOMES
CORPORATION 1
MARKETING PLAN FOR SMARTHOMES CORPORATION
3
Part A: Marketing Plan for Smart Homes Corporation
MKT500 Marketing Management
Strayer University
Dr.Victoria Hailey
October 22, 2018
Introduction
SmartHomes Corporation, headquartered in Central
Florida, is a real estate investment organization focused on
buying family housing units below the fair market value,
refurbishing them as well as renting the facilities at the current
market rates. Owned by Paul Scholes and Ryan Schubaker, the
corporation specializes in fractional home ownership, in which
buyers own a unit for between 7 days and 28 days in year for 99
years. Home owners can rent their units for income or loan out
their units to friends or spend their holidays there for the
number of days owned. Currently, the company is selling its

8. facility known as “The One” located near Daytona Beach, with
plans to expand into the neighboring states in the future.
Mission Statement
SmartHomes Corporation’s is to invest in quality tenants
and properties. At SmartHomes, the owners are devoted to the
business as demonstrated by their commitment to meticulous
selection of property location and long-term buyers.
Goals
Short Term
· To increase SmartHomes’ market share by 10 percent in the
next 1 year
This will be by measured by tracking down the total number of
new users on the organization’s website and social media
platforms
· To increase SmartHomes’ revenue by 10 percent in the next 1
year
This will be measure by an increase in the firm’s product
adoption plus retention rate relative to the market trends
Long Term
· To increase the number of new homes by 10 percent in the
next 5 years
This will be demonstrated by customer engagement rates
· To increase SmartHomes’ profitability by 20 percent in the
next 5 years
This will be demonstrated by an increase in the firm’s profit
margins relative to the industry’s performance Environmental
Analysis
The real estate industry, just like other industries, is prone
to environmental factors including, flooding and other harsh
climatic conditions. With regards to environmental factors,
Florida is a poster child for the impacts of climate changes with
various studies indicating that the sea level will rise by 5 feet
above sea level by the end of the 21st century and other
indicating that properties worth more than 23 billion United

9. States dollars could be destroyed by 2050. As a result, many
real estate investors are looking for higher grounds elsewhere in
the State like the traditionally black neighborhoods of Liberty
City as well as Little Haiti (Luscombe, 2017). These events are,
without any doubt likely to affect SmartHomes business growth
in the future and for this reason the company has plans to move
into neighboring states in the future.
Competitive Analysis
Florida State is home to numerous real estate organizations
with agents that compete against one another for the real estate
market share. Some real estate companies have full service
agents are not only well respected in the community, but also
boast of many years of experience. Some of the top real estate
companies in Florida are: Keyes Company, located in West
Palm Beach; RE/Max Direct, Delray Beach and Boca Raton; and
House Pro Realty, Lake Worth. Others are Marcus and Company
Realty, Bradenton; Smith and Associates Real Estate, Saint
Petersburg; Navy To Navy Homes, Jacksonville; and the Agency
of Pensacola, Pensacola (Up Nest, 2017). While many of these
companies are popular in the real estate industry, none of them
offers factional home ownership which is SmartHomes
Corporation’s niche market
Economic Analysis
From the economic perspective, experts assert that Florida
is one of the leading states in the United States with a booming
real estate market in the country following the recent recession.
Like the United States economy, Florida’s economy is showing
signs of recovering from the recent recessions and there are
plans in place to help propel the state’s economic performance
in the future. For instance, the Federal Railroad Administration,
in 2011, increased the federal funding for the states’ high-speed
rail by 800 million dollars to 2.05 billion dollars. The high-
speed rail will definitely stimulate the states job market which
is a major boost for real estate companies. The state of Florida
is also home to aerospace industry, with more than 15,000
people working at the Kennedy Space Center. The annual wage

10. of aerospace employees is nearly 52,000 United States dollars
(Spiegel, 2010).
Political and Legal Analysis
There are many political factors which make the State of
Florida a favorable place for real estate businesses to enter the
market. These include favorable tax structure which aimed at
attracting investors and new businesses. The government
policies as well as competitive costs make it easy for an
organization to plan for business growth and opportunity of
making profits. Also, the States’ regulatory agencies provide
less costly and quicker means of permitting processes for
businesses while focusing on environmental standards.
Moreover, Florida is one of the 9 states in the country without
personal income taxes for its citizens. Florida is also one of the
22 states in the country with the right to work law in the
country. This law allows workers to decide by themselves
whether to join as well as support a union or not (Altius
Directory, 2010).
Technological Analysis
Martinez (2010) finds that the real estate industry is
subject to technological innovations, which affect the way
organizations construct and supply houses to the consumers.
The introduction of the Internet as well as the improvement in
information communication technologies is credited with the
facilitation and acceleration of information flow between
producers and consumers. SmartHome’s “The One” facility
offers up-to-date technology to home owners. Each room is
installed with modem jacks and Ethernet ports for easy Internet
accessibility. The owners have easy access to copy and
facsimile machines located in each room. Also, each room has
an emergency panic alert system that is connected to the local
police department and the manager’s office.
Socio-cultural Analysis
Florida State has some of the most famous social aspects
in the country, including Disney, Universal Studios and Daytona
Beach, which may boost the real estate market in one way or

11. another. Besides, there are other interesting attraction centers
which attract many people to the state. One of the most common
features is the Florida Everglades which is known for attracting
biologists from different parts of the world. Tourism is the
biggest source of income in the States as it accounts for about
25 percent of the entire state’s economy. There are at least 60
million people visiting Florida each year which generates about
57 billion dollars (Nu Wire, 2010). SmartHomes Corporation
can take advantage of the booming tourism sector by providing
affordable housing for tourists. With regards to population
growth, Florida is among the fastest growing states in the
country and this is expected to continue to the unforeseeable
future. As many people continue to visit the state, some will
love whatever it offers and plan to return more frequently or to
relocate permanently (Proximity One, 2018).
SWOT and Needs Analysis
Strengths
The rental facility, “The One”, is not only affordable to
many American and foreign tourists but is also located near a
major tourist centerDaytona Beach with easy accessibility to the
beach. Secondly, “The One” is a state-of-the-art facility with
various features including the spa, a helipad, 5 swimming pools,
children care center, restaurant, bar, spacious rooms, 24 hour
Internet connectivity, saunas and many more. The facility
boasts of friendly customer service personnel and highly
qualified chefs, waiters and other supportive staff who aim at
ensuring that home owners can enjoy their holidays in a more
relaxing and serene environment
Weaknesses
From an investors’ perspective, this may be a seasonal
location, and this may affect the buyer’s confidence level.
SmartHomes is a new business with no reputation in the market
compared to more established real estate firms in the region.
There is a higher probability that the company may lose scope
of the business
Opportunity

12. Fractional homeownership is a new investment decision in
the region and the Company can use this as an opportunity to
market its new facility, “The One.” The facility is in the fastest
growing region or county in the State of Florida. Moreover, it is
easier to market the states real estate across the globe as it is
one of the world’s most popular tourist destination areas.
Threat
There is increased competition from established real estate
companies in the region. The possibility of natural disasters
such as Tornados and Hurricanes can affect tourist activities in
the region thereby affecting the real estate business. The Florida
State government’s decision to increase regulations regarding
foreign home owners can greatly affect SmartHomes business
activities.
Table 1
SWOT Analysis
Strengths
· Affordable housing
· State of the art facility
· Friendly customer service personnel
Weaknesses
· Losing business scope
· Seasonal location for investors
· Low reputation
Opportunities
· Unexplored marketing opportunities
· Fastest growing location
· Florida most referred destination
Threats
· Intense rivalry from big companies
· Effects of natural disasters
· Government regulation
Note: Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats for
SmartHomes Corporation.
Conclusion
In conclusion, SmartHomes Corporation intends to

13. increase its market share as well revenue by 10 percent each in
the next 1 year. In the long term, it seeks to increase the number
of new homes by 10 percent and profitability by 20 percent,
respectively, in the next 5 years. SmartHomes relies on its
strengths particularly housing affordability and location to
realize its short term and long-term goals. Also, the economic
environment and social environment provide great hope toward
realization of the organization’s goals.
ReferencesAltius Directory. (2010). Florida economy. Retrieved
from. http://www.altiusdirectory.com/Business/florida-
economy.phpLuscombe, R. (2017, August 29). How climate
change could turn US real estate prices upside down. The
Guardian. Retrieved from.
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/aug/29/hu
rricane-harvey-climate- change-real-estate-floridaMartinez, M.
(2010). How to make money in real estate in the new economy.
(1st ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill EducationNu Wire.
(2010). Florida condo prices continue their slide. Property Wire.
Retrieved from. http://www.nuwireinvestor.com/florida-
condo-prices-continue-their-slide/
Proximity One. (2018). State total population estimates &
projections. Retrieved from.
http://proximityone.com/st0030t.htmSpiegel, E. (2010,
November 12).Rail offers Florida economic growth, jobs.
Orlando Business Journal. Retrieved from.
https://www.bizjournals.com/orlando/print-
edition/2010/11/12/rail-offers-florida-economic-
growth.html UpNest. (2017). Top Florida real estate companies
in 2017. UpNest. Retrieved from.
https://www.upnest.com/1/post/top-florida-real-estate-

14. companies-in-2017/