1. From a GeneFrom a Gene
to a Proteinto a Protein
Transcription andTranscription and
TranslationTranslation

2. VocabularyVocabulary
DNADNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid.Deoxyribonucleic acid.
Double stranded helix madeDouble stranded helix made
up of A, T, C, and Gup of A, T, C, and G
nucleotides.nucleotides.
RNARNA

Ribonucleic acid. SingleRibonucleic acid. Single
stranded and made up of A,stranded and made up of A,
U, C, and G nucleotidesU, C, and G nucleotides
mRNAmRNA

Messenger RNAMessenger RNA
tRNAtRNA

Transfer RNATransfer RNA

3. Central DogmaCentral Dogma

4. mRNA transcriptionmRNA transcription
 DNA code is the template that is transcribed into mRNA code.
 mRNA matches base pairs but uses U in place of T
 Transcription always moves in 5’ to 3’ direction adding onto 3’ end.

5. RNA PolymeraseRNA Polymerase
 Important enzyme in transcription
 Binds to unwound section of DNA
 Constructs RNA chains from the DNA template

6. To the CytoplasmTo the Cytoplasm
When transcription isWhen transcription is
finished the mRNAfinished the mRNA
strand is transferredstrand is transferred
out of the nucleus.out of the nucleus.
In the cytoplasm theIn the cytoplasm the
ribosomes initateribosomes initate
translation of thetranslation of the
mRNA into an aminomRNA into an amino
acid chain.acid chain.

7. TranslationTranslation
•
Occurs in ribosomesOccurs in ribosomes
•
mRNAmRNA is translated into an amino acidis translated into an amino acid
chain.chain.
•
Three nucleotide sequences that code forThree nucleotide sequences that code for
an amino acid are called codons.an amino acid are called codons.
•
tRNA carries amino acid to the codon.tRNA carries amino acid to the codon.
•
Translation goes through initiation,Translation goes through initiation,
elongation, and termination.elongation, and termination.

8. tRNA MoleculetRNA Molecule
Forms hairpinForms hairpin
structurestructure

Bottom loop is calledBottom loop is called
the anti-codon whichthe anti-codon which
binds to the codon onbinds to the codon on
the mRNA.the mRNA.

Top is where aminoTop is where amino
acid is bound.acid is bound.

10. Amino AcidsAmino Acids

11. After termination newly synthesized aminoAfter termination newly synthesized amino
acid sequence folds into a protein.acid sequence folds into a protein.

12. ReviewReview

Transcription occurs in the NucleusTranscription occurs in the Nucleus

DNA is transcribed into mRNADNA is transcribed into mRNA

The mRNA is transferred to the cytoplasmThe mRNA is transferred to the cytoplasm
where it is translated in the ribosomes.where it is translated in the ribosomes.

Condons match up with tRNA to link theCondons match up with tRNA to link the
amino acids with the corresponding 3 letteramino acids with the corresponding 3 letter
code.code.

http://youtu.be/lpb5s2F1pyMhttp://youtu.be/lpb5s2F1pyM